本文目录
被动语态的用法及不能使用被动语态的情况
被动语态用法被动语态是怎么用的
被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的物件。
英语被动语态的构成通常是：“be+done”。但“get+done”也可以构成被动语态，用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如： The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。 How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了？
例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 中文Chinese是动词speak的承受者。被例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
被动语态用法怎么用？
A.主动语态中主语是谓语动词的发出者。宾语是谓语动词的物件。
B.被动语态中主语是谓语动词的承受者(动作的物件)。
(把主动语态改为被动语态也就是把主动句中的宾语改为被动句的主语，这是最关键的着眼点，同时谓语动词作相应的变化。)
被动语态的谓语构成: 助动词be＋动词过去分词
(根据句子的主语和时态，助动词be有am, is, are, was, were,
been几个形式变化。)
什么时候要用被动语态呢？
在下列三种情况之一要用被动语态：
①不知道动作的执行者是谁，用被动语态。
②没有必要指出谁是动作的执行者，用被动语态。
③需要强调动作的承受者时，用被动语态。
在上面我们已经初步了解了被动语态的构成和主动变被动的方法。下面
我们接着学习在被动语态中要注意的问题。
①一些使役动词(let, have, make等)或感观动词(see, hear, watch,
notice等)在主动语态中后面接的动词不定式不带to，但改为被动语态时，要
补上to。如：
The boss makes the workers work 18 hours a day.
The workers are made to work 18 hours a day by the boss.
I saw him enter the house.
He was seen to enter the house by me.
The teacher let them leave the classroom after class.
They were let to leave the classroom by the teacher after class.
We hear her sing in the room every day.
She is heard to sing in the room every day.
[注意]当使用see/hear/watch *** doing sth时，变为被动语态时，
doing保持不变。如：
I saw him going into the shop.(主动)
He was seen going into the shop.(被动)
②含有短语的被动语态结构。
一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才有承受者。
但许多不及物动词加上副词或介词构成动词短语也相当于及物动词的用法，可以
带宾语，因而也有被动语态。动词短语主要有三种：
A 及物动词+副词 如：
turn off 、 set up 、 carry out 、 put off 、take away 、 turn on 、 hand in 、 move away 、 pass on 、 write down 、put away 、 put on 、 take down 、send away 、 try on 、 put down 、sell out 、 hold on 、 try out 、 send up 、 take off 、 wear out 、wake up 、take out 、dress up 、 give back 、 work out 、 get back 、 find out 、pick up 、give up 、 pull up 、 put up 等
B 不及物动词+介词 如：
look after talk about play with等
C.“动词+名词+介词” 构成的短语。如：
take care of、 pay attention to、make use of等动词短语是不可
分割的整体，在变被动语态时，不可丢掉构成动词短语的副词或介词。
请看下面的例子：
①They set up the factory in 2000.
The factory was set up in 2000.
②Our school will put off the School Sports meeting until December.
The School Sports meeting will be put off until December.
③People have talked about the aident .
The aident has been talked about.
④You should pay more attention to your study this year.
Your study should be paid more attention to this year.
带有介词或副词的动词短语，在改为被动语态时，不能把介词或副词
拆开。
③带有双宾语的被动结构在句中的使用。
有些动词可以带两个宾语，即指人的间宾和指物的直宾。可以将其中一
个宾语提到前面做主语，另一个留在后面。
①Her parents bought her a new puter yesterday.
She was bought a new puter yesterday.
A new puter was bought for her yesterday.
②They have given me some good advice.
I have been given some good advice.
Some good advice has been given to me.
③She will write a long letter to David Smith.
A long letter will be written to David Smith.
David Smith will be written a long letter
被动语态用法
被动语态1：英语中语态有两种：主动语态和被动语态。
语态的作用：语态是动词的一种形式，用来说明主语和谓语之间的关系。
语态的选用：如果主语是动作的执行者，谓语用主动语态。
例如：We clean the room every day.
如果主语是动作的承受者，或者说是动作的物件，谓语则是要用被动语态。
例如：The room is cleaned every day.
2:被动语态的各种形式
1) am/is/are +done
eg：I'm asked to take care of myself.
eg：Football is played all over the world.
2）has /have been done
eg：This book has been translated into many foreign languages.
eg：The prices of many goods have been cut again .
3）am/is /are being done
eg：A road is being built around the mountain.
eg：Many new houses are being built in this city.
4） was/were done
eg1：This house was built in 1958.
eg2：His leg was broken in an aident.
5） had been done
eg1：A new school had been set up by the end of last year.
eg2：When the anthem had been played the conference began.
6) was/were being done
eg1： meeting was being held when I was there.
eg2：We were being trained this time last year.
7) shall/will be done
eg1：More factories will be built in our city.
eg2：He will be taken to hospital tomorrow.
8) shall/will have been done
eg1：The project will have been pleted before July.
eg2：Your clothes shall have been made for you soon.
9) should/would be done
eg1：He told me that his new cloths would be made by his mother.
10) should/would have been done
eg1：He told me that his new clothes would have been made very soon.
3:主动形式表示被动意义
1）及物动词的不及物用法：主语通常是物，且有着某种内在的特点。句子简短，且一定有付词。
eg1：Some silks wash well.
eg2：The pen writes *** oothly.
eg3：The poem reads fluently（流利地）.
eg4：The shoes wear well（很耐穿）.
eg5：The paper tears easily.
2)否定句
eg1：The plays won`t act.
eg2：His novels don`t sell.
eg3：The door won`t open.
3)某些日常用语，谓语是进行时态
eg1：The dinner is cooking.
eg2：The cakes are baking（烘烤）.
eg3：The book is printing.
eg4：He paid all that was owing（欠的钱他都还了）.
4）谓语是不及物动词或连系动词。
eg1：The flowers look beautiful.
eg2：what he said sounds reasonable.
eg3：The roses *** ell sweet.
eg4：The medicine tastes bitter.
eg5：The cloth feels soft.
eg6：The door blew open.
eg7：The road measures 50 feet across.
eg8：Sheep feed chiefly on grass.
被动语态的基本用法
一. 何时使用被动语态
1. 不知道谁是动作的执行者或没有必要
如：Paper is made from wood.
The house is quite old. It was built in 1950.
He was wounded in the fight.
2. 需要强调动作的承受者时
如：Calwlator can't be used in the maths exam.
Books and newspapers in the reading room mustn't be taken away.
He was awarded first prize in that contest.
3为了使语气婉转,避扩音及自己或对方而使用被动语态,或由于修饰的需要,使用被动语态,使句子得以更好的安排.
如：The construction of the new lab must be pleted by the end of next
month.
Electricity is used to run machines.
二. 被动语态的构成
1. be+done 可以是被动语态,也可以是系表结构形式.被动语态中,done可以带by短语,而系表结构中done相当于adj. 不带
by短语.
如：The question is settled. (系表结构)
Such questions are settled by us. (被动语态)
The position is well written. (系表结构)
The position is written with great care . (被动语态)
The job was well done. (系表结构)
The job was well done by a skilled worker. (被动语态)
2. 许多verbs(broken, interested, shut, worried),
既可以用做adj.也可以在被动语态结构中做过去分词.句中如果有by,通常是被动语态.
如：I was worried abeutyou all night. (表状态)
I was worried by mosquitoes all night. (表动作)
The glass was broken by Jack. (表动作)
The glass is broken. (表状态)
I was frightened by his ghost story.
She was frightened at the sight of a snake.
三. 不同形式的被动语态
1. 含有直宾和间宾的主动结构,变为被动时,可将其中一个宾语变为主语,另一个不动一般是主语结构的间接宾语变为被动的主语.
如：He showed me his pictures.
I was shown his pictures by him.
His pictures were shown to me by him.
Aunt made me a new dress.
I was made a new dress by aunt.
A new dress was made for me by aunt.
He sent me a birthday present.
I was sent a birthday present by him.
A birthday present was sent to me by him.
2含有复合宾语的主动句,宾补不变.
(1) 将宾语变为主语,宾补不变.
如：They call her XiaoLi. She is called XiaoLi.
He left the door open. The door war left open by him.
(2) make, let, have,hear, watch, see, feel, notice.
help既动词后变做宾补的不定式一般不加to,变为被动,必须加to .
如：My brother often made me do this and that when I was young.
I was often made to do this and that by my brother when I young.
I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.
She was heard to move about in her room uptairs last night.
Did you see Jack take away the magazine?
Was Jack seen to take away the magazine?
3. 情态动词的被动语态.是由情态V+be+p.p.构成
如：They can not find him.
He can not be found.
You must pay me for this.
I must be paid for this.
He can repair your watch.
Your watch can be repaired.
4. 短语V的被动语态
一般来讲,只有及物V才有被动语态,因为只有vt才能有动作的承受者;
但有许多由不及物动词+介词及其他词类构成的短语动词,相当与及物动词,可以有宾语.因而可以有被动语态,但应注意短语V是一个不可分割的整体.变被动时,不可丢掉构成短语的prep或adv.这样的短语有：look
after, listen to, look at, pay attention to, take care of, look forward to, make
ues of,etc.
如：They had put out the fire before the fire--brigade arrived.
The fire had been put out before the fire-brigade arrived.
They will set up a new public school here.
A new public school will be set up here.
5. 有些动词用主动形式表被动含义..
如：The goods sells well. The door can't open.
6.有些词如want,need,require和 be worth后面,v-ing形式为主动,意义为被动.
如：The room needs/wants/requires cleaning.
The book is worth reading.
7.主动语态中的宾语是从句,变成被动时使用形式替代词it.
如：We know that Britain is an island country.
It's known that Britain is an island country.
The teacher said that this book has been translated into several
languages
It's said that this book has been franslated into several languages
8. 宾语为反身代词,相互代词及虚词it时,不用被动,只用主动.
如：I will do it myself. The man introduced himself as Mr. Wang.
9. 谓语动词是以下时,无被动.
happen, belong to, suit, fit(适合), have, let, join, fall,
last(延长),cost(花费)
break out(爆发)appear, burst out(迸发),hold(容纳),lack(缺乏),agree with(同意).
10. 据说类动词：say,consider, think, report, know, believe, suggest, understand,
hope, etc.
如：It is said that… There is said to be… Sth./Sb. is said to…
11.主动形式表被动
① 感官动词：sound,taste, *** ell,fell,look,seem等主语是物时;
② 一些vi主动形式表被动含义open, close, shut, read, write, translate, wash, clean, lock,
sell, wear, cut, cook, eat, weigh, drink, pay, draw, etc.
③不定式to blame,to let(出租)作表语时,主动形式表被动含义
④表(sth)需要的need ,want,require等后的动名词用主动形式表被动含义
⑤be worth后的动名词主动形式表被动含义
被动语态怎么用？
什么时候用被动语态：
不想让听者知道这个动作的执行者
The book was takne away.
及物动词没有宾语
He was seen last night by me.
被动语态结构：
be+及物动词的过去分词（通过be动词的变化体现时态）
英语被动语态和中文被动语态是怎么形成的？
中文和英文都有主动语态、被动语态的语法。
比如你的题目中三个句子，1、3是被动态，2是主动态。中文中的被动语态不一定需要必须说出“被”字，主要看句子结构，放在句子前面的主语结构是动作的实施物件，就是被动语态。
你的问题补充中，“你吃了吗”是省略了“饭”这个实施物件，改成被动语态的时候，不能省略这个物件，所以要改成“饭吃了吗”。还有一个，“病被治好了吗”实际上也是省略了实施主体的，就是治病的“医生”，所以改成主动语态的时候不能省略这个主体，要改成“医生治好你的病了吗”。
所以，主动、被动语态，最主要的就是要看我们强调的是哪个方面，如果强调的是动作的实施主体，就用主动语态，于是实施的物件就无关紧要了；如果强调的是动作实施的物件，就用被动语态，这时实施的主体就可有可无了。
主动语态指主语是谓语动作的使动方。也就是说谓语的动作源自主语，而施加于宾语。相反，被动语态中，主语是谓语动作的受动方，如果有宾语的，宾语往往是谓语动作的使动方。
在语法机构上，主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于，主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语，然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法；而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语，各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。
举例：
主动：Thesnowslidekilledhim.
被动：Hewaskilledbythesnowslide.
意义均为：他死于雪崩。
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多，要普遍，许多课本乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来，当强调动作承受者，不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时，多用被动式。须注意的是，许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思，英语却用被动态。还要注意，英语的被动态往往由"by"引出，而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态，而是系表结构。还有些待殊现象，如…knowntoman(人类......所知)，onfoot步行(美国人有时用byfoot)，incarraige(乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动，真被动的十几个常用词的用法，以及soheavytocarry而不用soheavytobecarried等习惯用法。有关这类情况，做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态，准确无误地解答习题非常关键，被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂，怎样记住各自的被动形式呢?首先要明确"将来进行无被动，现在完成进行
同"。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外，不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词，反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此，还有不定式，动名词，分词，以及它们的复合结构)的被动态，再加上情态动词，助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂，真是令人头痛，眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例，即dodid过去式done过去分词，以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态，一定对你有所启示。
被动语态（一般现在时）
主动语态变被动语态时，主动语态句中的宾语变成被动语态句中的主语，主动语态句中的主语成为被动语态句中的动作的发出者。
《被动语态的口诀》
一般现、过用bedone，be有人称、时、数变。
完成时态havedone，被动将been加中间。
一般将来shall(will)do，被动变do为bedone。
将来进行无被动，shall(will)bedoing,
现在完成进行同，have(has)beendoing。
现、过进行bedoing,被动be加beingdone。
情、助、有、是妥安排，一律随新主语变。
否定助后加not，疑问一助置主前。
主语恰是疑问词，直陈语序主在前。
一般情助加bedone，双宾多将间宾变。
复合宾语宾变主，宾补、主补相应变。
特别注意：不用被动语态的情况：
1)不及物动词或动词短语无被动语态：
appear,diedisappear,end(vi.结束),fail,happen,last,lie,remain,sit,spread,stand
breakout,etrue,fallasleep,keepsilence,loseheart,takeplace.
Afterthefire,verylittleremainedofmyhouse.
比较：rise,fall,happen是不及物动词；raise,seat是及物动词。
(错)Thepriceha *** eenrisen.
(对)Thepricehasrisen.
(错)Theaidenashappenedlaseek.
(对)Theaidenthappenedlaseek.
(错)Thepricehasraised.
(对)Thepriceha *** eenraised.
(错)Pleaseseat.
(对)Pleasebeseated.
要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。
2)不能用于被动语态的及物动词或动词短语：
fit,have,hold,marry,own,wish,cost,notice,watchagreewith,arriveat/in,shakehandswith,sueedin,sufferfrom,happento,takepartin,walkinto,belongto
Thiskeyjustfitsthelock.
Yourstoryagreeswithwhathadalreadybeenheard.
3)系动词无被动语态：
appear,bebee,fall,feel,get,grow,keep,look,remain,seem, *** ell,sound,stay,taste,turn
Itsoundsgood.
4)带同源宾语的及物动词，反身代词，相互代词，不能用于被动语态：
die,death,dream,live,life
Shedreamedabaddreamlastnight.
5)当宾语是不定式时，很少用于被动语态。
(对)Shelikestoswim.
(错)Toswimislikedbyher.PS:
编辑本段有些动词可以带双宾语
在用于被动结构时，主动结构中的间接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语仍然保留在谓语后面；直接宾语变为主语时，直接宾语前通常加上介词for/to
Hewasaskedanumberofquestionsatthepressconference.在记者招待会上人们问了他很多问题
Theyaretaughtalotofthingsinthekindergartens.他们在幼儿园被教给很多东西。
AnewMP4wasgiventohima *** irthdaypresent/gift.作为生日礼物他收到了一个新MP4。
怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1.先找出谓语动词；
2.再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3.把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4.注意人称、时态和数的变化。
be lost用法.被动语态是什么?
在这里lost当作丢失的，遗失的 解释，形容词，已经不再具有动词的含义，当lose后面跟有宾语时，可改为被动语态，如：he lost his wallet yesterday his wallet was lost by him yesterdat
英语被动语态用法
一、语态概述
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。巧记为：主动、主动、主去动。
例如：Many people speak English.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的物件。巧记为：被动、被动、主被动。例如：English is spoken by many people.主语English是动词speak的承受者。
主动态和被动态指的是动词形式，是词法概念；而主动句和被动句则指的是句子结构，从而是句法概念。所谓主动句就是由主动态动词(片语)作谓语动词的句子，而被动句则是由被动态动词(片语)作谓语动词的句子。
例如：He opened the door.他开了门。(主动句)
The door was opened.门被开了。(被动句)
二、被动语态的构成
被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成。人称、数和时态的变化是通过be的变化表现出来的。现以teach为例说明被动语态在各种时态中的构成。
一般现在时：am／is／are＋taught
一般过去时：was／were＋taught
一般将来时：will／shall be＋taught
现在进行时：am／is／are being＋taught
过去进行时：have／has been＋taught
现在完成时：have／has been＋taught
歌诀是：被动语态be字变，过去分词跟后面。
三、被动语态的用法
(1)不知道或没有必要说明动作的执行者是谁。
例如：
Some new puters were stolen last night.
一些新电脑在昨晚被盗了。(不知道电脑是谁偷的)
This book was published in 1981.这本书出版于1981年。
(2)强调动作的承受者，而不强调动作的执行者。
例如：the window was broken by Mike.窗户是迈克打破的。
This book was written by him.这本书是他写的。
Eight hours per day for sleep must be guaranteed.每天8小时睡眠必须得到保证。
歌诀：谁做的动作不知道，说出谁做的没有必要；
动作承受者需强调，被动语态运用到。
四、主动语态变被动语态的方法
(1)把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。
(2)把谓语变成被动结构(be＋过去分词)
(根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。
(3)把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语，将主格改为宾格。例如：
All the people laughed at him.
He was laughed at by all people.
They make the bikes in the factory.
The bikes are made?by them?in the factory.
歌诀是：宾变主，主变宾，by短语后面跟。
谓语动词变被动，be后“过分”来使用。
五、含有情态动词的被动语态
含有情态动词的主动句变成被动句时，由“情态动词＋be＋过去分词”构成，原来带to的情态动词变成被动语态后“to”仍要保留。
歌诀是：情态动词变动，情态加be加“过分”，原来带to要保留。例如：
We can repair this watch in o days.
This watch can be repaired in o days.
You ought to take it away.
It ought to be taken away.
They should do it at once.
It should be done at once.
句式特点有哪些
句式特点是指句子与普通句式不同的地方。
句式特点主要包括以下四大类：
1、判断：是对事物有所肯定或有所否定的句子。
2、被动： 被动句是表示被动意义的句子，是指主语与谓语之间的关系是被动关系。被动句可分为两大类：有形式标志的被动句和无形式标志的被动句。
3、省略：省略句是汉语语法中常见的一种表达方式，在文言文中普遍存在着省略成分的情况，对省略成分的把握，有助于完整理解句子的意思。
4、倒装：为了强调、突出等词语的目的而颠倒原有 语序的句式叫做倒装句。在倒装句中，颠倒了的成分可以恢复原位而句意基本不变，句法成分不变。
除上述四大句式特点之外，文言文的固定句式也属于特殊句式。
句式的意义：
根据内部结构的不同，句子可分为单句和复句。单句可以根据不同的标准来划分句型和句类。句型是句子的结构类，即根据句法成分的配置格局分出来的类。句类是句子的语气类，即根据全句的语气语调分出来的类。
句式也是根据结构分出的类名，和句型一样。不同的是，句型是根据全句特点分出的上位类名，句式是根据句子的局部特点分出的下位类名。
句式特点有哪些
句式特点有：倒装句、被动句、省略句、判断句四大类。
一、判断句
判断句最显著的特点就是基本上不用判断词“是”来表示，而往往让名词或名词性短语直接充当谓语，对主语进行判断，“……者，……也。”这是文言判断句最常见的形式。主语后用“者”，表示提顿，有舒缓语气的作用，谓语后用“也”结句，对主语加以肯定的判断或解说。
二、被动句
被动句式在文言文中，被动句的主语是谓语动词所表示的行为被动者，受事者，而不是主动者，施事者。在古汉语中，被动句主要有两大类型：一是在标志的被动句，即借助一些被动词来表示，二是无标志的被动句，又叫意念被动句。
三、省略句
省略句在文言文中，普遍存在着省略成分的情况，对省略成分的把握，有助于完整理解句子的意思。在特定的语境中，或者承前或者蒙后省略的一些词语，我们称这种句式为省略句。省略的成分或者是主语，或者是谓语、宾语、介词等等。
四、倒装句
文言中的倒装句，是相对于现代汉语的句序而言的，基于此，我们将文言倒装句式分为宾语前置、定语后置、状语后置、主谓倒装等。宾语前置：所谓宾语前置，就是通常作宾语的成分，置于谓语动词的前面，以示强调。定语后置：通常定语应该放置于中心词的前面，但文言语句中却有很多句子将定语放在中心词之后。介宾短语后置：文言文中，介词结构作状语往往都会置于句后作补语。主谓倒装：这种情况很少，往往是为了表示强烈的感叹。
被动句的语法结构
谓语动词的语态表示句子的主语和谓语动作之间的关系
1）当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主、谓之间的关系称为主动语态；
2）当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态。例如：
I teach English.（主动语态）我教英语。
Our English is taught by him.（被动语态）我们的英语是由他教的。
He speaks English.（主动语态）他说英文。
English is spoken in many countries all over the world.（被动语态）世界许多国家都讲英语。
在被动语态的句子中，谓语部分的结构是be + p.p.（过去分词）。被动语态的句子有时态的变化，这个变化反映在be动词上。也就是说，把一个句子做成被动语态的句子，只需要写出BE动词的所需时态，再加上所给动词的过去分词就行了。当然，这只是指谓语部分而言。我们知道，be动词作为一个独立的谓语动词有自己现在分词（being）和过去分词 （been）。那么，下面我们来看看be在各种时态中的变化形式：
一般现在时 am / is / are
一般过去时 was / were
一般将来时 shall / will + be
过去将来时 would / should + be
现在进行时 am / is / are + being
过去进行时 was / were + being
现在完成时 have / has + been
过去完成时 had + been
说明：1）以上的八个时态可用于被动式，其它没有列举的时态都不宜用于被动语态的句子中。2）另外，表中被斜线隔开的词表示，供根据具体情况作选择。弄清楚了be在各种时态中的变化形式以后，我们就能很轻松地写出被动语态的各种时态了一般来说，在我们日常生活中，能用主动语态的时候就尽量不去用被动语态。
只有在下列情况中我们才用被动语态：
1）不清楚动作的执行者是谁, 例如:
The front window in the classroom was broken yesterday. 昨天，教室的前窗被打破了。
The time-table has been changed .时间表已变动了。
We haven't been informed of it .还没有人通知我们这事儿。
2)说话人对宾语的兴趣大于对主语的兴趣（这时可用by引导出动作的执行者），例如：
My TV set is being repaired in the shop. 我的电视机正在这店里修。
These books are written especially for children. 这些书是专门为孩子们写的。
The song was composed by a young worker. 这首歌是一位年青工人谱写的。
3) 不愿意说出动作的执行者，其目的是为了使语言得体、圆滑等。在这种情况下，有时常用一些句式，如"It is said that…"（据说……），"It is reported that …"（据报道……），"It is rumoured that …"（据传言……）等等。例如：
You are requested to make a speech at next meeting. 请您在下次会议上作个发言。
It is said that she is going to be married to a foreigner. 据说她要嫁给一个外国人。
It is rumored that he has been appointed as successor to the president of our company . 据传闻，他已被任命为我们公司总裁的接班人了。
It is generally considered impolite to ask one's age, salary, marriage, etc.. 问别人的年龄、工资、婚姻状况等通常被认为是不礼貌的。
4) 出于修辞的原因，或是说为了更好地安排句子。例如：
The professor came to our school and warmly welcomed by the teachers and students.（句子的后半句用被动式就可以只安排一个主语。）那位教授来到我校并受到师生们的热烈欢迎。
I went to the party and was asked by my friends to do some cooking for them. （同上）我去参加了那个聚会，朋友们还请我为他们烧了几样菜。
The notion is especially opposed to by those who have invested much in the area.
（此句若选those作主语，就会使主语与谓语相距太远而显得句子松散，因为它的定太长了。）这个提议特别遭到了那些在本地区投资很大的人的反对。
这里我们还要进一步谈谈几种特殊的被动结构。
1）关于带情态动词的被动结构
带情态动词的被动结构的固定句式为"情态动词 + be + 过去分词"。也有个别带"to"的情态动词例外，如：ought to和have to ，它们的被动结构就只能在不定式中。例如：
The debt must be paid off before next month. 那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。
The debt has to be paid off before next month. 那笔债务必须在下个月前付清。
Oil can be turned into energy by burning it. 油经过燃烧可变为能原。
You ought to be criticized for your carelessness. 你由于粗心大意应当受到批评。
2) 关于带有两个宾语的主动态变成被动态
我们先来看看"带有两个宾语的主动态句子的结构"，重点看谓语部分 ：
She sent me a novel on my birthday .
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
I allowed him an hour to finish the work .
主 谓 间接宾语 直接宾语 状语
从上面的分析可以看出，两个宾语分别是：直接宾语和间接宾语。将这种主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，可选两个宾语中的任何一个作为被动态句子的主语，而将另一个宾语作为"保留宾语"写入被动态的句中。但有一点要说明，那就是，如果你选直接宾语作"主语"，有时要在被动态句子的"保留宾语"前加上合适的介词。因为这些动词常有两种句式，即：我们可以说give sb sth , send sb sth , buy sb sth ；我们也可以说give sth to sb, send sth to sb , buy sth for sb 。请看下面两种情况的对照：
She sent me a novel on my birthday. (主动)
I was sent a novel on my birthday. (被动)
A novel was sent to me on my birthday. (被动)
My brother bought me a watch yesterday. (主动)
I was bought a watch yesterday. (被动)
A watch was bought for me by my brother yesterday.(被动)
3)关于带有复合宾语的主动态变成被动态
如果将带有复合宾语（既：宾语 + 宾语补足语）的主动态的句子变成被动态的句子，我们只能选择原来句子的宾语作被动态句子的主语；而这时，原句里的宾语补足语现在就变成被动态句子的"主语补足语"了。例如：
The story made us laugh .(宾语补足语)
We were made to laugh by the story. (主语补足语)
They asked me to help them. (宾语补足语)
I was asked to help them. (主语补足语)
We saw them coming over. (宾语补足语)
They were seen coming over. (主语补足语)
一、 被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse
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