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英语八大从句类型与用法总结PPT
根据从句语法功能的不同可分为:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句6类。
1、主语从句
主语从句就是作主语的从句。它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词。主语从句放在句首时,句子显得很笨重,因此常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置,比如:
It is a pity that you have missed such a wonderful concert.
真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的一场音乐会。
2、表语从句
表语从句就是作表语的从句。它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词等。
比如:
My idea is that we meet at the bus stop.
我的想法是我们在公共汽车站会面。
3、宾语从句
宾语从句就是作宾语的从句。它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词等。
比如:
She said that she would drop maths.
她说她要放弃数学。
4、同位语从句
同位语从句就是作同位语的从句,它的连接词有连词、连接副词等。
The fact that everyone loves beauty is common sense.
人人爱美是常识。
5、定语从句
定语从句就是作定语的从句。定语从句主要修饰、限定、描绘名词,有时修饰代词,放所修饰词后边。
比如:
The girl who wears a new dress is my daughter.
那个穿新衣服的女孩是我的女儿。
6、状语从句
状语从句就是作状语的从句。在复合句中修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词,起状语作用的从句叫作状语从句。
比如:
Soon after he jumps his parachute will open.
他跳伞之后,降落伞就会打开。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结PPT
类型与用法总结如下:
一、定语从句:
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
二、状语从句:
表示“当…时候”的while, when, as的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as。另外,用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。
三、名词性从句:
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses)。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
相关内容:
同位语从句:同位语从句是名词性从句中的主要从句之一,从句作同位语表示与之同位的名词(短语)的实际内容,它的作用相当于名词,对前面的名词(短语)加以补充说明或进一步解释,相当于一个表语从句,它们之间的关系就是同位关系,即主表关系。
定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。This is the reason why he refused to help us. 这就是他拒绝帮助我们的原因。
时间状语从句:用表示时间的连词连接一个句子作状语,这样的主从复合句就是时间状语从句。连接时间状语从句的连接词有:when, before, after, while, as soon as, until, since. We were about to leave when he came in. 我们就要离开,就在那时他进来了。
英语各种从句的引导词分别是什么
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思. 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句. That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气.
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他.
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴.
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句.Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词.Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人.
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲.
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖.
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位.
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字.
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来.
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请.
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿.
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作.
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明.
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实.
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完.
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他.
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖.
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来.
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期.
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人.
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划.
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式.
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你.
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来.
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移.
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧.
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面.
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去.
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气.
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定.
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人. (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人.
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式.)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前.
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食.
英语语法从句的分类.用什么连接词修饰
定从:that, who,which, whom,whose, where,when,why
状从:because, since, when, while, where, as,as if, now that, unless, although, though, however,
名从:that whether if what which where
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