本文目录
名词性从句关系词的用法表格
名词性从句引导词用法表格如下:
名词性从句的引导词分为3大类:
1、that。
2、whether / if。
3、疑问词(who / what / how / when / why等)。
那么什么时候用that?什么时候用whether/if? 什么时候用疑问词?
其实很简单:(我们先不具体讲每个引导词,我们先举3个例子)
第一个例子:
我 不知道他来了。
I don't know that he came.
这个句子中我们用了引导词 that。
第二个例子:
我 不知道他是否会来。
I don't know whetherhe will come.
这个句子中我们用了引导词whether .(if 也可以用--但只适用于宾语从句)
第三个例子:
我 不知道他什么时候会来。
I don't know when he will come.
这个句子中我们用了引导词when
从这三句话中看出了规律。
他来了。 ——陈述句。
他是否会来。——一般疑问句 。(他是否会来=他会来吗?)
他什么时候会来。——特殊疑问句。
所以:
陈述句前用引导词 that。
一般疑问句前用引导词 whether。(if 只出现在宾语从句,其他名词性从句不可以用)
特殊疑问句前用引导词:特殊疑问词。(具体根据问什么,就用什么作引导词)
英语中从句的引导词怎么区分
定语从句
定从定从
名代先行
缺主宾
找关代
主宾全
whenwherewhy
定语从句修饰名词或代词。如果定语从句中缺少主语或宾语,就用关系代词类似which
that来引导。如果主语和宾语都有的话,就用后面那三个w来引导
例一
I
have
a
book
which
has
many
pictures(从句中没有主语,所以用which引导)
例二
I
want
to
go
to
the
park
where
we
can
have
a
picnic(从句时一个完整句子,所以用where引导)主语从句
很简单,用that引导,that不可以省略。
例句That
Mulan
is
a
girl
surprised
all
her
friends.宾语从句
用一个句子代替宾语的位置
例句
I
like
eating
bananas.
在这里,eating
bananas是宾语(不好意思,这个我也不太好说)同位语从句
一般用新闻啊,报道啊,消息啊这一类的后面,补充说明内容的,一般用that引导
例句
News
came
that
our
team
won
the
game.
(our
team
won
the
game
是同位语从句,说出了news的内容)
英语各种从句的引导词分别是什么
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略.
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思. 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语.
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句. That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义.名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气.
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去.
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他.
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安.
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴.
2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败.
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事.
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句.Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词.Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人.
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲.
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖.
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位.
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字.
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来.
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请.
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿.
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作.
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明.
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实.
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完.
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他.
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖.
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来.
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期.
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人.
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划.
17.5 否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式.
I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你.
I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来.
注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移.
I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧.
2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面.
It doesn't seem that they know where to go.
看来他们不知道往哪去.
It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow.
看来我们明天不会碰上好天气.
3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定.
I don't remember having ever seen such a man.
我记得从未见过这样一个人. (not否定动名词短语 having…)
It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street.
在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人.
(anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式.)
4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前.
The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食.
名词性从句引导词分为几类
名词性从句分为四类,分别为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句以及同位语从句。那么,名词性从句引导词即是这四大从句的引导词。
引导词有:
1、连接词that, if ,whether,疑问代词who,what,which和疑问副词when,where,how,why等。
2、as,as if ,as though,because可以引导表从。
3、还有连接代词whatever,whoever,whichever等;(可引导主从、宾从)。
whether与if均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首时。
eg:Whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic.
2. 引导表语从句时。
eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her.
3. whether从句作介词宾语时。
eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job.
4.只有whether可以和or not连用,且多放在句末。
We didn't know whether or not she was ready.
5.后面直接跟动词不定式时。
6.whether可引导从句,作主语、表语、同位语而if不行。
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