本文目录
虚拟语气的定义是啥?
虚拟语气讲解及练习
一．非真实条件句的虚拟情况:
句型 条件从句 主句
对现在的虚拟 were/did should/would/could/might+v.
对过去的虚拟 had done should/would/could/might+ have+done
对将来的虚拟 1.were/did
2.were to
3.should+v.
Should/would/could/might+v.
1. If I were you, I would go at once.
2. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
If she had told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
3. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
4.混合时间条件句：主从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
If Paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
If you ____that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched B.didn’t watch C. hadn’t watched D.wouldn’t watched
5．含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。
(1) without 和but for (要不是) 构成虚拟。
Without ( but for ) the party, we wouldn’t be so happy.
We might have died without your help. = We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
(2) otherwise , or ( 否则， 要不然) =if…not…
He studies very hard, or/otherwise he couldn’t study so well.
I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
=If I had not been so busy last week, I would have come to see you.
( 3 ) if only后加句子… “要是……就好了”
If only I could learn English in one day. If only Jim had passed the exam.
★．假设虚拟条件倒装。 条件从句中有 should, were, had 三词，把 if 省略，将这三个词提到句首
If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.
If she had told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
Had she told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
二．虚拟语气用于宾语从句中。
1. wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
wish +(that)+主语 +
I wish I could buy a spaceship some day. I wish that he wasn’t so lazy.
The exhibition was so bored that I wish I had not gone to it.
2. would rather(that)+从句，表示“愿望”的虚拟
would rather (that) + 主语 +
I would rather you had gone there. I would rather you stayed at home now
3.用于表示意愿,建议，命令，请求，提议等动词后的that宾语从句中，用(should)+动词原形,这类动词有:ask, advise, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist (坚持要求,硬要), propose, order, require, request, suggest… 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire
She advised that we should keep the door locked.
He suggests that she should leave the dangerous house at once.
He insisted that she (should) show him her passport.
三． 用于主语从句中。
（1）It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It’s necessary that we should study hard.
(3) It’s + 过去分词 + that—clause
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形， 其中的为建议，要求，命令的动词。如：insisted ,ordered , requested ,required ,demanded etc.
It was ordered that the old sick man (should) be sent to the hospital at once.
四．用于表语从句。主语为表示建议。要求，命令等的名词 如：
insistence, order ,advice ,suggestion , ,requirement 等
My suggestion is that English test( should) be read aloud by students every morning.
五．用于同位语从句His suggestion that students should wear school uniform has been agreed.
※ 当suggest表暗示，insist 表坚持说的时候，从句不用虚拟语气。
His face suggested that he was angry.(暗示)
He insisted that he was innocent.(坚称,坚持说)
六．用在as if(as though)引导的方式状语(表语)从句中,动词形式和wish宾语从句的形式相同。
as if /though +主语 +
You are talking as if you had seen them. He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
七．It is (about/high) time that+ 主语=should do/ 过去时
It is time that you should have a class.=It is time that you had a class.
It is time that you should leave. =It is time you left.
It is time for you to have a class.
可用虚拟语气的单词
要分好几种了：
1.表示愿望的。如wish(用法与if基本一致，时态倒退一级），if only(要是...那就好了）
2.but(前面的句子用虚拟语气），otherwise（后接虚拟语气），...
3.表示建议的意思等词，如suggest，order，demand，recommend，request，insist，advise...这些词的同位语从句中也用虚拟语气。
4.句型It's+adj.+that sb (should) do sth.其中形容词adj可以为important，strange，essential，desired，suggested，proposed，surprising，odd（奇怪），a pity
5.as if ,as though看句子意思判断是否用虚拟语气。
6.句型：sb.would rather +sb.did/had done sth.
7.句型：It's time/high time sb. did sth.
哪些词后面用虚拟语气
现代英语中，通用的动词虚拟式只有两个，即be型虚拟式和were型虚拟式。所谓be型虚拟式，是指不管主语是什么人，动词一律用原形，如果动词是被动态形式，则助动词一律用be。所谓were型虚拟式，是指不管主语是什么人称，动词一律用were，动词是进行时或被动态时，助动词一律用were。
be型虚拟式
1.用于表示命令、决定。建议等词语后的that分句。例如：Mary insisted that John come. /He ordered that the books be sent at once.
2.用于if,though,whatever,lest等引导的分句中，表示推测、让步、忧虑等。例如：Though everyone desert you,I will not. /If John be found guilty,he shall have the right of appeal.
3.用于某些表示祝愿、诅咒、禁止等以及公式化的语句中。
例如：
God bless you! /Heaven forbid!
were型虚拟式
1.用于wish后的that分句中，表示与现在的事实相反的主观设想。例如：
I wish I were there.
I wish it were spring all the year round.
2.用于if,as if,as though等引导的分句和suppose或imagine等后面的分句中，表示对现在时间或将来时间的主观设想。例如：
If I were you,I should wait till next week.
He spoke to me as if I were deaf.
If it were to rain,we should get wet.
1.动词suggest，order，demand，propose，request，command，insist等后的宾语从句中，用虚拟语气（即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形）来表示愿望、建议、命令、请求等。在动词wish /would rather后的宾语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符。
e.g. I suggest that we（should）set off at once．
The doctor insisted that the patient (should)be X-rayed．
I wish I were as strong as you．
I would rather that you hadn't told him．
2. 在 suggestion， proposal，idea，plan，order，advice等名词后的表语从句、同位语从句中要用虚拟语气，即should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
Our suggestion is that you（ should）be the first to go．
My advice is that we（should）send for Doctor Li．
Do you know the order that you（should）keep watch？
3. 在It is necessary/important/strange/natural；It is requested/suggested/desired/proposed；it is a pity等结构后的主语从句中要用虚拟语气，即Should+动词原形或只用动词原形。如：
It is necessary that he（should）be sent there at once．
It is requested that Professor Li（should）give us a speech．
It is desired that we（should）get everything ready by tonight．
4. 在as if引导的状语从句中，用过去式表示与现在事实不符，用过去完成式表示与过去事实不符；They talked as if they had been friends for years．
5. 在so that，in order that引导的状语从句中，（根if状语从句中的主句形式相同）常用should/would/could/might+动词原形来表示虚拟语气。如：
She stayed at home for a few days so that she could take care of her mother．
He took a taxi to the station so that she should not miss the train.
6.在it is time后面的定语从句中常用过去式表示虚拟。
It’s time I was going.
It’s time somebody taught you to behave yourself.
7. 由wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
A．用wish表示对现在的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：过去式（be动词用were）。
B．用wish表示对将来的愿望时，它所引起的宾语从句中谓语动词形式为：would, could, might+ 动词原形。
C．wish用于对过去的事实表示一种不可能实现的愿望时，宾语从句中的谓语动词形式为：had+动词过去分词或could, would + have +动词过去分词。
I wish that he weren’t so lazy.
I wish I hadn't wasted so much time.
I wish she would change her mind.
8. had hoped/ planned/ thought/ wanted/ intended表示一种过去未实现的愿望或令人失望的事。
I had thought he had been dead for at least 20 years.
I had hoped that she would go to the U.S. and study there, but she said
she liked to stay in China.
9. would rather.( 与if 从句相同)
would (had) rather, would as soon, would sooner和would prefer所引起的从句中要求用过去式表示当时或将来的情况，用过去完成时表示过去的情况，表示希望或婉转的责备。例如：
I’d rather you posted the letter right away. 我倒希望你把这封信立刻寄出去。
I would prefer he didn’t stay there too long.我倒希望他不要在那儿可得太久。
I would just as soon you had returned the book yesterday.我真希望你昨天把这本书还了。
10. 虚拟语气在由某些连词,常见的这些连词和介词有：与if 从句相同
1) unless (除非)，provided(倘若)，supposing(假若)，providing(倘若) , on condition that(如果),由这些词、词组引出的从句，动词多用过去时。
除非你命令他做，要不他是不会做的。
He wouldn't do it unless you ordered him to.
假若你有机会出国，你会去哪儿呢？
Providing(if) you had the opportunity to go abroad, where would you go?
11. for fear that(以免, 唯恐)，in order that (以便)，whether(不管)，lest(以免)，in case (假使)，从句中加情态动词，有时should可省略。
他把它藏起来以免她看见。
He hid it lest she (should) see it.
我得准备点啤酒，说不定约翰会来。
I'll get some beer in case John should come.
他轻轻地进屋，以免吵醒他的同房。
He entered the room quietly in order that he should not wake his roommate．
12. if only, 与if 从句相同
如果表示对现在的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用过去式；
如果表示将来的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用would/could+动词原形；
如果表示对过去的愿望，句中的谓语动词常用had+过去分词。
if only I were you!
If only you had come yesterday!
If only Linda could go with us tomorrow!
If only I had said more about it!
还有最常见的就是if 条件句了，你应该挺清楚了吧。就不写了。
哪些词后面的从句用虚拟语气?
一、虚拟语气在动词arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, request, require, suggest 等后面的宾语从句中,用"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
I suggested that the meeting (should) be put off.
The doctor ordered that she (should) stay in bed for a few days.
They demanded that the black people should be treated as well as white people.
注意:insist作"力言"、"强调"解时,宾语从句不用虚拟语气。只有当insist作"坚持(应该)"解时,宾语从句才用虚拟语气。例如:
Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything.
I insisted that you give me my money back.
二、虚拟语气用于表语从句、同位语从句做advice, idea, order, demand, plan, proposal, suggestion, request 等名词的表语从句和同位语从句,其谓语动词要用虚拟语气的结构"(should)+动词原形"。例如:
We all agreed to his suggestion that we (should)go to Beijing for sightseeing.
My idea is that he (should) do exercises first.
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