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英语阅读理解题判断文章出处
英语阅读理解题怎么判断作者的态度？阅读理解都会至少有一道考作者对某问题看法或者态度的题目，这类题目首先大家要对选项中的态度词进行辨析，如果连这几个态度词都不认识的话，别谈做题了。其次就是对文章主旨进行把握，文章的主旨就是作者要表达的内容，从而作者的态度也会包含在其中。
一．情感态度题的词语选项
1．褒义词
impartial（公正的）
rewarding（有回报的）
appreciative (欣赏的)
positive (肯定的, 积极的)
optimistic (乐观的)
useful (有用的, 有益的)
admiring (赞赏的, 钦佩的)
interesting (有趣的)
instructive (有益的, 教育性的)
enthusiastic (热心的, 热情的)
supportive (支持的)
support(支持)
approval (赞成, 承认)
approving (满意的)
onfident (自信的, 确信的)
impressed (留下印象的)
reverent (尊敬的)
polite (有礼貌的, 文雅的)
2．贬义词
apprehensive(担忧的)
hostile (敌对的)
dubious(怀疑的)
intolerant (不能容忍的)
negative (否定的, 消极的)
pessimistic (悲观的, 厌世的)
subjective (主观的, 个人的)
disappointed (失望的)
frustrated (失败的, 落空的)
critical (批评的）
questioning (质疑的)
doubtful (可疑的, 不确的)
compromising (妥协的)
dissatisfied (不满意的, 不高兴的)
biased (有偏见的)
satirical (讽刺的)
puzzling (迷惑的)
suspicious (怀疑的)
gloomy (令人沮丧的)
scared (恐惧的)
cynical (愤世嫉俗的)
oppose (反对)
opposition (反对)
disgust (令人反感)
disgusting (令人厌恶的)
worried (闷闷不乐的)
depressed (沮丧的)
contemptuous (轻蔑的, 侮辱的)
arbitrary/opinionated (武断的)
3．中性词
analytical (分析的)
apathetic (缺乏兴趣的)
concerned (关心的)
cautious (谨慎的, 小心的)
neutral (中性的)
objective (客观的)
impartial (公平的, 不偏不倚的)
indifferent (无关紧要的)
impassive (冷漠的)
detached (超然的，不偏不倚的)
unconcerned (不关心的)
uninterested (不感兴趣的)
humorous (滑稽的, 诙谐的)
disinterested (无私的)
sensitive (敏感的)
factual (事实的, 实际的)
informative (提供资讯的)
persuasive (说服的)
personal (个人的)
formal (正式的)
informal (非正式的)
casual (偶然的)
二．情感态度题常见出题位置
1．直接表达作者或者其他人态度的句子。
2．一些感情色彩较浓的词语，尤其是形容词、动词和副词等。
3．首段和末段。
4．出现转折的地方，如nevertheless, however, but, yet等。
5．文章中一些情态动词后面的内容，这些情态动词有should, shouldn’t, must, mustn’t等。
三．情感态度题正确答案选项的特点
1．很多情况下，作者只是在客观描述一种现象或是一个观点，所以objective作为正确选项的频率极高。
2．一般来说，indifferent不会是正确选项，因为作者如果对一个事件漠不关心、就不会专门撰文。另外，像cynical, disgust, desperate等词语如果出现也不会是正确选项，因为一般考研阅读理解所选的'文章不会带有如此强烈的情感，如谩骂、攻击等。
3．如果作者开篇就提出了一个观点，而全文中有没有转折和对比的内容，一般来说作者对这个观点持支持态度。
4．如果作者开篇提出一个观点或者引述了别人的观点，而后文出现重要的转折，对上述观点进行批评后者否定，那么作者自己的观点往往与开头提出的观点相反。
5．如果选项中出现了一对反义词，那么正确答案往往是这对反义词中的一个，考生可以忽略其余两个选项。
6．总结历年的文章，我们发现在关于社会科学和人文科学的文章中，一般来说如果作者都会有支持的态度；在关于自然科学的文章中，作者的态度则经常是objective, analytical等。
四．情感态度题干扰答案选项的特点
1．选项没有体现作者的观点，甚至是相反的意思。
2．选项中张冠李戴，把别人的观点放到了作者头上，或者把作者的观点放到了别人的头上，要加以区分。
3．上文中提到的indifferent 及其同义词和近义词等，以及包含强烈情感的词语。
五．情感态度题解题方法
1．找到直接表述作者态度的句子，对应相应的选项。
2．如果没有明确表述态度的句子，则从文章的字里行间把握文章的整体基调。
3．注意不要混淆自己的态度和作者的态度，也不要混淆作者的态度和文中其他人的态度。
高考英语高级词汇
积极positive 消极negative 乐观optimistic 自信self-confident 主观的subjective 客观的objective 悲观 pessimistic 怀疑的doutful 中立的neutral 反对to be against 支持support……
高中生英语阅读常见单词特别是形容词还是副词
高中英语语法大全之形容词和副词 形容词及其用法 形容词修饰名词，说明事高考资源网物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot 热的。2)叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。（错）He is an ill man.（对）The man is ill.（错）She is an afraid girl.（对）The girl is afraid. 这类词还有： well，unwell，ill，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要放在这些词之后，例如：something nice w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 以-ly结尾的形容词 1） 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively，ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。改错：(错） She sang lovely.（错） He spoke to me very friendly.（对） Her singing was lovely.（对） He spoke to me in a very friendly way.2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词。 daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early The Times is a daily paper.The Times is published daily. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 用形容词表示类别和整体 1） 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接。如：the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry The poor are losing hope.2） 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用。 the British，the English，the French，the Chinese.The English have wonderful sense of humor. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --出处--材料性质，类别--名词 a small round table a tall gray building a dirty old brown shirt a famous German medical school an expensive Japanese sports car典型例题:1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys.A.little two otherB. two little otherC.two other littleD.little other two答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) --性质--名词"的公式可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。2)One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stoneC. old stone ChineseD. Chinese stone old答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.A. few last sunnyB. last few sunnyC. last sunny fewD. few sunny last答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照下表：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+those + three + beautiful + large + square新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词old + brown + wood + table w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 副词及其基本用法 副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。一、副词的位置：1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。 We could see very clearly a strange light ahead of us.b. 方式副词well，badly糟、坏，hard等只放在句尾。He speaks English well.二、副词的排列顺序：1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。Please write slowly and carefully.3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。改错：(错)I very like English. (对)I like English very much.注意：副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。 I don't know him well enough. There is enough food for everyone to eat. There is food enough for everyone to eat. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 兼有两种形式的副词 1) close与closelyclose意思是"近"； closely 意思是"仔细地"He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2)late 与lately late意思是"晚"； lately 意思是"最近"You have come too late.What have you been doing lately?3)deep与deeply deep意思是"深"，表示空间深度；deeply时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地"He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved by the film.4)high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于muchThe plane was flying high.I think highly of your opinion.5)wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是"广泛地"，"在许多地方"He opened the door wide.English is widely used in the world.6)free与freelyfree的意思是"免费"；freely 的意思是"无限制地"You can eat free in my restaurant whenever you like.You may speak freely; say what you like. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 形容词与副词的比较级 大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1) 规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。 构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词未尾加-er,-esttall(高的) great(巨大的)tallergreatertallestgreatest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnice(好的)large(大的)able（有能力的）nicerlargerablernicestlargestablest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er，-estbig(大的)hot (热的)biggerhotterbiggesthottest"以辅音字母+y"结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-esteasy(容易的)busy(忙的)easierbusiereasiest busiest少数以-er，-ow结尾的双音节词未尾加-er，-estclever(聪明的)narrow(窄的)cleverernarrowercleverestnarrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级。important(重要的)easily(容易地)more importantmore easilymost importantmost easily 2) 不规则变化 原级比较级最高级good(好的)well(健康的)betterbestbad (坏的)ill(有病的)worseworstold (老的)older/elderoldest/eldestmuch/many(多的)moremostlittle(少的)lessleastfar (远的)farther/furtherfarthest/furthest w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m as+形容词或副词原级+as 1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so… as。He cannot run so/as fast as you.2）当as… as 中间有名词时采用以下格式。as +形容词+ a +单数名词as + many/much +名词 This is as good an example as the other is. I can carry as much paper as you can..3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。This room is twice as big as that one.Your room is the same size as mine.4) 倍数+ as + adj. + as<=> 倍数+ then + ofThis bridge is three times as long as that one.This bridge is three times the length of that one.Your room is twice as large as mine.Your room is twice the size of mine. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 比较级形容词或副词+than You are taller than I.They lights in your room are as bright as those in mine.注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。 (错) He is more cleverer than his brother. (对) He is more clever than his brother. (对) He is clever than his brother.2）要避免将主语含在比较对象中。 (错) China is larger that any country in Asia. (对) China is larger than any other countries in Asia.3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。The population of Shanghai is larger than that of Beijing.It is easier to make a plan than to carry it out.4）要注意冠词的使用，后有名词的时候，前面才有可能有名词。比较：Which is large, Canada or Australia? Which is the larger country, Canada or Australia? She is taller than her two sisters. She is the taller of the two sisters. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 可修饰比较级的词 1）a bit, a little, rather, much, far, by far, many, a lot, lots, a great deal, any, still, even等2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词(除by far)外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。典型例题:1）---- Are you feeling ____? ---- Yes，I'm fine now.A. any wellB. any betterC. quite good D. quite better答案：B. any 可修饰比较级，quite修饰原级，well的比较级为better. 2）The experiment was____ easier than we had expected.A.moreB.much more C.muchD.more much答案：C.much可修饰比较级，因此B，C都说得通，但easier本身已是比较级，不需more，因此C为正确答案。3）If there were no examinations, we should have ___ at school.A. the happiest timeB. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD.a much happier time答案：D。 w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m many, old和far 1) 如果后接名词时， much more +不可数名词many more +可数名词复数2) old 有两种比较级和最高级形式: older/oldest 和elder/eldest。 elder，eldest 只用于兄弟姐妹的长幼关系。My elder brother is an engineer.Mary is the eldest of the three sisters.3) far 有两种比较级，farther，further. 在英语中两者都可指距离。在美语中，father 表示距离，further表示进一步。I have nothing further to say. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m the+最高级+比较范围 1) The Sahara is the biggest desert in the world.形容词最高级前通常必须用定冠词 the，副词最高级前可不用。形容词most前面没有the，不表示最高级的含义，只表示"非常"。It is a most important problem. =It is a very important problem.注意： 使用最高级要注意将主语包括在比较范围内。(错)Tom is the tallest of his three brothers.(对)Tom is the tallest of the three brothers.2) 下列词可修饰最高级，by far, far, much, mostly, almostThis hat is nearly / almost the biggest.注意：a.very可修饰最高级，但位置与much不同。This is the very best.This is much the best.b.序数词通常只修饰最高级。Africa is the second largest continent.3) 句型转换： Mike is the most intelligent in his class. Mike is more intelligent than any other students in his class.4) "否定词语+比较级"，"否定词语+ so… as"结构表示最高级含义。Nothing is so easy as this.=Nothing is easier than this.=This is the easiest thing. w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m 和more有关的词组 1) the more… the more…越……就越……The harder you work，the greater progress you'll make.2) more B than A与其说A不如说Bless A than B He is more lazy than slow at his work.= He is less slow than lazy at his work.3) no more… than… 与……一样……，不比……多The officials could see no more than the Emperor.no less… than…与……一样……He is no less diligent than you.4) more than不只是，非常She is more than kind to us all.典型例题1）The weather in China is different from____.A. in AmericaB. one in AmericaC. America D. that in America 答案：D. 本题意为"中国的天气比美国热。"比较的是天气而不是国家，C不能选。A没有名词，后句成分不全，排除。B和D中，B中的one常用来代替可数名词，而that可车以代替不可数或抽象名词，所以选D。2）After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced ___ tractors in 1988 as the year before. A. as twice manyB. as many twiceC. twice as manyD. twice many as 答案C. 此句意为"这个厂1988能生产的拖拉机是往年的两倍"。 表示倍数用"倍数+ as + 形容词原形+ as +比较对象"的句型。所以此句答案为C。This ruler is three times as long as that one w.w.w.k.s.5.u.c.o.m
如何做高考英语阅读理解推断题及答案
根据近几年高考英语推断题的考查情况，本文拟就对隐含意义的推断、作者观点的推断、写作目的推断以及材料出处的推断等四种典型的推断题类型进行分析。
一、如何推断隐含意义
1.推断隐含意义的提问方式 It can be inferred from the text that . according to…, we can infer that . From the text we know that …is most likely . When the writer talks about …, what the writer really means is . The writer suggests that . The story implies that . We can infer [conclude] from the passage that . 这类题干中通常常含有infer, suggest, imply, conclude, intend, purpose, be likely to…等标志性词语。
2. 干扰项的设置特点 在通常情况下，这类试题的干扰项具有以下特点：或是文章中直接用于表达细节的信息，或是文章中无关紧要或片面推出的结论，或是与文章内容完全相反的结论，或是不合常理或不合逻辑的结论等。
3. 答题误区 同学们在做类题目时，很容易误选文段中直接用于表达信息的选项或表示片面结论的选项。
4. 技巧点拨 一是要全面分析所有相关信息，切忌片面思考，得出片面结论。二是要忠实原文，切忌脱离原文，凭空臆断。三是注意不要选择表层信息答案，应该立足由已知推断未知。
5. 实例分析(江西卷)
A stronger argument comes from research into school results. Girls grow up earlier than boys, tend to be more orderly and are likely to be better at languages. In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker. Certainly in the UK this situation has greatly alarmed(惊动) the government for it to be encouraging co-educational schools to have some single-sex classes. In the UK the best schools are all single-sex, strongly suggesting that co-education is not the best answer. This may, however, not be as simple as it looks. It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools. ●At the end of the passage the writer suggests that ________. A. single-sex schools are the best schools in the UK B. being single-sex does not necessarily make a school better C. co-educational schools are better for both sexes in personal development D. because boys cannot compete with girls in study, they go to single-sex schools
【解题思路分析】答案选 B。
作者在罗列In a mixed class, boys who might do well in a single-sex class become discouraged and take on the rule of troublemaker和In the UK the best schools are all single-sex等事实后，得出了It may simply be that the famous old schools that attract the best students happen to be single-sex, rather than that being single-sex makes them better schools这个结论。要做对上面这道题，正确理解文章末尾这句结论性的句子至关重要。这里尤其要注意句中的rather than这个关键性词语，它的意思是“而不是”，用于否定或排除其后引出的内容。故只有选项B最合适。
二、如何推断作者观点
1. 提问方式 The writer’s attitude toward… is______. The writer thought that______. according to the author ______.
2. 干扰选项 此类试题的干扰项通常具有以下特点：或是自己的某种看法或观点，或是社会的一种普遍种倾向，或是与本文无关或与作者相反的观点或看法等。
3. 答题误区 容易误选与自己的看法相吻合的选项。
4. 技巧点拨 注意作者在文中的措辞，尤其是表达感情色彩的形容词、副词、动词及所举的例子，才能推断出作者的弦外之音。
5. 实例分析(江西卷) Just as crying can be healthy, not crying—holding back tears of anger, pain or suffering—can be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, don’t fight it. It’s a natural—and healthy—emotional response(反应). ●according to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.
【解题思路分析】答案选B。
作者在文章中说Studies show that too much control can lead to high blood press, heart problems and other illnesses，即过多地忍住情感(如忍住不哭等)有可能会导致健康问题。
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