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before的详细用法总结
Before 在英语中是一个比较常用的虚词,它既可作介词或副词用,也可作从属连词用。在近几年的高考试题中常常出现考查其从属连词用法的题目。下面就把其作为从属连词的用法归纳如下:
1. 表示“在…..之前就…..”。
Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned.
2. 表示“过了多久后才…….. ,动作进行到什么程度才……”
The man almost knocked me down before he saw me .
They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village .
They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal .
3. 表示“来不及; 尚未…..就…”
Before I could get in a word , he had measured me .
He ran off before I could stop him .
She left the company before I could have a word with her .
4. 表示“刚…就…”
I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.
5. 表示“不知不觉就…..; 还没弄清就……”
Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.
6. 表示“宁愿…,决不…,与其…,毋宁….”常与will 或would 连用。
I would die before I would tell
I’d shoot myself before I apologized to him.
I would / will die before I surrender .
7. 表示“否则;以免”
Do it now before you forget . I will write it down before I forget it .
8. 用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示 “过了多久才…”
It was three days before he came back. .
9. 用于句型 “ it was not long +时间段+ before …” 意为“不久就….”
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position .
10. 用于句型“it will be(not )+时间段+ before….”表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…”
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school .
It will be not long before you find you are wrong .
before用法
一、prep. (介词)用法
1、before可用于表示时间。首先,可以表示“先于,在…以前”,其后可以跟表示具体日期、时间等的名词或数词,也可以跟表示时间或动作的名词。其次,可以表示“在做…之前”,后接 v -ing。再次,可以表示“紧接在…之前”。before用于否定句还可表示“直到…为止”。注意before之后只能接表示时间点的名词,而不能接表示时间段的名词。
2、before可用于表示动态或静态的位置,意思是“在…之前”,与behind相对。
3、before可用于表示顺序或排列上的“在…之前”或“居于…之前”,与after相对。引申可用于表示比较,即在等级、价值、重要性、能力等方面的“在先”“优于”“重于”。再引申则可用于表示对某事物的优先选择,即“宁可”或“与其…宁可”。
4、before还可表示“面对,在…眼前,在…面前”“有待于去完成”“在审理中,由…考虑”“在…压力下”等。
二、conj. (连词)用法
1、before主要引导时间状语从句,意为“先于”“…之后才”“(不多久)就…”。当主句是将来时时,从句谓语动词须用现在时;当主句是一般过去时或过去完成时时,从句常用过去时。before引导的时间状语从句不能用于否定式。
2、before还可用于barely〔scarcely〕……before结构,意为“刚…就…”。
3、before还可引导让步状语从句,意思是“宁愿…也不…”。
4、before引导的从句常用省略句型。
三、adv. (副词)用法
1、before用作副词时,意思是“以前,在前面”,表示从较近的过去至较远的过去。用作时间状语泛指以前、不与具体时间连用时,谓语动词可以用一般过去时,也可用现在完成时,前者只表示“过去发生过”,后者则强调“对现在有影响”。
2、before与具体时间连用时,一般置于其后,谓语动词通常用过去完成时。
3、before也可表示空间或位置的“在前,在前面”,还可表示运动“到前面”。
4、Before同ago的比较:表示“早于现在多少时间前”,用ago。表示“早于过去某时多少时间前”,通常用before 。表示“早于将来某时多少时间前”,也用before。表示“早于任何某时(不是现在、过去或将来的某时)多少时间前”,仍用before。表示“从现在说到以前,不特指若干时间”时,用before。在倒数回以前,表示“一些事情已发生了多久”时,可用before。
5、before既可作副词,也可作介词,如在three hours before中为副词。在before three o'clock中为介词,但要注意before不能在表示“一段时间”的词前作介词,不能说before a month,可说a month ago。
6、 before作连接词,指“……以前”时,后接到从句中的动词一般不能用将来时。如不可以说He will arrive before she will start,可以说He will arrive before she starts。若是表示“长久以后才会发生的事”时,可用将来时。
扩展资料
before近义词
一、ahead 英 [ə'hed] 美 [ə'hed]
adv. 领先;预先;在前;向前;提前
ahead的基本意思是“在前面”,指空间、时间、位置超前,也可指关系“超过”“比…强”。ahead虽译为“在前”,但其含义有时却指“以后”,即“到将来”。
二、ago 英 [ə'ɡəʊ] 美 [ə'ɡoʊ]
adv. 以前
ago是表示时间的副词,其基本意思是“以前”,表示事情发生在“从此刻算起若干时间以前”,也可以表示“事情发生距现在有多长时间”。ago的时间参照点是现在。
before和ago怎么用
1、ago的用法:
ago表示多久时间“以前”这一意义时,注意:
(1) 只能与一段时间连用,不与一点时间连用;
(2) 只能放在时间段之后,不能置于其前;
(3) 通常只与过去时连用,不与现在完成时连用。
He left here five years ago. 他五年前就离开这儿了。
但是若用于表示推测的句子,或因为行文的需要而使句子生动等,ago 有时也可与完成式连用。如:
He may have been there a month ago. 他也许一个星期以前就去过那儿。
汉语中的“多久以前的今天(明天)”,英语一般用“一段时间+ago today (tomorrow)”来表示。如:
He died ten years ago today. 他是10年前的今天去世的。
2、before的用法:
(1)作介词:如:I will be back before 7.我七点前回来.
(2)作连词:如:I had never seen snow before I came to the north.我来北方之前从未见过雪.
(3)作副词:如:Have you ever been to Japan before?你以前去过日本吗?
(4)用在习语中:look before and after 瞻前顾后;before all things 首先;before long 不久
(5)用在句型中:It won't be long before...不久就...
扩展资料:
如果before引导的从句动作发生得晚或慢,可译成“……才”。这是主句主语或是名词、代词,或用it作形式主语。
He had almost knocked me down before he saw me.他几乎把我撞倒才看见我。
It will be hours before he arrives.要过几个钟头他才回到达。
表示在某一点时间或事件以前时,只用before不用ago,这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这一功能。如:
They will come back before six o’clock.
It is hoped that this will be finished before the year 1995.希望这件工作将在1995年以前完成。
另外,before在句中的含义较多。不少句子中,before虽然引导的也是一个时间状语,但是译成汉语时却不必译为“在……以前”。
before的用法时态
[思路分析]
Before 在英语中是一个比较常用的虚词,它既可作介词或副词用,也可作从属连词用。在近几年的高考试题中常常出现考查其从属连词用法的题目。下面就把其作为从属连词的用法归纳如下:
1. 表示“在…..之前就…..”。
Mary had finished her homework before her mother returned.
2. 表示“过了多久后才…….. ,动作进行到什么程度才……”
The man almost knocked me down before he saw me .
They walked about 30 miles to the west before they saw a village .
They worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal .
3. 表示“来不及; 尚未…..就…”
Before I could get in a word , he had measured me .
He ran off before I could stop him .
She left the company before I could have a word with her .
4. 表示“刚…就…”
I had hardly sat down before the bell rang.
5. 表示“不知不觉就…..; 还没弄清就……”
Time passed quickly and three months went by before Aqiao knew it.
6. 表示“宁愿…,决不…,与其…,毋宁….”常与will 或would 连用。
I would die before I would tell
I’d shoot myself before I apologized to him.
I would / will die before I surrender .
7. 表示“否则;以免”
Do it now before you forget . I will write it down before I forget it .
8. 用于句型“it was +时间段+ before …” 表示 “过了多久才…”
It was three days before he came back. .
9. 用于句型 “ it was not long +时间段+ before …” 意为“不久就….”
It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position .
10. 用于句型“it will be(not )+时间段+ before….”表示“要过多久/ 不久…才…”
It will be half a year before you graduate from this school .
It will be not long before you find you are wrong .
[解题过程]
before和ago都能表示在一段时间以前,但是二者的内涵和具体用法有明显的区别:
1. before表示从过去或将来某一时间算起多少时间以前,由于与这一时间状语连用的行为先发生在过去或将来某一时刻之前,因此往往出现在过去完成时态或将来完成时态中。例如:
① I called him up last night, but his mother told me he had left for Wuhan two days before.
② She said that she had married him five years before.
2.如果不具体表明多少时间以前,before意为“从前;以前”,表示从现在开始追溯到过去一段时间,或者主句的谓语动词表示的是经常、反复发生的行为,以副词的形式置于句末,可以用在现在完成时态中。例如:
①I have never been to Beijing before.
②Have you ever seen a tiger before?
③ I often go over the lessons that I have learned a few days before.
注意: before前的时间状语如果是特定的,含义不一样。试比较:
He said he had arrived here a day before. (一天前)
He said he had arrived here the day before. (前一天)
3. ago指的是从现在起到过去时间的某一点的一段时间。这个时间状语常与一般过去时态或过去进行时态连用。例如:
① I graduated from the college twenty years ago.
②I was asked what I was doing a month ago.
4. 表示在某一时间点或事件以前时,只能用before,不用ago。因为这种用法是将before当作介词或连词使用。ago不具有这种功能。例如:
① He will come back before eleven o'clock.
② Where did your brother study before he joined the army?
③ It was hoped that this would be achieved before the year 2006.
5.按语法规则,ago只能与一般过去时连用,但在since three years ago这类短语中能与现在完成时态连用。因为three years ago构成一个名词短语,共同作since的宾格,意为“自从三年前以来”。例如:
① He has been here since three years ago.
② I have taught English in this school since twenty years ago.
6. 含before的从句一般不用将来时态,如果采用“will / would +V.”时,一般被认为是情态或虚拟语气。例如:
I would die before I would confess to it.
7.如果before从句是一般过去时态,所暗示的是过去发生的事,主句则宜用过去完成时,语义偏重于过去某阶段的行为或状况时,还可与一般过去时态连用。例如:
① I had never seen a Red Army man before I arrived in Xi'an.
② They asked me things that happened before the boy was born.
8. 不少的语法书上说,before引导的从句习惯上不与否定的主句连用,要用until。实际上二者都可以,有时在意义上有些区别。试比较:
He didn't arrive until I returned. 直到我回来时他才到达。
He did not arrive before I returned. 在我回来之前他尚未到达。
I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你解释了如何干,我才设法完成了那项工作。
I didn't manage to do it before you had explained how. 你解释了如何干之后,我才设法完成了那件工作。
9. before在句中的含义比较灵活,虽然before引导的也是一个时间状语,但译成汉语时却不必死译为“在……以前”。可以采取下面几种译法:(A)译为“……才”;(B)译为“……就”;(C)译为“尚未”、“还没有”、“来不及”、“不要”、“别”;(D)译为“在……的时候还没有”;(E)译为“如果”、“否则”、“免得”;(F)译为“到”、“等到”、“没等……就”;(G)译为“然后”等。例如:
A. It will be five years before we meet again. 要等五年我们才能再见面。
We waited a long time before the train arrived. 我们等了很长时间火车才到达。
B. I hadn't waited long before he came. 我没等多久他就来了。
He had not gone a mile before he felt tired. 还没走一英里路,他就觉得累了。
C. His father died before he was born. 他尚未出世他父亲就去世了。
Catch him before he escapes. 抓住他,别让他跑了。
Take this computer before you change your mind. 买了这台电脑,不要三心二意了。
D. We arrived there before it began to rain. 我们到达那里的时候还没下雨。
E. Go before I call the police. 走吧,否则我叫警察了。
I had better go now before it is too late. 我最好现在就走,免得太迟。
Pigs will fly before he'll be a scientist. 如果他当科学家,猪都会飞了。
F. The crops will die before the rain fall. 等到天下雨,庄稼早枯死了。
Before I could sit down, he offered me a cup of tea. 没等我坐下,他就给我端上一杯茶。
G. I shaved before I went to the party. 我刮了脸,然后去参加宴会。
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