本文目录
动名词短语是什么意思
动名词短语详解
学习英语怎么能不知道动名词短语的用法呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式。动名词的构成和现在分词相同。
动名词具有名词的特点:可在句中作主语、宾语和标语。动名词也具有动词的某些特点:要求宾语和带有状语,这是就构成了动名词短语。动名词也有主动和被动、一般和完成等形式。以DESIGN为例:主动态
被动态
般式 Designing Being designed
完成式 Having designed Having being designed
动名词和动名词短语的用法
动名词及短语在句中可作主语、宾语和表语。例如:
(1) Heating the water changes it into vapor. 把水加热可以使水变为蒸汽。(Heating the water在句中作主语,water是heating的宾语。)
(2)Closing the switch connects the cranking motor to the battery. 合上开关就把启动马达与蓄电池接通了。(句中closing the switch作主语,switch为closing的宾语。)
(3)Oxygen does not burn, but does support burning. 氧布自燃,但能助燃。(burning是动名词,作support的宾语。)
(4)Energy is involved in doing work, or in heating on object. 能量在于它能做功,或使物体变热。(动名词doing和heating均为介词in的宾语。)
(5)In the dynamo, mechanical energy is used for rolating the armature between the poles of an electromagnet. 在直流发电机中,机械能被用来转动电磁铁两极之间的`电枢。(动名词rotating是介词for的宾语。)
(6)One way to fit the pieces of a broken iron bar together is heating the iron until it softens and pounding it with a hammer. 把一根断成数截的铁棍连接起来的一个方法就是把铁加热至软化,然后用铁锤去锻打。(句中heating和pounding均为表语。)
动名词的被动态
当动名词的逻辑主体是动名词的动作对象时,该动名词通常用被动形式。例如:
(1)When a vapor condenses, the energy that it absorbed in being baporized is again released as heat. 当蒸汽冷凝时,它汽化时所吸收的能量又以热的形式释放出来。(it用来代替vapor,it时vaporize这一动作的承受者,所以要用动名词的被动形式being vaporized.)
(2)It is assumed that every substance which is capable of being magnetized consists of a very large number of molecular magnets….人们假定,能够被磁化的各种物质都是由大量的分子磁体组成的….(句中which用来代替substance,which时动词magnetize这一动作的对象,所以magnetize的动名词应用被动形式。)
;英语里的动名词概念与用法
动名词是一种兼有动词和名词特征的非限定动词.它可以支配宾语,也能被副词修饰.动名词有时态和语态的变化.
解释:动词的ing形式如果是名词,这个词称动名词.
编辑本段一、动名词的作用
动名词具有名词的性质,因此在句中可以作主语、表语、宾语、定语等.
1.动名词由动词 + ing构成,否定形式为not doing,具有动词和名词的性质,在句中起名词作用,可作主语、宾语、表语和定语.
1)作主语.如:
Seeing is believing.
Laying eggs is the ant queen’s full-time job.
It is no use arguing with him.
注意:动名词和不定式都可以作主语,动名词作主语表示一般或抽象的多次性行为,不定式作主语往往表示具体的或一次性的动作.如:
Playing with fire is dangerous. (泛指玩火)
To play with fire will be dangerous. (指一具体动作)
但在It is no use/good, not any use/good, useless等后常用动名词间或用不定式.
2)作表语.如:
Her job is teaching.
3)作宾语.如:
He is fond of playing football.
I like swimming.
①admit,appreciate,avoid,consider,delay,dislike,enjoy,escape,excuse,face,feel,like,finish,forgive,give up,imagine,include,keep,mention,mind,miss,practise,put off,resist,risk,suggest,can’t help(情不自禁),can’t stand(无法忍受)等动词成词组后可以用动名词作宾语,但不能用不定式.
②forget,go on,mean,regret,remember,stop,try等动词或词组可带动名词或不定式作宾语,但意义上有区别.
Let’s go on studying Lesson 6. (让我们继续学第六课.说明前面已学了一部分.)
Let’s go on to study Lesson 6. (让我们接着学第六课.说明前面已学了第五课.)
I remember doing the exercise. (我记得做过练习.)
I must remember to do it. (我必须记着做这事.)
I tried not to go there. (我设法不去那里.)
I tried doing it again. (我试着又干了一次.)
Stop speaking. (不要讲话.)
He stopped to talk. (他停下来讲话.)
I mean to come early today. (我打算今天早些来.)
Missing the train means waiting for another hour.
(误了这趟火车意味着再等一个小时.)
③在allow,advise,forbid,permit等动词后直接跟动名词形式作宾语,如果后面有名词或代词作宾语,其后用动词不定式作宾语补足语.如:
We don’t allow smoking here.
We don’t allow students to smoke.
④动词need,require,want作“需要”解,其后必须用动名词的主动形式或不定式的被动形式作宾语表示事情需要做,这时,动名词的主动式表示被动意义.be worth后必须用动名词的主动形式来表示被动意义.如:
The window needs/requires/wants cleaning/to be cleaned.
Her method is worth trying.
⑤在短语devote to,look forward to,stick to,to be used to,object to,thank you for,excuse me for,be(kept) busy,have difficulty/trouble/problem(in),have a good/wonderful/hard time(in),there’s no use/good/need,feel/seem like/get down to等后的动词也必须用动名词形式,例如:
I look forward to hearing from you soon.
⑥在love,hate,prefer,like等动词后用动名词或不定式无多大区别.有时用动名词作宾语时,指一般情况,而跟不定式作宾语时指某一具体行为.
⑦start,begin,continue在书面语中多后接动名词,在口语中多后接不定式.
但start和begin在下列情况下一般跟不定式作宾语:当主语是物而不是人时;当start或begin以-ing形式出现时,当后面作宾语的动词表示感情、思想或意念时.如:
It started to snow. He is beginning to cook dinner. I began to understand what he meant.
⑧在should(would) like/love等后须用不定式.
4)作定语,例如:
He has a reading room.
2.动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成.在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词.如果动名词的复合结构作宾语,其逻辑主语是无生命的名词时,用普通格.如:
His coming made me very happy.
Mary’s crying annoyed him.
She didn’t mind his crying.
Is there any hope of Xiao Wang’s winning.?He insists on the plan being carried out.
3.动名词的时态和语态
动名词的时态分一般式和完成式两种,如果动名词的动作没有明确地表示出时间是与谓语词所表示的动作同时发生或在谓语动词所表示的动作以前发生,用动名词的一般式.如:
We are interested in playing chess.
His coming will be of great help to us.
如果动名词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,通常用动名词的完成时态.如:
I’m sorry for not having kept my promise.
在某些动词或词组后,常用动名词的一般形式,尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生的.如:Excuse me for coming late.
主语是动名词所表示的动作的对象时,动名词用被动语态.被动语态由“being + 过去分词”或“having been + 过去分词”构成.后一种一般很少使用,以免使句子显得累赘.如:
He likes being helped.
He was afraid of being left at home.
I don’t remember having ever been given a chance to do it.
动名词是什么意思 需要浅白的意思解释
关于动名词,语法书是这样说的
动名词是非谓动词的又一种形式。它在形式上与现在分词相同,都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。在现代语法中,这两种形式同视为"-ing形式"。 这两种形式的另一个相同之处是:它们都是由动词变化而成的,它们都保留了动词的某些特征,它们都能带自己的宾语、状语,而构成动名词短语或是现在分词短语去担当句子成分。例如:
Speaking in the public , he will surely be very cheerful .
(现在分词短语,作状语)他在公众场所讲话时总是兴高采烈的。
She hates speaking in the public.
(动名词短语,作宾语)她不喜欢在公众场所讲话。
严格地说,动名词和现在分词还是有很多区别的:
首先,动名词表达的动作意义不如现在分词强,因为动名词已经将动作名词化了,它不再强调动作本身了,它已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了。比如说,动名词常在句中作主语、直接宾语;我们都知道,在句中作主语、直接宾语的词只有是名词、代词,因此从某种意义上说,动名词就相当于名词、代词了。例如:
Climbing up the mountain will make you exhausted.
爬上这座山会使你筋疲力尽。
Stop talking please. 请不要讲话。
其次,正由于动名词在某种意义上相当于名词、代词,所以它前面也可有名词的"所有格形式"或是物主代词的所有格作修饰语。例如:
Would you mind my smoking here
您介意我在这儿吸烟吗?
We extended a warm welcome to Mr. Rieder's coming to our party.
我们对里德先生来参加聚会表示热烈的欢迎。
从动名词在句子里的作用来看,它类似于名词;可以作主语、定语、表语和宾语。下面让我们分别看看动名词在句中作不同成分的具体情况。
1. 作主语
动名词作主语与不定式作主语在语序位置方面较相似,但在表达意思上有差异。动名词作主语时,它已经将动作名词化了,已把某个动作视为某种活动或是某件事情了,动作意义很弱,比较抽象。而不定式作主语的动作意义较强,多指"要是去做某事",这种动作往往是"要发生的一次性动作",比较具体。例如:
Breathing became difficult at that altitude.
在那个海拔高度呼吸变得很困难。
Reading English aloud in the morning will do you a lot of good .
早晨朗读英文会给你带来许多好处。
Cheating on an exam ruins one's character .
考试作弊毁坏人的性格。
It takes me ten minutes to get home from my office .
我从办公室回家要花十分钟。
It needs time to make three copies of it .
把它复制三份需要时间。
动名词作主语时,也常用"It is …"和"There is …"两种句型。
"It is …"的句型常用于说明"某种活动或是某件事情是如何,如何"。强调事物的性质、特征等。常用于It is后面的词有:no good , no use , useless , a waste, worthwhile , dangerous等等。句型"There is …"往往用于说明"不允许、禁止某种活动或是某件事情发生或存在"。类似一种建议、命令等。例如:
It is no use waiting for him any longer .
等他是没有用的。
It is no good learning without practice .
学而不实践是没好处的。
It is dangerous using this method to measure the speed of light .
用这种方法去测量光速是危险的。
It is worthwhile consulting your tutor about it again .
很值得再向你的指导老师咨询一下这个问题。
There is no joking about such matters .
这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no denying the fact that China has made a rapid progress in every aspect since it was founded .
不容抵赖这个事实,中国自它成立以来已在各个方面都取得了飞速的发展。
There is no littering about .
不许乱扔杂物。
2. 作定语
动名词作定语的情况并不是很普遍,因为多数情况仅限于单个的动名词作定语。这种情况与单个的现在分词作定语有较大的区别:单个的动名词作定语主要是说明被修饰词的作用、意义等;
而单个的现在分词作定语则主要是表示被修饰词正在做什么。请看下面的比较:
动名词作定语 现在分词作定语
swimming pool 游泳池
( the pool for swimming) working people 劳动人民
( the people who are working)
reading material 阅读材料 sleeping child 熟睡孩子
walking stick 手杖 floating needle 浮针
opening speech 开幕词 oppressing class压迫阶级
listening aid 助听器 developing countries 发展中国家
waiting room 候车室 running water 自来水
3. 作表语
动名词作表语主要说明"主语是做什么的、或是怎么回事", 动作意义弱,较抽象;而现在分词作表语则主要是表示"主语的性质、特征等";不定式作表语却主要说明或解释"主语(要去)做什么事",它比动名词更为具体,动作意义更强。例如:
His part-time job is promoting new products for the company. (动名词)
他的业余工作是为那家公司推销新产品。
Reading is for sure learning, but applying is also learning to a greater extent .(动名词)读书当然是学习,然而运用在很大程度上更是学习。
Their task is exploring oil mines in the west . (动名词)
他们的任务是在西部探查油矿。
The situation is very much encouraging .(现在分词)
形势非常令人鼓舞。
His present job is not that stimulating as he expected. (现在分词)
他现在的工作并不是那么有刺激性。
Their plan is to build another dormitory for their staff this year .
(不定式)他们的计划是今年再为员工们建一栋宿舍楼。
His wish is to become a pilot. (不定式) 他的愿望是当飞行员。
4. 作宾语
A)常见的用动名词作宾语的及物动词:
avoid (避免) , cease (停止) , can't help (忍不住) , consider (考虑) , deny (抵赖) , delay (拖延) , enjoy (喜欢) , endure (忍受) , escape (逃离) , excuse (原谅) , finish (完成) , give up (放弃) , imagine (想象) , keep on (继续) , leave off (结束、省去) , mind (介意、反对) , miss (错过) , need (需要) , postpone (推迟) , practice (练习) , put off (推迟) , require (需要) , risk (冒险) , stop (停止) , suggest (建议) 等。例如:
He managed to escape suffering from the disease .
他设法避免患那种疾病。
After hearing the funny story , all of us couldn't help laughing ear to ear.
听完了那个滑稽故事,我们忍不住大笑了。
Excuse my interrupting you for a while .
请原谅我打扰你一会儿。
Prof. Smith considered giving his students a reading list before they started the next chapter.
史密斯教授考虑在学生们学习下一章之前给他们一份读书清单。
When he came back home from his night shift , Jason tried to avoid wakening his family .
当杰逊下夜班回到家时,他尽力不弄醒他的家人。
The suspect denied turning on the computer in the office that night.
犯罪嫌疑人否认他那晚开过办公室的电脑。
B)有些及物动词后既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,两种结构在意义上差别不大。常见的有:attempt (打算) , begin (开始) , can't afford (花不起) , can't bear (无法容忍) , continue (继续) , deserve (值得) forget (忘记) , hate (不喜欢) , intend (打算) , like(喜欢) , love (爱) , neglect (忽略) , need (需要) , prefer (宁愿) , propose (提议) , want (需要)等。例如:
Do you prefer strolling outside or staying inside ( to stroll outside or to stay inside ) ? 你是想在外面散步,还是想呆在室内 ?
I can't afford watching ( to watch ) the game through to the end because I should be at work in thirty minutes .
这场比赛我是看不完了,因为半小时后我要上班。
I like playing ( to play ) chess with you , but not today .
我喜欢和你下棋,但不是今天。
When did you begin learning ( to learn ) English ?
你什么时候开始学英文的?
Maria intended visiting ( to visit ) her parents last weekend , but she caught by something else . 上周末,玛莉娅曾打算去看她的父母亲,但却因其他的事而脱不开身。`
注意:当need , want表示"需要"意义时,后面所接的动名词具有被动意义,例如:
The office needs cleaning thoroughly . ( = … to be cleaned thoroughly .)
这间办公室需要彻底打扫。
The roses in your garden want watering .( = … to be watered . )
你花园里的玫瑰需要浇水。
C)有些及物动词后也是既可用动名词作宾语,也可用不定式作宾语,但是两种结构在意义上存在一定的差别:
-- 在like , love , hate , prefer等词后,若表示强调"某种爱好、一般性的倾向",需用动名词作宾语;如指某次将发生的具体行为,则多用不定式作宾语。例如:
She likes dancing more than singing .
她喜欢跳舞胜过唱歌。
She likes to go dancing with her colleagues this weekend.
这个周末她想和同事一块儿去跳舞。
Men often hate going window-shopping .男人通常不爱逛商店。
Davis hates to talk about that topic at next meeting .
戴维斯不想在下次会议上谈那个话题。
She prefers swimming to running . 她喜欢游泳而不喜欢跑步。。
She prefers to go swimming this afternoon .今天下午她要去游泳。
-- 在remember, regret后面,接动名词表示"已发生过的动作";接不定式表示"现在发生或将要发生的动作" 。例如:
I remember having posted the letter today .
我记得今天把那封信发出去了。
I'll remember to post the letter for you .我会记得帮你将信发出去的。
I regret not telling her the truth before she left .
我后悔在她离开前告诉她实情。
I regret to say I am not prepared well enough for the new post .
很遗憾地说,我还没有为新的职位作好充分的准备。
-- 在begin , start , 和cease之后,接动名词表示"强调有意识地开始或停止某动作";不定式则表示"自然、突然地发生的动作"。例如:
She began learning to cook before her marriage .
她是婚前开始学烧饭的。
It began to snow yesterday .昨天开始下雪了。
They started developing the new product in 1999 .
1999年他们开始研制那种新产品。
No sooner had we arrived home than it started to rain heavily.
我们刚一到家就下起大雨来了。
He ceased smoking when he got something wrong with his lung .
当他的肺部出了毛病时,他停止吸烟了。
Electronic games ceased to interested him after he began to work .
他参加工作以后,电子游戏不再使他感兴趣了。
-- stop后接动名词表示"要开始动名词表示的动作",而后接不定式则表示"终止不式表示的动作" ;try后接动名词表示"试着干某事",而后接不定式则表示"尽力干某事" 。例如:
Stop talking please . (终止"讲话"的动作)请不要讲话了。
Let's stop to take a break . (开始"休息"的动作)
让我们停下来休息一会儿。
The boy tried installing his computer and succeed at last . (试着"安装" )那个男孩试着安装他的电脑,最后成功了。
I'll try to finish the composition of the book by October .(尽力"完成" )我要尽力在十月以前完成这本书的写作。
D)动名词作介词的宾语,并与介词一起构成介短语在句子里担当定语、状语、表语,如:
I'm looking forward to your coming next time . (作状语)
我期待着您下一次的到来。
On hearing our delegation in Sydney had won 28 gold medals , all the Chinese people cheered up with great joy and showed their great respects to our athletes . (作状语)
当听到我国在悉尼的奥运代表团获得了28块金牌时,全 中国人民都高兴地欢呼起来,并向我们的运动健儿们表示崇高的敬意。
The simplest kind of advertising is the classified ad .(作定语)
最简单的广告是分类广告。
They are against using so many animals in experiments .(作表语)
他们反对用如此多的动物去做试验。
另外,在说明"动名词的动作状态"方面,我们有一般式和完成式。当我们要强调说明"动名词动作"发生于"谓语动作"之前时,多用动名词的完成式;如果无意具体说明"动名词动作"发生于什么时候,或是"动名词动作"与"谓语动作"是同时发生时,就只用动名词的一般式。例如:
He is fond of watching sports-games .(一般式)他喜欢观看体育竞赛。
She likes making herself busy all the day .(一般式)
她喜欢使自己终日忙忙碌碌的。
The secretary was scolded for not having finished typing the report in time .(完成式)那位秘书因没有按时将报告打印出来而受责备。
I regret having said some rude words to my brother .(完成式)
我后悔对我弟弟说了些粗话。
We have no idea of their having done such kind of thing(完成式)
我们不知道他们干过这种事情。
当然,上面所将的也并不是绝对的。有些动词后(或成语中),我们也可用动名词的一般式表示发生于"谓语动作"之前的"动名词动作"。例如:
I don't remember ever seeing her any time .
我不记得曾几何时见过她。
He apologized for interrupting us .
他因打断了我们的谈话而向我们道歉。
Thank you for offering me so much help .
感谢你们给我提供了这么多的帮助。
当动名词在句子中的逻辑主语在意义上是动名词动作的宾语时,我们应当用动名词的被动形式。 "being + 过去分词"是动名词被动式的一般形式;"having + been + " 是动名词被动式的完成形式。例如:
People hate being praised for nothing .人们不喜欢无缘无故的赞扬。
The problem is far from being solved .这问题远没得到解决。
His being elected our chairman made us think of a lot .
他当选为我们的主席使我们想起了许多许多。
She didn't mind being left alone at home .她不介意被一人留在家里。
After having been treated in the special way, he could deal with everything around him smoothly .他接受了特殊化的训练后,能顺利地对付他周围的一切。
He can't remember having been scolded by his boss for that matter .
他不记得老板曾为那件事责备过他。
但是在很多情况下,我们常用动名词的一般被动形式;避免使用动名词被动式的完成形式,因为它会使句子显得累赘。最后,还有一点值得我们注意:
want(需要), need(需要), deserve(值得), require(需要)等词后,我们用动名词的主动形式表达被动意思。例如:
Your car needs filling . 你这车要充气了。
This city deserves visiting . 这座城市值得光顾一下。
The problem requires studying carefully .这个问题需要认真研究。
The trees want watering .这些树需要浇水了。
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英语动名词短语是什么意思
动名词短语
动名词短语(gerundial
phrase),以动名词为中心,其句子功用相当于动名词的短语。
例如:1:Thank
you
for『
having
us』.
2:『
Going
to
public
concerts』is
often
free
of
charge.
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