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高中英语语法填空固定搭配总结
语篇型语法填空备考思路大致有如下特点:
一、给出动词基本形态,填写词性词形转化(转为名词、形容词),或填写谓语部分,可能需要填写两个或三个词,或是填写非谓语动词;
二、给出形容词,需要填写比较级、最高级,或词性词形转化,转化为副词,或是填写反义词(前缀);
三、给出副词,填写比较级、最高级,或是填写反义词;
四、不给提示词,主要填写介词、连词、冠词和代词。
有提示词:考查 谓语动词 非谓语动词 形容词 副词
无提示词:考查 冠词 介词 连词 代词
形容词顺序的:美小圆旧黄,法国木书房。
英语语法填空固定规律为两类 :
一类是纯空格题:填入的词必须为虚词(冠词、代词、介词、连词)。
二类是给定词的适当形式:填入的词必须要跟给定的词想关联。
纯空格题的固定规律:1.在句子中,“______+名词”结构,首先考虑名词是否有冠词或归属性物主代词,如果没有,那么考虑填冠词。如果有,那么考虑如果是andorbut是否可以,这三词前后的形式一致、词性相同。否则考虑介词,因为只有介词才可以在不影响原文意思的前提下,和一个名词构成“介词短语”的形式成为动词或句子的状语。
2.在句子中,“句子,_____+句子”的结构(逗号可有可无),首先考虑wh-words作为各种从句出现的情况,看句子是否有明显的从属关系,常考察的也就是名从、定从,偶尔会出现状从。如果这些都不合适,再考虑四大连词andorbutso,前后俩句子能否构成并列、选择、转折和因果的逻辑关系。(and和or还有个小考点:否定和疑问句中or代替and。)
给定词的固定规律:原则上不会填入原形,除非考察“建议类”动词的从句中省略“should”的虚拟语气。一共考察四类(名词、形容词、动词、副词)
1.给动词:首先考虑动词是否是句子的谓语动词,如果是,那么请考虑谓语动词的适当形式(注意四类助动词do类、have类、will类和be类)分别构成不同的时态语态情态语气和主谓一致。如果不能做谓语动词,再考虑非谓语动词三种形式:todo不定式,doing动名词,doing现在分词和done过去分词。非谓语还不行,那么就要考虑变形了,一般的变形动词向名词变形居多。
2.给名词:首先要考虑名词的单复数问题,再考虑变形,一般向形容词变。
3.形容词、副词:首先考虑比较级和最高级,注意标志词汇than,alittle,much等,再考虑两者词性间互换。
固定规律是这样,但是每一个题型之间,有一些小技巧,比如如何判断句子的谓语动词啊,如果判断名词填在空里不合适呀,都涉及到基础语法。
关于改错题固定规律,原则基本不变,一个小短文中,最容易出错的是动词,其次是名词,再次是形容词副词混用,再有比较难搞的题就是逻辑关系,考得难了容易很难,简单了容易很简单,也是有如上一套“解题算法”的。
总结一下,英语考试,除了词义不知道,那么在语法上考察的内容基本都是考察英语中有而汉语中没有的,这一点是核心考法。
中考英语语法选择题的技巧和23个例题考点总结
英语这个学科虽然需要背的东西比较多,但是他也讲究做题 方法 ;,好的做题方法不仅能让你节约很多时间,还能令孩子做题正确率翻倍!下面是我给大家带来的中考英语语法选择题的技巧和23个例题考点,希望能够帮助到大家!
中考英语语法选择题的技巧和23个例题考点
一、单项选择解题技巧
单项选择题是这些年来中考英语试卷一直采用的一种题型。在英语中考过程中,单项选择的题型虽然比较简单,但是同时,这种题型包含了词汇、固定搭配、词形变化和语法等多方面知识。
一道单项选择题,不再是单独地测试某一知识点,而是将几个知识点综合起来进行能力考查。
初中英语单项选择题的考点主要分布在:名词、动词、形容词、副词、代词、冠词、连词、介词、情态动词;时态、语态;词义辨析、语序、各种不同的从句及交际用语上。
学生如果想在单项选择方面少丢分,甚至不丢分,在掌握基础知识的前提下,还需要掌握一些必要的解题技巧。
先做好以下几个方面:
1.牢记考试需要掌握的单词和固定 短语 ,同时要熟悉单词的词性和词形变化。
2.掌握名词可数与不可数,可数名词的单复数形式。
3.根据上下文正确使用连词。
4.熟练掌握英语中的就近原则和主谓一致原则。
5.掌握介词的使用方法。
6.熟悉日常交际英语。
7.熟悉人称代词的各种形式以及它们所做的 句子 成分。
8.准确使用定冠词和不定冠词。
9.仔细区分 同义词 和同形词。
10.掌握一定数量的固定句式。
11.牢记 动词和介词、副词的固定搭配。
12.熟悉上下语境。
1、直接法
直接利用相关语法知识,通过题干中的已供信息,捕捉到解题线索,从而得出正确答案的解题方法。例:
--Will you come to the net bars(网吧)with me﹖
--Sorry.My mother always tells me______ there.
A. not go
B. go
C. not to go
D. to go
根据句意可知此题考查动词不定式的否定形式,即tell sb. not to do sth.,故此题应选C。
2、关键词法
许多题目中都有这样一些词,它们对于快速而准确地判定答案起着至关重要的作用。我们称这些词为关键词key words。找到句中的关键词,也就找到了解题的突破口,例:
--He hardly hurt himself in the accident,______﹖
A. doesn't he
B. didn't he
C. did he
D. does he
该题中hardly与hurt是起关键词作用的。凡陈述部分含有hardly, never, little, few等否定意义的词时,反意疑问句用肯定形式;而hurt一词的过去式与原形相同,此处hurt未加s,应为过去式。因此本题答案C是正确的。
3、记准固定搭配
My cousin and I often ______ on Sundays.
A. play football
B. play the football
C. plays the football
D. plays football
在本题中,play football是固定短语,play和球类之间没有任何冠词,所以B和C 同时被排除了。主语是my cousin and I,所以play不加s,D也被排除了。只剩下A是准确答案了。
4、牢记动词的固定用法
I like_______very much and I’d like ______with my friends this afternoon.
A. swimming; to swim
B. to swim; swimming
C. swimming; swimming
D swim; to swim
在本题中,考查了两个固定短语,前者是like doing,后者是would like to do,分辨清楚这两个短语结构,就能准确选出A。
5、准确判断所需词性
Is the elephant from___?
A. African
B. Africa
C. Asian
D. Indian
在本题中,from是介词,如果学生能够掌握在英语中介词后面只能使用名词、代词和动名词,就能准确地选出B,因为四个选项中只有B项是名词,其他三项都是形容词。本题没有上下文,不知道大象来自哪个洲,只和词性有关系。词性选对了,答案也就对了。
6、准确使用冠词
Wang Dan is ________ English teacher in ______ university.
A. a; an
B. an; an
C. an; a
D. a; a
在本题中,English第一个音是元音,所以用an;university虽然首字母是元音字母,但是第一个音是辅音,所以它前面应该用a,因此标准答案是C.
7、类推法
如果对题目的备选答案没有十分把握或把握很小,不妨利用"如果A对,那么B也对"的类推法,从而可将A、B予以否定,例:
--Who's the man at the door﹖
--________.
A. He is a doctor
B. He is a friend of mine
C. He is a famous singer
D. He is twenty
仔细分析备选答案就可发现:A、C选项针对的是"职业"。若A是对的,那么C也会是对的。D回答的是年龄。故惟有B才是正确的。
8、准确使用介词
I don’t watch TV____the evening, but I do it____ Saturday evening.
A. on; in
B. on; on
C. in; in
D. in; on
在晚上是in the evening,在周六是on Saturday,在周六晚上使用on Saturday evening,所以本题答案应是D。
9、根据句义,选择连词
I bought my son a birthday present,_____he liked it very much.
A. or
B. but
C. and
D. so
这四个连词,or表示否则,but表示转折,and表示递进和并列,so表示因果。在本题中,我给儿子买了生日礼物,他很喜欢,后者和前者之间应该是递进和并列关系,所以答案是C。
10、熟悉人称代词的各种形态
___is my friend. ________name is Tom.
A. She; Her
B. Her; She
C. He; His
D. His; He
在本题中,通过选项我们能看出,本题考查人称代词的几种形式。第一个横线缺少主语,所以应该是人称代词的主格形式,答案应该在A和C当中,第二条横线缺少一个定语,应该是形容词性的物主代词,A和C的第二个词都是物主代词,关键要看是男是女了,后面出现了Tom,是个男孩名字,所以答案是C。
11、仔细分辨同义词
His_____are very fine.
A. home
B. house
C. family
D. room
在本题中,四个选项都是“家”。但是它们侧重点不同。home表示“家”,指一家人共同生活的地方;house 指“住宅”;room指“房间”;family指“家人”。能够身体好的只能是家人,所以答案是C.
12、前后照应法
此方法多用于两个以上句子或对话形式命题的题目。解题前透彻理解,然后联系上下文,捕捉隐含信息,方能准确找出答案,例:
-- He isn't a teacher, is he?
--_____. He works in a hospital.
A. Yes, he is
B. No, he isn't
C. Yes, He isn't
D. No, he is
本题考查否定句的反意疑问句的回答。由后半句的回答,我们知道"他"的身份不是教师;对反意疑问句的回答要根据实际情况。因此应选择的是B。
13、排除法
根据题干提供的信息,先把一眼就看出的干扰项排除,缩小选择范围,然后将剩余的选项填入空白处进行检验,辨别真伪,例:
The girl asked the teacher_____.
A. what does the museum looks like
B. what did the museum look like
C.what the museum looks like
D. what the museum looked like
本题主要考查宾语从句中的语序及时态的对应关系。主句动词是过去时,从句的谓语动词也应是过去时的某种时态,故A、C被排除。而B中有词序错误,所以D为正确答案。
14、准确掌握就近原则
Neither she nor I ____there last week.
A. was
B. were
C. am
D. are
在英语中就近原则,是指谓语和靠近的名词和代词(有时不一定是主语),在“人称、数”上一致。如there be+句型; or; either ...or; nor; neither...nor; whether...or; not...but; not only...but also等,在这些句型中,往往使用就近原则。在本题中,距离谓语最近的主语是I,所以谓语要和I保持一致,本题有明显的时间状语last week,所以答案应是A。
15、抓住关键句型
He hasn’t got ____apples____bananas.
A. some; or
B. any; or
C. some; and
D. any; and some
用于肯定句中,any用于否定句中;and用于肯定句中,or用于否定句中,在本题中,题干是否定句,所以答案是B。
二、单选题解题误区
思维定势,指的是我们习惯性的 思维方式 。大家在做题时往往会受固定搭配,习惯用法等思维方式的影响,凭着 经验 或感觉快速解题。
当然,这有利于提高解题速度,但有时也会把学生的思维引向“歧路”。现举例分析,以引起大家注意。如:
1.Shanghai is larger than ___________ city in Jiangsu.
A.any
B.any other
C.other
D.one
仔细分析该题,就会发现本句中两个比较的双方Shanghai和Jiangsu是“相互不包含”关系。此句实际是Shanghai与Jiangsu的任一个城市进行比较,故选A。
2.There are a lot __________ apples in this basket than in that one.
A.most
B.more
C.of
D.much
此题学生往往会受短语a lot of的影响而选C,仔细研读该题则会发现此句是一个比较句型,句中的a lot实际上是用来修饰比较级的,该题的正确答案为B。
3.What did you ___________ at the meeting yesterday?
A.speak
B.tell
C.say
D.talk
这道题学生一看会根据“在会上发言,speak at the meeting”这一短语而选A。实际上这一句的意思是“你昨天在会上讲什么了?”疑问词what在句中作动词say的宾语,指说的内容,故选取答案C。
4.The bus is coming.Let's___________.
A.get it on
B.get it off
C.get on it
D.get it off
此题容易受“动词+副词”短语的影响,把代词放在此结构的中间,而选答案A。表示上/下车时,此时on/off是介词,需要把代词放在on/off的后面,所以答案为C。
5.I'd heard a lot _________England.Some things were as I thought.
A.of
B.about
C.to
D.for
此题表面一看很简单,根据短语a lot of 选答案A。再看看句意,“我听说许多英国”,则发现正确答案为B,意为“听到很多有关英国的情况,有些正如我想的一样”。
6.--Must I finish the work before five o'clock?
--No.You ___________ finish it before eight.
A.mustn't
B.needn't
C.can't
D.can
对must引导的一般疑问句否定回答常用No,you needn't.结构。但细细分析本句,就可以从标点看出No和它后面的部分实为两个句子,结合句意,可知答案为D。
7.Can you_____ it in English?
A.speak
B.say
C.tell
D.talk
一看到English,就联想到讲语言用动词speak,而选答案A。此题实际上是“你会用英语表达它吗?”此时in English译为“用英语”,在句子中作方式状语,而it是say的宾语。因此选C。
8.There ________a film tomorrow evening.
A.will have
B.have
C.is going to be
D.has
此句意思很明显,“明天晚上有电影”。“有”易受汉语影响而选答案A。实际上本句应用There be句型。
1. 中考英语语法题型大攻略
2. 中考英语语法填空答题技巧
3. 2020中考指导:英语考场上的做题策略
4. 英语语法填空答题技巧解题攻略
5. 8个实用中学英语语法填空解题技巧
高考英语语法填空考点总结
根据多年辅导英语高考经验可知语法填空分两大类:
一、给词汇的填空题,主要给动词,考查谓语动词时态、语态;考查非谓语动词形式及语法功能。其次,给形容词和副词。
二、不给词汇填空题,主要考查冠词、介词、代词、连词和情态动词。
高中英语语法填空知识点总结
语法填空是高中英语试题里面的题型之一,那么你知道高中英语语法填空知识点有哪些吗?下面由我为大家整理的高中英语语法填空知识点,希望大家喜欢!
高中英语语法填空知识点
考点一:冠词:无提示词、可数名词单数之前
1. There once were a goat and a donkey…. So the farmer killed [40]__________ goat and gave the donkey medicine made from its heart.
2.When I see a child subject to this kind of pressure, I think of Donnie. He was [35]________ shy , nervous perfectionist.
3. …the head of the village was tying up his horse to my car to pull it to small town some 20 kilometers away
[解题技巧] 下列情况很可能:填不定冠词:
(1)________+可数名词(单数);
(2)________+形容词+可数名词(单数)。
下列情况下很可能填:定冠词:
(1)________ (+定语)+名词+ of等介词短语(表示特指);
(2)________ (+定语)+名词+定语从句(表示特指);
(3)________ (+定语)+名词+不定式短语或分词短语(表示特指)。
考点二:介词:无提示词、注意搭配问题
与名词相连构成介宾短语担任状语,补语等
与不及物动词构成动词短语接宾语
1、In short, I believe that it is [39]________ great use to keep a dairy in English… 2. When I took the money from her grandparents, I looked back [34]_________the girl, who was giving me the most optimistic, largest smile I had ever seen.
3. She found some good quality pipes_________ sale.
4. He was very tired _______________ doing this for a whole day…
考点三:代词:无提示词
作主语用主格,作宾语用宾格,注意形容词词性和名词性物主代词的区别。
指示代词(it和this),不定代词,it用作引导词,反身代词等
1. She remembered how difficult _________ was to choose a suitable Christmas present for her father.
2. When the time came for me to say goodbye to my friends in my village, I wanted to reward the old woman for the trouble I had caused _____ .
3. It has been said before, but experiencing it myself has made _____ want to say it again: a smile…
[解题技巧]
因句子的主语或宾语主要由名词、代词、动名词或不定式等充当,而名词、动名词或不定式等实词通常会放在有提示词的空格中考查,所以纯空格所填词在句子中作主语或宾语时,通常填代词,包括人称代词、指示代词、不定代词、名词性物主代词、疑问代词、反身代词(不能作主语)等。在名词前作定语就只能用形容词性物主代词了。
考点四:连词或从句引导词:无提示词、两个主谓结构连接
1. It was not long [39]_________ the waitress came back and then she began to wipe down the table and suddenly was surprised at what she saw.
2. But nothing changed until midterm, [39]_________ Mary Anne, a student teacher, was appointed to our classroom.
3. Jane paused in front of a counter ______ some attractive ties were on display.
4. One day, he came up with an idea _____ he would pluck up all of his crop a few inches.
[解题技巧]
(1)连接两个功能对等的单词或短语时,应填并列连词and, or, but等。
(2)若两个句子(有两个主谓结构)之间,没有句号或分号,也没有连词,那空格处必定是填连接词,否则,句子结构就不完整。
根据两句之间的意义和逻辑关系,或者根据句式结构,确定是并列句(多要求考生填and, but, while, when, or等)还是某种主从复合句。然后根据各类从句的特点,结合连接词的意义和用法,确定填具体的某个连词。
考点五:谓语动词:有提示词、与主语构成主谓结构
1. I was certain she would like it because I _______ (tell) by my classmates that she loved hot food.
2. His fear of failure ________ (keep) him from classroom games that other children played with joyous abandon.
3. Being too anxious to help an event develop often ________ (result) in the contrary to our intention.
1. Do you want to know why we _____ (move) last year?
2. It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climbers __________ . ( rescue )
考点六:非谓语动词:有提示词、除谓语动词以外的动词形式
1. We must also consider the reaction of the person [32]__________ (receive) the gift. 2. …I then noticed that I had just 10 minutes left ____________ (complete) the rest! 3. My pupils, Donnie [40]__________ (include), adored her.
4. She wished that he was as easy _________ (please) as her mother, who was always delighted with perfume.
考点七:词性转换:有提示词
介词,冠词,所有格后接名词,形容词修饰名词,副词修饰形容词动词或整个句子
1. ―Thirty-five cents,‖ she said [36]__________ (rude).
2. As far as I am concerned, my [37] ____________ (suggest) is that we should always have a notebook and a Chinese-English within easy reach.
3. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their _______ (nature) course.
4. ____________ (doubt), although there is still room for improvement to this policy, I think it is still a good one which brings more good than harm to the students and the nation.
考点八:形容词的级别:有提示词 通常,有表示范围的in /of介词短语或形容词前有the时,一般要用最高级;than的前面一定要用比较级
1、One of the [33]__________ (bad) gift choices I ever made was for my high school English teacher…
2. … We were both laughing the whole time at our complete inability to communicate in words.
When it was time to leave, I said ―thank you‖ in Korean, using some of the few words I had
learned. I felt __________ (lonely) than I had expected that night.
英语语法填空考真题演练
副词
1、常考结构:
(1)be+副词+ done,如be (official)given…
(2)动词+名词+副词,如we take short breaks (regular).
give out that heat (slow)…
(3)连词+副词+动词,如which (gradual) turned into chopsticks.
(4)名词/代词+副词+动词,如it (actual) caught fire…
the crowd of strangers (sudden) became…
it (regular) arranges…
2、考法:形变副
3、考过的单词:actually (actual), suddenly (sudden), slowly(slow), earlier/before, officially (official), regularly (regular), gradually(gradual)
连词
(1)考法:并列连词 and , or 从属连词(定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句)
(2)考过的连词:
①2次考查and,如 There were many people waiting at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious…
…Korea, and Vietnam…
②or,如:a few days or even a few months
③4次考查定语从句连词,如
…show in the mid-1980s, when I was the first Western TV reporter…
…Confucius, who lived from roughly 551 to 479 B.C.
…the Li River that/which are pictured by…
…a habit that/which is driving…
④how+副词或形容词,如 …figured out exactly how thick the adobe walls needed to be…
⑤as 形容词/副词 as,如:…be as productive as possible before lunch.
"随着"或"当……时", 如As/When the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces…
动词
(1)考法:涉及主谓一致、时态、语态、非谓语。简称一致二态三非
(2)考过的动词:其中提示词be出现5次,make 出现2次,use 出现2次。
①动词原形,如…make(make)sure it’s a relief…
②第三人称单数,如:This cycle goes (go) day after day.
③过去式, 如:…when I arrived (arrive) in Yangshuo…
A boy on a bike caught (catch) my attention.
④Be动词考查,如:
Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be)often acceptable.
Confucius believed knives would remind people of killings and were (be) too violent…
It was (be) unimaginable…
Yangshuo is (be) really beautiful.
⑤被动语态:如 …I was allowed(allow)to get up close to…
Truly elegant chopsticks might be made (make) of…
⑥现在分词:主要位于介词或后接doing的动词之后,如…will include introducing(introduce)British visitors…
Still, the boy kept riding (ride).
People probably cooked their food in large pots, using (use) twigs (树枝) to remove it.
without using (use) electric equipment
…worried about being (be) late for school.
…for people living (live) in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
⑦过去分词作后置定语。如:
I was the first Western TV reporter permitted(permit)…
A study of travelers conducted (conduct) by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo…
The adobe dwellings (土坯房) built (build) by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired…
⑧不定式,表目的或用于固定结构中(It took years of work to do; refuse to do, be+形容词+to do , be likely to do),如:
…you’ll be less likely to bring(bring)your work home.
Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal to create (create) special designs.
…are now cold enough to cool (cool) the house…
It took years of work to reduce (reduce) the industrial pollution…
…but he refused to stop (stop)…
⑨助动词用于疑问句, 如“ Did anyone lose a suitcase at the last stop?”
名词(2014年全国II卷没考)
(1)名词考查结构:
①冠词(the)+名词+动词(be);
②形容词性物主代词(their)/形容词(top/many/few/recent)+名词;
③冠词(the)+名词+介词(of);
④介词(of)+名词:
(2)考查方式及考过单词:
①名词单数变复数【changes(change), paintings (painting),studies(study)】
②动词变名词单数【achievement (achieve),development(develop),attraction (attract)】
③形容词变名词【ability (able)】
形容词(2015年全国I卷,2016全国I卷、II卷没考)
(1)主要考查:形容词作定语修饰名词,形容词作表语
(2)形容词考查结构及考过的单词:
①比较级,如…greater (great) and less importance.
…is cleaner (clean) than ever.
②名词变形容词:
如:natural (nature) architects
Just be patient (patience).
③分词作形容词【过去分词(修饰人)作表语、现在分词(修饰物)作定语】,如:
…amazing (amaze) stories…
…some of them looked very anxious and disappointed(disappoint)…
介词(2014年全国I卷没考)
(1)主要是考查固定搭配,其中to 出现了2次
to (next to , go back to)
by (by bus)
at (at the same time)
on (focus on)
with (eat with hands)
冠词(2014年全国II卷,2015年全国I卷,2016年全国III卷没考)
(1)the出现3次:the (2次后接most, 1次后接other)
(2)a (for a while)
代词(2014年全国I卷,2015年全国II卷, 2016年全国II卷,2016年全国III卷没考)
(1)its出现2次:
作定语 如…its (it) mother…
…with its (it) choking smog…
(2)作表语 如:“Oh dear! It’s me/mine (I).”
高中英语语法填空解题方法
冠词
名词前设空必须假设是否填入冠词,可翻译成“这,那,这些”符合逻辑的,尽量回避this,that,these等。应该填冠词。固定搭配除外。还有,序数词,形容词最高级前更要注意填冠词。
名词
名词复数。
1.前面有很多数量词时,one of,many,several,a few,both,dozens of等,必须用复数。
2.谓语动词是复数,必用复数。
3.后文出现they之类的复数名词暗示。
4.可数名词无限定词修饰。用复数
代词
主I宾me分场合,动介之后用宾格。
名前用my,单独mine,主宾相同要反身。
形容词,副词
比较级形式要看清楚,动词用副词修饰。副词可在动词前也可以在后。
只能接原级:
very,quite,pretty,too,enough,so,as,more,less,most
介词
介词固定搭配比较多。后出现动词,动词改用动名词形式。后出现人称代词应该写成宾格形式。
动词
时态,语态,单复数,语气四方面考虑。通常要看整篇文章的时态。
主动语态被动语态分清楚,确定单复数。是情态动词吗?是要做假设吗?
介词后加动名词。注意非谓语动词。(要区别动名词和现在分词请私信!)
连词
1.利用翻译。
2.利用逻辑关系。because so although but or and
as before
3.利用句型,短语,固定搭配
neither……nor…… either…or… 等
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