本文目录
什么是被动语态
主动语态与被动语态的区别：
1、在主动语态中，主语后面接人(be +动词原型)，被动语态(be+动词过去分词)，。
主动语态：We use electricity to runmachines. 我们用电力来开动机器。
被动语态：Electricity is used to run machines.电力被我们用来开动机器。
2、在主动语态中，主语是谓语动词的使动方。在被动语态中，主语是谓语动词的受动方。
主动语态：Bell invented the telephone in1876.贝尔于1876年发明了电话。
被动语态：The telephone was invented byBell in1876.电话是贝尔于1876年发明的。
3、在语法结构上，主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于，主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语，然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法；而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语，各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。
主动语态：The snowslide killed him. 雪崩害死了他。
被动语态：He was killed by the snowslide.他死于雪崩。
被动语态的概念、结构及用法
1． 被动语态的构成 由于不及物动词不能带宾语,故无被动语态,只有及物动词或相当于及物动词的动词短语才有被动语态,其基本构成方式是“助动词be＋过去分词”. 注意：“be＋过去分词”结构不一定都是被动语态,有些动词（如 be,feel,look,seem等）后面的过去分词已转化为形容词,用作表语表示状态.
如： My bike is broken．（我的自行车坏了.） The door is open．（门开了.）
2． 主动语态改被动语态的方法 1）将主动语态改为被动语态应注意以下三个方面：①将主动语态的宾语改为被动语态的主语；②将主动语态的谓语动词改为“be＋过去分词”结构；③将主动语态的主语改为介词by之后的宾语,放在谓语动词之后（有时可省略）. 2）含直接宾语和间接宾语的主动语态改为被动语态时有两种情况：①把间接宾语改为被动语态的主语,直接宾语仍保留原位；②把直接宾语改为主动语态的主语,此时,间接宾语前要加介词to或 for.如： He gave the boy an apple．→The boy was given an apple．（或An apple was given to the boy．） Her father bought her a present．→She was bought a present by her father．（或A present was bought for her by her father．） 3）不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语的主动语态,改为被动语态时不定式前要加to.如： They watched the children sing that morning．→The children were watched to sing that morning． 4）带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时,一般把主动语态的宾语改为主语,宾语补足语在被动语态中作主语补足语.如： We call him Xiao Wang．→He is called Xiao Wang． He cut his hair short．→His hair was cut short． They told him to help me．→He was told to help me． 5）短语动词是不可分割的整体,改为被动语态时要保持其完整性,介词或副词不可遗漏.如： We must take good care of the young trees．→The young trees must be taken good care of． 6）含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动结构时,通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语,从句放在句子后面；也可采用另一种形式.可以这样转换为被动结构的动词有know,say,believe,find,think,report等.如： People believe that he is ill．→It is believed that he is ill．（或：He is believed to be ill．）
3． 被动语态改为主动语态的方法： 被动语态中介词by后的宾语改为主动语态中的主语（或按题意要求确定主语）,按照这个主语的人称和数以及原来的时态把谓语动词形式由被动语态改为主动语态.注意在主动语态中有的动词要求不带to的动词不定式作宾语补足语,此时要把被动语态中的to去掉.被动语态的主语用来作主动语态的宾语.如： History is made by the people．?The people make history．
4． 不能用于被动语态的情况 1）某些表示“静态”的及物动词（表示状态而不是动作,而且常常是不可用于进行时态的动词）如have,fit,suit,hold（容纳）,cost, suffer,last（持续）等不能用于被动语态.如： They have a nice car．他们有一辆漂亮的汽车. My shoes don't fit me．我的鞋不合适. My brain can't hold so much information at one time．我的脑子一下子记不住这么多资料. How much ／What does it cost?这值多少钱? Our holiday lasts 10days．我们的假期有十天. This food will last（them）（for）3days．这食物足够（他们）（吃）三天. 2）不是所有带介词的动词都能用于被动结构.若是构成成语动词通常有被动态,若不构成成语动词则无被动态.试比较： They arrived at a decision．?A decision was arrived at．他们作出了决定. They arrived at the station．他们到达车站.（不说：The station was arrived at．） He looked into the question．?The question was looked into．他调查了这个问题. 3）动词leave（离开）,enter（进入）,join（参加）不可用于被动语态.如： The car left the road and hit a tree．车子离开了道路,撞上了树. 4）某些及物动词可作不及物动词用,特别是后加副词（如well, easily等）时.主动语态有被动含义,这类动词常见的有sell,write, wear,wash,cook,open,close,lock,read,record等.如： His new novel is selling well．他的新小说很畅销.The cloth washes well．这布很耐洗. This material won't wear．这种材料不耐穿.His play won't act．他的戏剧不会上演. The window won't shut．这窗关不上.The door won't open．这门打不开. The door won't lock．这门锁不上.This poem reads well．这首诗读来很好. 5）feel,look,appear,sound,taste,smell等由实意动词演变而来的系动词,后接形容词作表语,不可用于被动语态.如： Tell me if you feel cold．你要是感到冷就告诉我. You're looking very unhappy?what's the matter?你看来很不高兴?怎么回事儿? The soup tastes wonderful．这汤味道好极了. Those roses smell beautiful．那些玫瑰好闻极了. She appears to be friendly．她看上去很友好. 6）宾语是不定式或动词的或-ing形式时,不可用于被动语态.如： Peter hoped to meet her．彼得希望遇见她. Mr Smith enjoyed seeing his daughter．史密斯先生喜欢看他的女儿. 7）宾语是反身代词或相互代词时,不可用于被动语态.如： She can dress herself．她可以自己穿衣服. We could hardly see each other in the fog．在雾中我们彼此几乎看不见. 8）宾语是同源宾语时,不可用于被动语态.如： They live a happy life．他们过着幸福的生活. The girl dreamed a sweet dream ．那女孩做了个甜美的梦. 9）宾语带有与主语有照应关系的物主代词时,不可用于被动语态.如： The old man broke his（＝the old man's）legs．那老人把自己的腿弄断了. The girl shook her（＝the girl's）head．那女孩摇了摇头.
5． 某些动词的主动形式表被动含义 英语中有很多动词如act,break,catch,cut,clean,drive,draw, let,lock,open,sell,read,write,wash,wear等,当它们被用作不及物动词来描述主语特征时,其主动形式常用来表达被动含义.另外,像 owe,beat,cook,bake,print,build,make等,有时可以用主动形式表达被动含义.如： This kind of radio doesn't sell well．这种收音机不太畅销. The shop opens at eight o'clock．这个商店八点开门. The pipe does not draw well．这烟斗不太通畅. These plays act wonderfully．这些剧演得好. Kate's book reads like an interesting novel．凯特的这本书读起来像本有趣的小说. 注意：主动表被动强调的是主语的特征,而被动语态则强调外界作用造成的影响.如： The door won't lock．门锁不上.（指门本身有毛病） The door won't be locked．门不会被锁上.（指不会有人来锁门） His novels sell easily．他的小说销路好.（指小说本身内容好） His novels are sold easily．他的小说容易销售.（主要强调外界对小说的需求量大）
6．某些动名词的主动形式表被动含义 1）在need,want,require,deserve和bear等词的后面,动名词用主动形式表示被动含义,其含义相当于动词不定式的被动形式.如： The house needs repairing（to be repaired）．这房子需要修理. My clothes need washing（to be washed）．我的衣服需要洗了. 2）形容词worth后面跟动名词的主动形式表示被动含义,但不能跟动词不定式；而worthy后面跟动词不定式的被动形式.如： The picture-book is well worth reading．（＝The picture-book is very worthy to be read．）这本画册很值得一读. Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worth helping．（＝Such a man as Mr．Smith is not worthy to be helped．）像史密斯先生那样的人不值得帮助. This plan is not worth considering．（＝This plan is not worthy to be considered．）这个计划不值得考虑. 3）某些动词不定式的主动形式表被动含义 a．当nice,easy,fit,hard,difficult,important,impossible,pleasant, interesting等形容词后跟不定式作状语,而句子的主语又是动词不定式的逻辑宾语时,这时常用不定式的主动形式表达被动含义.如： Japanese is not difficult to learn．日语并不难学.（指日语被学） The water is unfit to drink．这水不适合喝.（指水被喝） The piece of music is pleasant to hear．这首音乐听起来很悦耳.（指音乐被听） This book is easy to read．这本书读起来很容易.（指书被读） b．当动词不定式在名词后面作定语,不定式和名词之间有动宾关系时,不定式的主动形式表示被动含义.如： I have a lot of work to do today．我今天有很多工作要做.（work to do指被做的工作） He has three children to look after．他有三个孩子要照看.（children to look after指孩子被照看） 注意：如果以上句型用动词不定式的被动形式,其含义有所区别.如： I have some clothes to be washed．我有些要洗的衣服.（衣服不是自己洗） c．在there be．．．句型中,当动词不定式修饰名词作定语时,不定式用主动或被动式,其含义没有什么区别.如： There is a lot of homework to do（to be done）．有很多家庭作业要做. There are some clothes to wash（to be washed）．有些衣服要洗. 4）由介词for,on,above,under等构成的短语有时可以表达被动含义.如： His paintings will be on show tomorrow afternoon．＝His paintings will be shown tomorrow afternoon．他的油画作品明天下午展出. 5）表示感官意义的连系动词如smell,feel,taste,look,sound等在句子中常表达被动含义.如： How nice the music sounds!这音乐听起来多悦耳! Good medicine tastes bitter．良药苦口. Our school looks more beautiful than before．我们学校看上去比以前更漂亮了.在主动语态中,使让动词(make,have,let)和感官动词(see, look,watch,notice,listen,hear,feel,find)后必省略to,但在被动语态中必须加上to
例:在教室里我们听见他唱了这首歌
we heard him sing this song in the classroom.
he was heard to sing this song by us in the classroom.
希望有用啊~~
被动语态什么意思
俄语动词的语态分为主动语态和被动语态。相对主动语态而言，被动语态强调的是动作的承受者或结果，或使役的对象，或情感所及的事物。在被动语态里，主动语态里的第四格补语和主语，分别转化为主语和第五格的补语，但如果不强调动作的执行者时，第五格的补语常常省略，尤其是在口语中。
被动态的动词的形态标志是，这时的主语往往是非动物名词，如果是动物名词，用得比较少，只有一些特定意义的动词可以用于被动语态。
被动语态的动词一般不用完成体，如果表示完成体的意义，可以用完成体的过去时被动形动词来表示。只有一些描写自然现象的动词，它们的被动态可以用完成体。被动语态的动词也可以有无人称的用法。
被动语态的定义
被动语态
英语的语态是通过动词形式的变化表现出来的。英语中有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。
主动语态表示主语是动作的执行者。
例如：Many people speak Chinese.
谓语：speak的动作是由主语many people来执行的。
被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，即行为动作的对象。例如：Chinese is spoken by many people. 英语English是动词speak的承受者。
1. 定义：被动语态，即不知道动作执行者或强调动作承受者的一种语态。例如中文常说：我被他打，这就是一种被动。但有时由于句子结构上的需要也要用被动，例如It is not unusual for workers in that region to be paid more than a month it 在句中作形式主语。而不定式to be paid more than a month是句子的逻辑主语。结合选项全句的意思是：“那个地方的工人一个多月后才得到工资是常有的事”。
2. 构成：be+past participle(过去分词)(简称P.P.)（+by+动作执行者）（过去分词的概念见上课）
3. 当主动语态要被改成被动的时候，我们把原句的宾语提前，作为改句的主语，主语后置，作为宾语。因此有一点要注意，不及物动词由于不加宾语，没有被动形式，但不及物动词如果与某些介词构成介词短语，可以用被动。例如The fire had been put out before the fireman arrived. Put是不及物动词，但put out是及物动词
4. 应用到各种时态和句型,如下：
① 一般式（一般现在，一般过去，一般将来）：am, is, are, was, were, is going to be , will be+done.ie. Once environmental damage is done, it takes many years for the system to recover. 本句的意思是：“环境一旦遭到破坏，需要多年时间才能恢复过来。”do作为及物动词有“引起，产生”的含义，do damage的意思是“造成破坏”。主语damage是及物动词do的动作对象，谓语应当用被动语态。同样的，还有，I will mend the machine.相当于The machine will be mended （by me）.
②进行时（现在进行、过去进行、将来进行）：be+being+P.P. ie.The classroom is being cleaned.
③ 完成时（现在完成、过去完成、将来完成）：have/has been + P.P.：例如The machine will have been repaired by 3 o’clock this afternoon.再如：My homework has been finished.
④ 其他时态 依词类推，可得到结果。
⑤ 情态动词的被动语态：主语 + 情态动词 + be动词 + 动词过去分词，例如Your teeth must be brushed.
⑥ 不定式的被动语态：to be done例：The no-shows have to be considered when deciding the rate of overbooking.（确定超过接待能力的预定时必须考虑预定了房间却来不了的客人。）
Ⅱ、主动语态变为被动的几个特殊情况
① 有些动词在主动结构中，后面接不带to的不定式，但如果改为被动，则需把省略的to加上，这类动词有 watch, make, help, let和感官动词等，如：The boss made my grandfather work 10hours a day.改成My grandfather was made to work for 10 hours a day.
② 含有宾语从句的主动结构变为被动，通常用it作为被动结构的先行主语，从句放在句子后面/也可采用另一种形式，这类动词有：know, say, believe, find, think, report等
③ 是所有的主动句都可以变换成被动句，更不是所有的被动句都可以自由变换成主动句。虽然语法原则上允许主动和被动句的互相转换，但有的句子转换后会变成不通顺或不地道的英语句子。因此，在某些题目里，这也成为判断应该用主动还是用被动的依据。
例：At 5:05 p.m. on Saturday 19th July , there was an accident at the junction of the Main Street and Panda Road when a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van. The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital where he was treated for shock and a broken arm.
在这段文章里，a boy was knocked down off his bicycle by a delivery van这句被动句强调出读到文章的人最关心的事故的受害者。The boy was sent to St. Maria Hospital这句话则说明了孩子被送到医院的事实，至于是由谁（某个过路人？或肇事司机？）送的不重要。he was treated for shock and a broken arm这句被动句无须说出treat这个动作的发出者，因为在医院，伤病员自然由医务人员处理，无须罗嗦。这样，这段文章就重点突出，条理清楚了。
④ 有些动词可以有两个宾语，在用于被动结构时，可以把主动结构中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面。多是把间接宾语变为主语。这样句子自然些。直接宾语变为主语时，间接宾语要变为某个介词的宾语，介词to可以省略。如His father left him this house.改为This house was left (to) him by his father.
⑤ 有些动词虽为及物，但宾语并非是动作承受者，不能转换，这些动词有have, hold（容纳）,suit, fit, lack, become（适合）contain, cost, last, mean, suffice（足够）等。
⑥ 当直接宾语为反身代词、相互代词或宾语前有指代主语的物主代词时不用被动，如I shook my head.我摇摇头。
⑦ 当宾语为同源宾语（与主句指同一人），动名词，动词不定式或一个从句时不用被动。如John enjoyed seeing the fil,.
⑧ 在一些固定说法中，有些名词和动词结合的固定说法，不能改We Chinese always keep our word.
⑨ 某些从不及物动词转化来的及物动词，直接宾语在表示动作的方式或效果时，这些动词在意思上起状语的作用，没有被动The girl kissed her boyfriend good night=The girl said good night to her boyfriend by kissing him.(这个女孩说了晚安并且亲了他的男朋友）
⑩ 表地点\处所\组织\长度\大小\数量\程度\抽象名词的词做宾语时不用被动.
�7�6 某些“不及物动词+介词”短语,walk into, listen to, sleep in, agree with, shake hands with, belong to, take part in, keep up with不能用被动。
�7�7 某些词用主动表被动：sell, miss, build, grow, look, smell, taste, sound, feel等
一、 被动语态的用法：
1. 一般现在时的被动语态构成：is / am / are + 及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned everyday.
I am asked to study hard.
Knives are used for cutting things.
2. 一般过去时的被动语态构成：was / were + 及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year.
Dinosaur eggs were laid long long ago.
3. 现在完成时的被动语态构成：has / have + been + 及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages.
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries.
4. 一般将来时的被动语态构成：will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city.
Many more trees will be planted next year.
5. 含有情态动词的被动语态构成：情态动词+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often.
Your mistakes should be corrected right now.
The door may be locked inside.
Your homework can be handed in tomorrow.
6. 现在进行时的被动语态构成：am / is / are + being + 及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now.
They are planting trees over there. →
Trees are being planted over there by them.
7. 不定式的被动语态：to + be + 及物动词的过去分词
There are two books to be read. →
There are twenty more trees to be planted.
二、 怎样把主动语态改成被动语态?
把主动语态改为被动语态非常简单，可以遵循以下几个步骤：
1. 先找出谓语动词；
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语；
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语；
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例：1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week.
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning.→The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning.
3. He has written two novels so far.→Two novels have been written by him so far.
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow.→Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow.
5. Lucy is writing a letter now.→A letter is being written by Lucy now.
6. You must lock the door when you leave.→the door must be locked when you leave.
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题：
1. 不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years.
The dinosaurs disappeared about 65 million years ago.
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well.
This new book sells well.
3. 感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式，主动语态中不带to ，但变为被动语态时，须加上to 。
例：make somebody do something→somebody+ be +made to do something
see somebody do something→somebody +be +seen to do something
A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by.→My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by.
The boss made the little boy do heavy work.→The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss.
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时，直接宾语(物)作主语，那么动词后要用介词，这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book.→A book was given to me by him.
He showed me a ticket.→A ticket was shown to me by him.
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father.
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时，动词短语应当看作一个整体，而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh him. →He can’t be laugh by us.
He listens to the radio every day. →The radio is listened to by him every day.
The nurse is taking care of the sick man. →The sick man is being taken care of by the nurse.
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