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ing分词作定语例句
高二英语语法-ing分词作定语
①单个的分词作定语一般放在被修饰词的前面。如:
reading room 阅览室 swimming pool 游泳池 dining car 餐车
sleeping car 卧车 singing competition 歌咏比赛 waiting room 候车室
a waiting car 一辆等待着的车 a sleeping child一个酣睡的孩子 flying fish 飞鱼
the exciting news令人振奋的消息 a boring speech令人乏味的演出
②-ing分词短语作定语应放在被修饰词的后面,也相当于一个定语从句。如:
Who is the comrade standing by the door? 站在门边的同志是谁?
They lived in a house facing south. 他们住在一所朝南的房子里。
③-ing分词还可以作非限制性定语,相当于一个非限制性定语从句,常用逗号和句子其它部分分开。如:
The words, usually dealing with current work, were mostly written by himself.
歌词一般讲当前的'工作,大部分是他自己写的。
When she appeared, John, wearing a dirty and worn-out overcoat, ran to her with joy. 当她出现的时候,约翰穿着一件又脏又破的大衣高兴地跑了过去。
;过去分词作表语和定语的用法
一、过去分词作表语用时,总是在连系动词如:be, appear, feel, remain, seem, look等之后,构成系表结构。特别要注意与be连用时,要注意区分是“系表结构”还是“被动语态”。作表语的过去分词表示状态,而被动语态中的过去分词表示动作。
All the doors are locked.
所有的门都是锁着的。
She is neatly dressed.
她衣着整洁。
He felt thoroughly broken down.
他觉得身体彻底垮了。
They seemed terribly shocked.
他们似乎极度震惊。
The children looked puzzled.
孩子们都像是迷惑不解。
二、过去分词作定语时的几种情况:
1. 前位修饰:单独一个过去分词作定语一般放在被修饰的名词之前。
We need more qualified teacher.
我们需要更多合格的教师。
The wounded soldier lay on the ground, unable to move.
那个伤员躺在地上,不能动弹。
2. 后位修饰:分词短语要置于被修饰的名词之后。
The girl dressed in red is my daughter.
穿红衣服的女孩是我女儿。
We are going to talk about the problem discussed at the last meeting.
我们准备谈一谈上次会上讨论的问题。
This is a letter written in blue ink.
这是一封用蓝墨水写的信。
3. 后位修饰:如果被修饰的词是由some/ any/ no+ thing/ body/ one所成形的不定代词或指示代词those等时,虽然一个单一的分词作形容词时,也要放在被修饰词之后。
Is there anything unsolved?
还有什么问题没有解决吗?
There is almost nothing changed since I left the town two years ago.
自从我两年前离开这个镇以来,几乎没有什么变化。
4. 有时为了强调还可将单一的分词置于被修饰名词之后。
They decided to change the material used.
他们决定改变所用的原材料。
The experience gained will be of great value to us.
取得的经验将对我们很有价值。
三、过去分词作定语时与定语从句的关系:
1. 及物动词的过去分词可改为动词为被动形式的定语从句。
lost time-time which is lost
a well-known writer-a writer who is well known
a beaten team-a team which is beaten
2. 部分不及物动词的过去分词作定语时可改为动词为完成式或动词为表示状态的定语从句。
a returned soldier-a soldier who has returned
retired workers-workers who have retired
a learned man-a man who is of much learning
a sunken ship-a ship which has sunk
三、过去分词在句子中可作表语、定语、状语、补语(主补、宾补)等。下面就过去分词作宾补的用法作一总结。
I. 能够接过去分词作宾补的动词有以下三类:
1. 表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如:see, watch, observe, look at, hear, listen to, feel, notice, think等。
1) I heard the song sung in English. 我听到有人用英语唱过这首歌。
2) He found his hometown greatly changed. 他发现他的家乡变化很大。
2. 表示“致使”意义的动词。如:have, make, get, keep, leave等。
3) I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要理发。
4) He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。
5) Don’t leave those things undone.要把那些事情做完。
3. 表示“希望”、“要求”意义的动词。如:like, order, want, wish, expect等后用 “vt + ( to be )+pp”。
6) I would like this matter (to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。
7) I wish my homework (to be)finished before five o’clock. 我希望5点前完成我的作业。
II. 过去分词作宾补表示的意义。
1. 过去分词作宾补表示被动关系,其动作先于谓语动作。如例句(1),过去分词sung的动作显然先于谓语动作heard;例句(2),过去分词changed的动作显然先于谓语动作found。
2. 过去分词作宾补时,过去分词所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。如例句(4),动宾关系是pull out his tooth;例句(6),动宾关系是settle this matter。
III. 过去分词作宾补时,要注意几种情况。
1. 使役动词have接过去分词作宾补有两种情况。
1) 过去分词所表示的动作由他人完成。如:
He had his money stolen.他的钱给偷了。(被别人偷去了)
2) 过去分词所表示的动作由句中的主语所经历。如:
He had his leg broken.他的腿断了。(自己的经历)
2. 过去分词在原句中作宾补时,如果原句变为被动语态,那么过去分词就在新句中作主补了。如:
The big fire is reported controlled.据报道这场大火已经得到控制。
The meeting room was found thoroughly cleaned and everything arranged in good order.
人们发现会议室被彻底打扫了,一切都布置得井井有条。
分词作定语的五种情况是什么
第一种现在分词作定语:
Falling water can be used to generate electricity. 瀑布可以用来发电。
A ray of sunlight fell on the sleeping girl. 一缕阳光照在睡着的女孩身上。
第二种过去分词作定语:
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.我们必须调整思路来适应改变了的情况。
The retaired man was very interested in painting.那位退休的人对绘画非常感兴趣。
第三种及物动词的分词形式作定语:
I like the stories that were written by Hugo.我喜欢这篇胡歌写的文章
第四种不及物动词的分词形式做定语
第五种将来分词作定语
分词做定语举例
语法部分
分词作定语
不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调完成;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动,过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时,也是如此。分词作定语,单个的分词作定语一般前置;分词词组,个别分词如given,
left等,修饰不定代词等的分词,作定语需后置。
例如:
We
can
see
the
rising
sun.
我们可以看到东升的旭日
He
is
a
retired
worker.
他是位退休的工人
There
was
a
girl
sitting
there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This
is
the
question
given.
这是所给的问题
There
is
nothing
interesting.
没有有趣的东西
分词作定语相当于定语从句,如Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists.
=
Most
of
the
people
who
wereinvited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists.
典型例题
1)
The
first
textbook
___
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.
have
written
B.
to
be
written
C.
being
written
D.
written
答案D.
书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句
which
was
written
2)What's
the
language
____
in
Germany?
A.
speaking B.
spoken
C.
be
spoken D.
to
speak
答案B.
主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken,在句中作定语,修饰主语language,
spoken
与
language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:What's
the
language
(which
is)
spoken
in
German?
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