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英语中的非谓语动词是什么
在句子中不是谓语的动词叫做非谓语动词
是动词的非谓语形式.动词一般在句子中充当谓语.在句中可起名词,形容词,副词的作用,在句中充当主语,宾语,表语,补语,定语或状语.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分
3种形式：不定式，分词（现在分词、过去分词），动名词
1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：
（1）如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用，例如：
They built a garden.
They suggested building a garden.
（2）都可以被状语修饰：
The suit fits him very well.
The suit used to fit him very well.
（3）都有主动与被动, “体”式（一般式；进行式；完成式）的变化。例如：
He was punished by his parents.（谓语动词被动语态）
He avoided being punished by his parents.（动名词的被动式）
We have written the composition.（谓语动词的完成时）
Having written the composition, we handed it in.（现在分词的完成式）
（4）都可以有逻辑主语
They started the work at once.（谓语动词的逻辑主语）
The boss ordered them to start the work.（动词不定式的逻辑主语）
We are League members.（谓语动词的主语）
We being League member, the work was well done.
（现在分词的逻辑主语）
2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：
（1）非谓语动词可以有名词作用（如动词不定式和动名词），在句中做主语、宾语、表语。
（2）非谓语动词可以有形容词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语。
（3）非谓语动词可以有副词作用（如动词不定式和分词），在句中作状语。
（4）谓语动词在句中作谓语，受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语，它不受主语的人称和数的限制。
英语非谓语动词怎么用
看完下面这篇文章就会彻底明白了。
根据非谓语动词在句子中所处的位置可以分为如下两种情况：
一、非谓语动词处于句子谓语之中
二、非谓语动词处于句子谓语之外
一、非谓语动词处于谓语部分之中
首先通过几个例句来讲解什么是句子谓语和非谓语动词。
例句1：
I am eating. 我在吃（东西）。
am eating就是句子谓语。
am表达现在时间——又称为时间助动词
eating表达进行状态——又称为状态主动词（即非谓语动词）
所谓句子谓语和非谓语动词之间的关系为：
句子谓语= 时间助动词 + 非谓语动词（状态主动词）
现在相信你已经初步理解了什么是句子谓语，什么是非谓语动词，进一步举例如下：
例句2：
She did not go home. 她没有回家。
did go就是句子谓语。
did表达过去时间——又称为时间助动词
go表达一般状态——又称为状态主动词（即非谓语动词）
例句3：
I have eaten. 我已经吃了。
have eaten就是句子谓语。
have表达现在时间——又称为时间助动词
eaten表达完成状态——又称为状态主动词（即非谓语动词）
好以上是以非谓语动词处于谓语部分之中来讲解非谓语动词，下面以非谓语动词处于谓语部分
之外来讲解非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词处于谓语部分之外
例句1：
Smoking is bad for your health. 吸烟有害于您的健康。
is就是句子谓语。
smoking是非谓语动词，处于句子的主语位置上，并不在句子的谓语部分之中。
例句2：
Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistake.
已经被告知过数次，这个淘气的男孩还是犯同样的错误。
made就是句子谓语
Having been told是非谓语动词，处于句子状语的位置，并不在主句句子的谓语部分之中。
例句3：
He has a lot of meeting to attend. 他有很多会议要去参加。
has就是句子谓语
to attend是非谓语动词，处于句子定语的位置，并不在句子的谓语部分之中。
以上通过非谓语动词在句子中所处的位置简单地介绍了句子谓语和非谓语动词之间的区别，相信此时你对句子谓语和非谓语动词你已经有了初步的理解。
上面，我们提到了一些和非谓语动词有关概念，比如“一般态”“进行态”“助动词、“主动词”等，也许你还不十分清楚，这些概念非常简单，但它们却是理解“非谓语”以及深入理解句子“谓语时态”的关键。
关于这些概念请参考《英语思维：解密英语语法的原理》专栏文章——时态的起源部分。
英语非谓语动词的用法总结
2007年高考英语山东卷单项选择第33题：
The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecraft, the most recent ____at the end of last March.
A.has been launched B.having been launched C.being launched D.to be launched
这道题的命题立意是考查非谓语动词，选项设置采取了谓语非谓语并存以及非谓语几种形式加以干扰的形式，意在考查同学们非谓语知识掌握的熟练程度和准确性。这道题的考查，区分度很高。四个选项都有一定比例的同学在选，这说明同学们对非谓语动词的掌握还不扎实。主要的问题是：
1.选择谓语动词还是非谓语动词的判断有误
很多同学选择A，而has been launched是现在完成时形式，是谓语动词；再看语句逗号两边没有任何连词连接，说明后半句只是整个句子的一个成分，因此，选择A就犯了句子结构判断上的错误；
2.非谓语动词形式的判断有误
另外三个选项中B、C是分词的被动形式，分别表示“发射了”和“正在发射”的语义；D选项是动词不定式的一种被动形式，表示“将要发射”。再看看题干给出的“launch”时间背景“at the end of last March”和主句上的时间“has already sent up”，说明是在此之前，所以正确的选择应当是B。
从上面的分析我们不难看出，回答非谓语动词的问题，要注意下面几个关键：一是要确定是否选择非谓语动词，方法就是看句子中有没有连词，是句子还是成分；二是要找动词的逻辑主语，这是判断非谓语动词形式的一个重要依据；三是判断是主动形式还是被动的形式，主要是看动词和逻辑主语之间是构成了主谓关系(主动形式)还是动宾关系(被动形式)，要特别注意所选形式的语义，如上例中“having been launched”，“being launched”分别表示的“发射了”和“正在发射”的语义；四是把时间背景捕捉准确，这样就能确定是用“将来”、“正在”还是“完成”的对应形式。
二、选择非谓语动词要兼顾搭配结构和语义功能
非谓语动词是用动词不定式to do，还是用分词doing或done的形式，是由搭配结构和语义功能决定的。
1.搭配结构是机械记忆问题，没有“为什么”，正如非谓语动词做动词enjoy的宾语，只能用动词的ing形式，而不能用不定式形式。
例一：——The last one ______ pays the meal.
——Agreed!
A. arrived B. arrives
C. to arrive D. arriving
非谓语动词做定语，在所修饰名词或代词前有序数词时，要搭配动词不定式，所以本题要选择C。
例二：The crowd cheered wildly at the sight of Liu Xiang, who was reported_______ the world record in the 110-meter hurdle race.
A. breaking B. having broken
C. to have broken D. to break
在“sb. is said/reported/believed/thought，…”等之后要搭配动词不定式。在这里，题干的时间背景为cheered，一般过去时，而“break the world record”应当在“cheer”之前，所以要选择不定式的完成时态，以表示两个动作的先后，答案为C。
例三：You’ll imagine what difficulty we had_____ home in the snowstorm.
A. walked B. walk
C. to walk D. walking
句子的结构里涉及这样的用法“have difficulty (in)doing sth.”，所以要选择D。
2.语义功能是理解问题，要根据题干语义，将备选非谓语动词的“形”和“义”密切联系起来。
例一： At the beginning of class, the noise of desks __ could be heard outside the classroom.
A. opened and closed
B. to be opened and closed
C. being opened and closed
D. to open and close
在这个题目中动词“open and close”和名词“desks”构成了动宾关系，即“open and close desks”，因此选择非谓语动词要用到被动形式，而前三个含有被动成分的选项又分别有“完了”“将要”和“正在”的含义，因此，能准确表达句子意思的应当是C。
例二：The children talked so loudly at dinner table that I had to struggle ______.
A. to be heard B. to have heard
C. hearing D. being heard
在这个题目中动词“hear”和代词“I”构成了动宾关系，即“hear me”，因此选择非谓语动词要用到被动形式，而第一和第四个含有被动成分的选项又分别有“将要”和“正在”的含义，因此，能准确表达句子意思“以便能被听到”的应当是A。
例三：The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons _____ for the day.
A. finishing B. finished
C. had finished D. were finished
在这个题目中动词“finish”和名词“lessons”构成了动宾关系，即“finish lessons”，因此选择非谓语动词要用到被动形式，而第二个含有被动成分，表示“完了”，因此，是B。需要注意的是，D选项是谓语动词，而本题中“their lessons ___ for the day”应当是个句子成分，所以不能选择谓语动词。
从上面的例子，我们看到，在回答非谓语动词题目时，要紧紧抓住搭配结构和非谓语形义，才能找出正确的答案。
请你回答下面六个题目，看看是否掌握了答题方法。
巩固练习
1.Please remain________ until the plane has come to a complete stop.
A.to seat B.to be seated
C.seating D.seated
2. Leonardo da Vinci (1452 - 1519) ___ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.
A. is said to be buying
B. is said to have bought
C. had said to buy
D. has said to have bought
3. ______ by a greater demand of vegetables, farmers have built more green houses.
A. Driven
B. Being driven
C. To drive
D. Having driven
4. As the light turned green, I stood for a moment, not ______, and asked myself what I was going to do.
A. moved B moving
C. to move D. being moved
5. “Things ______________ never come again!” I couldn’t help talking to myself.
A. lost B. losing
C. to lose D. have lost
6. I smell something __________ in the kitchen. Can I call you back in a minute?
A. burning B. burnt
C. being burnt D. to be burnt
参考答案
1.D 2.B 3.A 4.B 5.A 6.A
[
原创] 高考英语非谓语动词试题讲解（非谓语动词系列四） 2008-07-15 17:49
(1). -Do you play basketball? – No,but I used to.
-Are you a student? –No,but I used to be.
(2). —You came late last night. You ought to have finished your
homework.
—I know I ought to have.
(97)73. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone______ get out.
A. had to B. would C. could D. was able to
(98)74. _____ it with me and I"ll see what I can do.
A. When left B. Leaving C.If you leave D. Leave
(98)75. Cleaning women in big cities usually get______ by the hour.
A. pay B. paying C. paid D. to pay
本题中get paid=be paid
Be done与get done表示被动的区别：
Be done总可用。
Get done构成被动时，一般用于突然发生的、不期而遇的、偶然发生的事情。如，
How was the window broken\did the window get broken? 但是，不可用Our house got build in 2002.(这是计划、安排中的事)。
另外，谈到主语自己做的事情时，是系表结构。如，get dressed\married\washed等。
(98)76. European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.
A. making B. makes C. made D. to make
现在分词与不定式做结果状语的区别：
现在分词作结果状语,只能放于句子末尾，是自然的或必然的结果。其逻辑主语是句子的主语或者是逗号（必须有逗号）前的句子，可改为非限定性定语从句：…，which makes it…
不定式作结果状语主要有三种：
1.“主+系+表+ to(vt.)”或者“动+宾+补+ to(vt.)”；
2. too…to do,so…as to do,such…as to do,enough…to do；
3.（only）to do放于句子末尾（其前不用逗号）表示出乎意料的结果，常用only加强语气。
(99)77. Robert is said_____ abroad, but I don"t know what country he studied in.
A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying
Say \report sb to do结构不成立。但是be said\report to do 成立，to do有各种变化。
(99)78. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, _____ it more difficult.
A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make
(99)79. When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door______ "Sorry to miss you; will call later."
A. read B. reads C. to read D. reading
文字材料、卡片、标牌儿等+read\say等词。
(2000)80. I"ve worked with children before, so I know what______ in my new job.
A. expected B. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects
参考第三题。
(2000)81. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see______ the next year.
A. carry out B. carrying out C. carried out D. to carry out
分析句子结构。
See sb\sth do\doing\done搭配。
(2001)82. ______ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.
A. Having suffered B. Suffering C. To suffer D. Suffered
分析此句，找出Having suffered的逻辑主语。
(2002)83. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains______ whether they will enjoy it.
A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen
Remain to be done 留待… …
(2002)84. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ______.
A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do what with it
参考第三题。what to do with…意思是，如何处理… …。What 是do 的宾语。
(2002上海)85. In order to gain a bigger share in the international market, many state-run companies are striving（try之义）______ their products more competitive.
A. to make B. making C. to have made D. having made
(2002上海)86. Quite a few people used to believe that disaster_____ if a mirror was broken.
A. was sure of striking B. was sure of having struck
C. was sure to be struck D. was sure to strike
(2002上海)87. Though______ money, his parents managed to send him to university.
A. lacked B. lacking of C. lacking D. lacked in
状语从句中省略主语（+be）：
（1）.when\while\until(时间)；as(方式)；though（让步）；if\unless\once(条件)等从句中，如果其主语和主句的主语一致，后面又跟有be…时，省去主语和be。
（2）. when\while (时间)； though（让步）；if\unless (条件)等从句中，如果其主语和主句的主语一致，谓语动词是经常性的、持续性的和状态性的动词时，省去主语再把谓语动词变为doing形式。
（3）.where\when\if it is + possible\necessary…, 从句中省去 it is。
(2002上海)88. Don"t use words, expressions, or phrases_______ _disibledevent="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> A. being known B. having been known C. to be known D. known
(2002上海)89. ______ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to _disibledevent="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> A. Exposed B. Having exposed C. Being exposed D. After being exposed
(2002春招)90. Prices of daily goods______ through a computer can be lower than store prices.
A. are bought B. bought C. been bought D. buying
(2002上海春招)91. In some parts of London, missing a bus means______ for another hour.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. to be waiting
(2002上海春招)92. When_____, the museum will he open to the public next year.
A. completed B. completing C. being completed D. to be completed
(2002北京)93--How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?
--The key ______ the problem is to meet the demand _______ by the customers.
A. to solving; making B. to solving; made C. to solve; making D. to solve; made
(2002广东)94. The research is so designed that _disibledevent="FONT-SIZE: 12pt; LINE-HEIGHT: 150%; FONT-FAMILY: 宋体; mso-ascii-font-family: 'Times New Roman'; mso-hansi-font-family: 'Times New Roman'"> A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun
(2003)95. The teacher asked us______ so much noise.
A. don"t make B. not make C. not making D. not to make
(2003)96. ______ time, he"ll make a first-class tennis player.
A. Having given B. To give C. Giving D. Given
(2003上海)97. The discovery of new evidence led to______.
A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief
C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught
(2003上海)98. Generally speaking, ______ according to directions, the drug has no side-effect.
A. when taking B. when taken C. when to take D. when to be taken
(2003上海)99. An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered_______ clear warnings before firing any shots.
A. to issue B. being issued C. to have issued D. to be issued
(2003上海)100. There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars_______ road conditions need______.
A. that; to be improved B. which; to be improved
C. where; improving D. when; improving
(2003北京春招)101. --Why did you go back to the shop?
--I left my friend______ there.
A. waiting B. to wait C. wait D. waits
Leave sb\sth to do\doing\done
(2003北京春招)102. The manager,______ his factory"s products were poor in quality, decided to give his workers further training.
A. knowing B. known C. to know D. being known
(2003北京春招)103. The man we followed suddenly stopped and looked as if _______ whether he was going in the right direction.
A. seeing B. having seen C. to have seen D. to see
As if to do\doing\done省略现象。
(2003上海春招)104. Don"t be discouraged. ______ things as they are and you will enjoy every day of your life.
A. Taking B. To take C. Take D. Taken
(2003上海春招)105 Friendship is like money: easier made than ____.
A. kept B. to be kept C. keeping D. being kept
(2003上海春招)106. ______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.
A. The president will attend B. The president to attend
C. The president attended D. The president’s attending
(2003上海春招)107. Unless______ to speak, you should remain silent at the conference.
A. invited B. inviting C. being invited D. having invited
(2003上海春招)108. Site will tell us why she feels so strongly that each of us has a role______ in making the earth a better place to live.
A. to have played B. to play C. to be played D. to be playing
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61. BACDD 66. BCCCB 71.CCDDC 76.AABDB 81.CABCA 86.DCDCB 91.AABDD 96.DCBAA 101.AADCA 106.DAB
非谓语动词的用法
要想掌握非谓语动词的用法，轻松备战高考，快速准确地解题，不妨牢记非谓语动词解题“五步骤”：“牢记核心意义--分析句子成分—寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系—了解时间关系—分析特殊情况”。在做题过程中通过以上五个步骤而逐步排除干扰项，很快就可以找准答案。此“五步骤”的具体内容如下：
1、牢记核心意义。不定式表将来或能够，动词ing形式表主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。
2、分析句子成分。非谓语动词在句中可充当主语、宾语、定语、表语、补语以及状语。
3、寻找逻辑主语，把握主被动关系。非谓语动词虽然在语法上没有主语，但它仍表示的是动作，因此在意义上会有一个动作的发出者，这个发出者就是它的逻辑主语。作主语补足语，表语和状语时，逻辑主语为句子的主语；作宾语补足语，逻辑主语为宾语；作定语，逻辑主语是所修饰的先行词；复合结构自带逻辑主语。如果非谓语动词与其逻辑主语的是主动关系，用现在分词或不定式的主动式，如果是被动关系，则用过去分词或不定式的被动式，如果表被动进行，则用现在分词的被动式或不定式的被动进行式。
4、了解时间关系。如果非谓语动词与句子的谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，用一般式；如果发生在之前，则用完成式，如果强调正在进行，则用进行时；如果动作在将来发生，则用不定式。
5、分析特殊情况。主要是指一些习惯用法，固定搭配等。
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