本文目录
初一英语语法
stop to do是停下来去做另一件事
stop doing是停止做当前的事
forget to do是忘记将要做而没做的事
forget doing是忘记了已经做过的事
语法怎么说呢，是个只可意会，不可言传的，上课把老师讲的掌握好，你可以订阅一下英语杂志，英语周报不错，多看一些英文电影，比枯燥的语法更容易让人接受，我们在平常的读，看英语中，不知不觉就有进步了，当然这些你要坚持住，有条件的话，还是建议你报班，新东方的不错！
当看到一个英语语句时的英文
1. 应该讲一个句子的每一个部分都可以是语法点,但是考试的时候一个句子可能只靠你一个点.比如：I am sorry for being late. 这个句子的语法点可以是am (区别于is, are),这个显然非常简单；也可以是for, 与sorry的固定搭配；也可以是being late,介词后面用动名词做介词宾语.等等.
2. 从上面看出,我们对句子的熟悉程度,以及我们的水平程度决定我们对语法点的理解.如我们在初学的时候,可能只要掌握I am这个点就行了.但是到了中学可能就要掌握for being late之类.
3. 平时你感觉难的点,可能就是老师要考的语法点.
英语 指代不清的语法问题有哪些
分析一个句子，要从含义和语法两方面进行。语法是死的，只能作为普遍规律来看，而人是智慧的，是可以对一个句子的含义进行灵活理解的。有些句子单看语法或许有点问题，但是并不影响理解。
1. 这个句子当中，乍一看，这个they似乎既可以指代girls又可指代parents，似乎是指代不明。但注意到，they 后面的谓语是“ignore”，根据这个谓语的含义，很明显，只能是说，很多父母有可爱的女儿，尽管他们不一定能意识到（为表达通顺，“ignore”意译为“不能意识到”）。而如果认为they指代girls，则无法找到合适的理解。或许你会说，可以理解成“很多女孩意识不到她们自己漂亮”，但如果这样理解，那么这句话就是在描述女孩们的一种心理，又何必要提到“parents”？所以they只能指代parents
2.第二句就有点问题了，从语法上是没有错的，但是，stay with each other可以有很多种理解，是父亲和母亲喜欢互相呆在一起，还是女儿们喜欢在一起，还是父母们和女儿们喜欢呆在一起，也就是这里的they指代不明，也导致each other的指代不明。所以这一句指代是有问题的
3.这一句比较明显了，是没有问题的。毕竟go to school应该是girls的行为，所以这里的they一定是指代girls
4.这一句绝对不存在指代问题，因为前半句里面只有一个名词可以被they指代，也就是people。至于前半句中其余的名词：happiness, part, life，首先讲他们都是单数形式，绝对不能被they指代，所以这一句里they只能指代people。
至于你最后的问题，就如我一开始说的，分析句子是个综合的过程。通常来讲，代词指代什么名词，往往是通过含义来区别的，语法上并没有对这个方面的规定。所以，主要在于理解这个句子所要表达的意思，如果发现用不同名词代替代词都可以得出一个很合理的理解，那么这个句子的指代就不明显了。
九年级英语语法知识点归纳总结
如何学好语法知识是值得每个学生深刻思考和体会的。接下来是我为大家整理的 九年级英语 语法知识点整理归纳，希望大家喜欢!
九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳一
一、过去完成时与现在完成时的区别
现在完成时表示的动作发生在过去，以现在的时间为基点，但侧重对现在产生的结果或造成的影响，与现在有关，其结构为“助动词 have (has) + 过去分词”;过去完成时则是一个相对的时态，已过去时间为基点，它所表示的动作不仅发生在过去，更强调“过去的过去”，只有和过去某时或某动作相比较时，才用到它。
比较：I have learned 1000 English words so far.到目前为止我已经学会了 1000 个 英语单词 。
I had learned 1000 English words till then.到那时为止我已经学会了 1000 个英语单词。
— I'm sorry to keep you waiting. 对不起，让你久等了。
— Oh, not at all. I have been here only a few minutes.没什么，我只等了几分钟。(“等”的动作从过去某一时间点持续到现在)
二、过去完成时与一般过去时的区别
虽然这两种时态都表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态，但在使用时应注意以下几点：
1. 时间状语不同：过去完成时在时间上强调“过去的过去”;而一般过去时只强调过去某一特定的时间。
比较：They had arrived at the station by ten yesterday.
They arrived at the station at ten yesterday.
2. 在没有明确的过去时间状语作标志时，谓语动词动作发生的时间先后须依据上下文来判断：先发生的用过去完成时，后发生的则用一般过去时。
She was very happy. Her whole family were pleased with her, too.She had just won the first in the composition competition.
3. 当两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用 and 或 but 连接时，按时间顺序，只需用一般过去时来代替过去完成时;另外，在 before ， after ， as soon as 引导的从句中，由于这些连词本身已经表示出时间的先后，因此也可以用过去时来代替过去完成时。
He entered the room, turned on the light and read an eveningpaper.
Ⅰ. MultipleChoices.
1.I lost the dictionary I ________.
A.have bought B.bought C.had bought D.had been bought
2.The train had gone when my brother _______ at the station.
A.have arrived B.arrived C.had arrived D.am arriving
3. Mary _______ of visiting her grandmother, but the bad weathermade her change her mind.
A.has thought B.thought C.had thought D.had been thought
4.------Did you meet Tom at the airport? ------No，he _______ by the time I______ there.
A.has left;got B.had left;arrived C.left;arrived D.left;had got
5.-------Why didn’t Tom attend the meeting yesterday? -------He __________ Beijing.
A.has gone to B.had gone to C.went to D.had been to
6.-------I _______ to come to help you. ------But you didn’t come.
A.have meant B.had meant C.meant D.will mean
7.Finally one of my friends _______ by Beijing University，for which she ___ five timA.were admitted; had tried B.was admitted; had tried C.were admitted; has tried D.was admitted; tried
8.------I have bought you the books you want. ------Oh，good，I _______ afraid you had forgotten.
A.was B.am C.had been D.have been
9.We _________ four thousand new words by the end of last year.
A.had learned B.have learned C.learned D.will have learned
10.Helen _______her keys in theoffice so she had to wait until her husband ______home.
A.has left;comes B.left;had come C.had left;came D.had left;would come
11. My father _________ to the hospital when I hurried home.
A. had gone B. went C. had been taken D. had been sent
12. ----- Jim, ________ you _________ your homework?
----- Yes, of course, but I ________ it late bed time.
A. do do; finished B. did do; had finished C. have done; hadfinished D. have done; finished
13. You ____ football after school. Why not go home and do yourhomework first?
A. always played B. are always playing C. have always played D.have always been playing
es
14. Eversince Picasso’s painting went on exhibit, there ____ large crowds at the museumevery day.
A. is B. has been C. have been D. had been
15. ---What do you think of my suggestion? --- Sorry. What’s that?I _____ about something else.
A. was thinking B. thought C. am thinking D. had thought
Ⅱ. Fill in theblanks according to the meanings of the sentences by using tenses of the verbs.
1. How many English songs ___________ she __________ (learn) bythe end of last month?、
2. Hardly _______ I ______ (get) on the bus when it started tomove
3. He __________________(read) the book before he was ten yearsold.
4. She said she ___________________ (see) the film before.
5. Our English teacher _________________ (teach) English inGuangxi for ten years before he came to No.113 Middle School.
6. By the end of last month, they _________________(complete)thebridge .
7. No sooner ________ I _______ (go) out than he came to see me.
89. The classroom _______________ (clean) before we ___________(get) there yesterday.
10. ________ the boy ___________ (finish) his homework before yousaw him?
11. When we got to the station, the train _____________ already_____________. (leave)
12. The book __________ by the end of last month. (finish)
13. When I got back to the shop , my bag _________________ (take)away by someone else.
14. When I arrived at the cinema, the film _________________ (be)on for ten minutes.
15. ---What’s that terrible noise?
---The neighbors ______ (prepare) for a party.
16. The mayor of Beijingsays that all construction work for the Beijing Olympics ______ ( complete) by2006.
17. The teacher, with 6 girls and 8 boys of her class, ______(visit) a museum when the earthquake struck.
18. ---Mr. Johnson didn’t turn up at the meeting yesterdaymorning, did he?
--- No. We __________ (wait) till twelve o’clock. A whole morningwas wasted.
19. ---Why haven’t you asked her to come here?
---She _______ (do) an important experiment when I found her andshe ________ (not, finish) it.
答案：
Keys:
Ⅰ. 1-5 CBCBB 6-10BBAAC 11-15. DDBCA
Ⅱ. 1. had learnt2. had got 3. had read 4. had seen 5. had taught 6. had completed 7. had gone8. had gone 9. had been cleaned, got 10. Had finished 11. had left 12. had beenfinished 13. had been taken 14. had been on 15. are preparing 16. will havebeen completed 17. was visiting 18. were waiting 19. was doing, hasn’t finished
九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳二
语法：直接引语变间接引语。
直接引用别人的话叫直接引语，用来转述别人的话叫间接引语。例：
Hesaid,"HewillgotoBeijingtomorrow."(直接引语)
HesaidthathewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.
直接引语变间接引语时时态、人称及一些时间或个别词都要做相应的改变。
①时态：
一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时
现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时
现在完成时→过去完成时
_真理性的 句子 时态不变。例：
Hesaid:"Thesunrisesintheeast."
Hesaidthatthesunrisesintheeast.
他说太阳从东方升起。
②时间：
now→then,lastmonth→themonthbefore.
today→thatday,threedaysago→threedaysbefore.
tonight→thatnight,tomorrow→thenextday.
yesterday→thedaybefore,thedayaftertomorrow→intwodays.
③ 其它 变化：
this→thatthese→thosehere→there
come→go
句式的改变：
①直接引语是陈述句加"that"可以省去。例：
Hesaid,"Mysisterwasherethreedaysago."→
Hesaidthathissisterhadbeentherethreedaysbefore.
②直接引语是一般疑问句，变成用if/whether引导的宾语从句，人称时态等作相应改变。
Motheraskedme,"Didyoubuyanymeatforlunch?"→
Motheraskedmeif/whetherIhadboughtsomemeatforlunch.
③直接引语是特殊问句，变成由原来疑问词一样的连接词引导的宾语从句，时态人称等作相应改变。例：
"Whatdoyoudo?"heaskedme.
HeaskedmewhatIdid.
④直接引语是选择问句变成由whether或if引导的宾语从句。
"DoyoulikeEnglishorChinese?"Heaskedme.
HeaskedmewhetherIlikedEnglishorChinese.
语法：被动语态
1.英语中动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态
主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。
当我们强调谁是某个动作的执行者，即"谁做了某种事情"时，用主动语态。
eg:Danielboughtanewcomputer丹尼尔买了一台新电脑。(不是别人)
如果主语不是动作的执行者，而是动作的承受者时，就是被动语态。
eg:AnewcomputerwasboughtbyDaniel一台新电脑被丹尼尔买了。
被动语态的谓语由be+动词的过去分词构成，其中be是助动词，随时态改变。
一般现在时的被动语态由"am/is/are+动词的过去分词"构成。
一般过去时的被动语态由"was/were+动词的过去分词"构成。
2.被动语态的用法：
当不知道或没必要说明动作的执行者时，用被动语态。
eg:RiceisgrowninSouthChina.华南 种植 水稻。(没必要说明是谁种)
Thisbridgewasbuilt100yearsago.这座桥是100年前建的。(不知道谁建的)
Passivevoicewith'by'
在被动语态中，如果我们也要把动作的执行者表达出来的话，我们就在被动句子的后面，用"by+动作的执行者(宾格)"来表示。
e.g.Jackbrokethewindow.(主动语态)
ThewindowwasbrokenbyJack.(被动语态)窗户是被杰克打碎的。
Mealsarecookedbyhermotherathome.在家饭是她母亲烧的。
Thebookwaswrittenbyhimseveralyearsago.这本书是他几年前写的。
3.难点：
1).当一个含有复合宾语(宾语+宾补)的句子变为被动语态时，只能把宾语变为被动语态的主语，宾补还放在原来的位置。
e.g.WecallhimXiaoWang.---HeiscalledXiaoWang.
Hecuthishairshort.---Hishairwascutshort.
2).带双宾语的动词变为被动语态时，常常把间接宾语变为被动语态的主语;如果直接宾语变为被动语态的主语时，间接宾语前要加介词to或for.
e.g.Someonegavetheboyanapple.--Theboywasgivenanapple.
Anapplewasgiventotheboy.
Hismotherboughtapresentforhim.---Hewasboughtapresent.
Apresentwasboughtforhim.
3).在let,hear,watch,see,help,have等词的句子中，主动语态不加to,被动语态要加to.
e.g.Thebossmakesuswork12hoursaday.---Wearemadetowork12hoursaday.
Theyheardthechildrensingthatmorning.---Thechildrenwereheardtosingthatmorning.
⑤直接引语是祈使句，根据说话语气变成ask/tell/orderwarnsb.todosth.的结构。例：
Shesaidtome,"Standup."→
Sheaskedmetostandup.
Fathersaidtohisson,"Don'tplayfootballinthestreet."→
Fathertoldhissonnottoplayfootballinthestreet.
语法：祈使句
表示命令、叮嘱等的句子叫祈使句。祈使句省略主语，以动词原形开头，常加please表示客气。常有以下三种结构：
(1)行为动词开头。例：
Sitdown,please.(Pleasesitdown.)
Comehere.
Gothere.
(2)系词be开头。
Becareful!
Besilent.
(3)Let开头。例：
Let'sdoitatonce.
Lethimdoit.
注：(1)祈使句的否定式在句首加don't。例：
Don'tspeakinChinese.别用汉语说。
Don'tbeheresoearly.别来这太早。
(2)在祈使句前可以加never或always。
Neverclimbuptoohigh.It'sdangerous.
Alwayscomeontime.总是准时。
Alwaysbepolitetoothers.总是对人礼貌。
语法：并列句
由并列连词but，and，or，so，while等构成的并列句，例：
HehelpsmeandIhelphim。
Hewasill，buthestillworkedon。
Helikescookingwhilehiswifelikestravelling。
语法：条件状语从句，以if引导。
if在英语中可以构成条件状语从句，意为“如果”，也可以构成宾语从句，意为“是否”。例：
Idon‘tknowifhewillcometomorrow。(宾从)
我不知道他明天是否来。
Ifhecomes，I’llletyouknow。(条从)
如果他来，我让你知道。
_1)在if构成的条件状语从句中，如果主句是将来时，或祈使句或有情态动词，从句通常用一般现在时。如上面的例句，再如：
Hecanpasstheexamifhestudieshard。
如果他努力学习会通过考试的。
(2)if构成的条件从句可以放于句子前面，也可以放于后面。例：
Ifitrains，Iwon‘tgowithyou。
如果下雨我就不和你去了。
Iwon’tgowithyouifitrains。
九年级英语语法知识点整理归纳三
【篇一】一般过去时：
1.概念：过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为。
2.时间状语：ago,yesterday,thedaybeforeyesterday,lastweek,last(year,night,month...),in1989,justnow,attheageof5,oneday,longlongago,onceuponatime,etc.
3.基本结构：be动词;行为动词的过去式
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did提问，同时还原行为动词。
6.例句：Sheoftencametohelpusinthosedays.
Ididn'tknowyouweresobusy.
【篇二】现在进行时
：
1.概念：表示现阶段或说话时正在进行的动作及行为。
2.时间状语：now,atthistime,thesedays,etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are+doing
4.否定形式：am/is/are+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把be动词放于句首。
6.例句：Howareyoufeelingtoday?
Heisdoingwellinhislessons.
【篇三】过去进行时：
1.概念：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语：atthistimeyesterday,atthattime或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构：was/were+doing
4.否定形式：was/were+not+doing.
5.一般疑问句：把was或were放于句首。
6.例句：AtthattimeshewasworkinginaPLAunit.
Whenhecamein,Iwasreadinganewspaper.
【篇四】现在完成时：
1.概念：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语：recently,lately,since...for...,inthepastfewyears,etc.
3.基本结构：have/has+done
4.否定形式：have/has+not+done.
5.一般疑问句：have或has。
6.例句：I'vewrittenanarticle.
Thecountrysidehaschangedalotinthepastfewyears.
【篇五】过去完成时：
1.概念：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即"过去的过去"。
2.时间状语：before,bytheendoflastyear(term,month...),etc.
3.基本结构：had+done.
4.否定形式：had+not+done.
5.一般疑问句：had放于句首。
6.例句：Assoonaswegottothestation,thetrainhadleft.
Bytheendoflastmonth.Wehadreviewedfourbooks
【篇六】一般将来时：
1.概念：表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态及打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.时间状语：tomorrow,nextday(week,month,year...),soon,inafewminutes,by...,thedayaftertomorrow,etc.
3.基本结构：am/is/are/goingto+do;will/shall+do.
4.否定形式：was/were+not;在行为动词前加didn't，同时还原行为动词。
5.一般疑问句：be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。
6.例句：Theyaregoingtohaveacompetitionwithusinstudies.
Itisgoingtorain.
【篇七】过去将来时：
1.概念：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语：thenextday(morning,year...),thefollowingmonth(week...),etc.
3.基本结构：was/were/goingto+do;would/should+do.
4.否定形式：was/were/not+goingto+do;would/should+not+do.
5.一般疑问句：was或were放于句首;would/should提到句首。
6.例句：HesaidhewouldgotoBeijingthenextday.
Iaskedwhowasgoingthere.
【篇八】将来完成时：
1.概念：在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态
2.时间状语：bythetimeof;bytheendof+时间 短语 (将来);bythetime+从句(将来)
3.基本结构：begoingto/will/shall+havedone
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