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用现在分词写的一篇作文
代替主句的现在分词短语
1.如主语同时做出两个动作时,通常其中的一个动作可以由现在分词来表示,这时分词既可以放在动词不定式之前,也可以放在之后:He rode away.He whistled as he went.
他骑马走了.他一边走一边吹着口哨.相当于：
He rode away whistling.
他吹着口哨骑马走了.
He holds the rope with one hand and stretches out the other to the boy in the water.相当于：
Holding the rope with one hand,he stretches…
他一只手拉着绳子,把另一只手伸给水中的男孩.
2.如主语所做的一个动作紧接着所做的另一个动作,第一个动作常常用现在分词来表示,而且分词必须放在前面:
He opened the drawer and took out a revolver.相当于：
Opening the drawer he took out a revolver.
他打开抽屉,拿出了一把左轮手枪.
She raised the trapdoor and pointed to a flight of steps.相当于：Raising the trapdoor she pointed to a flight of steps.
她把翻板活门拉开,指着一段台阶.
We take off our shoes and creep cautiously along the passage.相当
于：
Taking off our shoes we creep cautiously along the passage.
我们脱了鞋,小心地、偷偷地沿着走廊走过去.
这里好像用现在分词的完成式更合乎逻辑,如Having opened,Having raised,Having taken off等等.但除了使用现在分词的一般式可能使意思含混不清的时候以外,不必要使用完成式.举一个必须使用分词完成式的例子：Eating his dinner he rushed out of the house会给人这样一种印象,好像他手里还使着菜盘子就走出了房子.因此,这里最好用Having eaten his dinner…形式.
3.第二个动作构成第一个动作的一部分时或第二个动作是第一个动作的结果时,可以用现在分词表示第二个动作:
She went out,slamming the door.
她出去后,砰地关上门.
He fired,wounding one of the bandies.
他开了枪,打伤了其中一个匪徒.
I fell,striking my head against the door and cutting it.
我摔了个跟头,头撞在了门上,划了个口子.(这个句子中有三个动作,后面的两个动作是用分词来表示的.)
这样使用的现在分词的主语不一定要同前面的动词的主语相同.它可以有自己的主语：
The plane crashed,its bombs exploding at it hit the ground.
飞机坠毁了,它携带的炸弹在它触地的同时爆炸了.
非谓语中with加宾语加现在分词例句
现在分词在句中可以作定语，表语，宾语补足语或状语。
1，作定语
作定语的现在分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面，如果是现在分词短语，则放在别修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
coming week 下周
The girl standing there(=who is standing there) is my sister.站在那边的那个女孩是我妹妹
Did you see the girl dancing (=who was dancing) with your brother? 你看到了和你弟弟跳舞的那个姑娘吗？
2，作表语
现在分词作表语时，多表示主语所具有的特征。一般跟在系动词be, get, become, look, sound, feel, keep, remain, grow, seem, appear 等后面。
The story sounds interesting.那故事听起来很有趣。
The news was disappointing.那消息令人失望。
现在分词作表语，常见的有：exciting, interesting, disappointing, discouraging, encouraging, puzzling, missing , surprising, confusing, amusing , charming, astonishing, shocking, inviting. 这些现在分词几乎已经变成形容词，常可用very修饰。
The news is very interesting .这消息很有趣。
3，作宾语补足语
现在分词常可用在see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, have,.
等后面作宾语补足语。
They kept me waiting for a long time. 他们让我等了很久。
He saw people coming and going. 他看见人们来来往往。
We heard him singing in his room. 我们听见他在房间里歌唱。
4，作状语
现在分词短语可作状语，表示原因，时间，方式，伴随情况，结果或条件。
（1） 相当于原因状语从句
Being ill(=As she was ill), she didn’t go to school today. 生病了，她没去学校。
Seeing nobody at home, I decided to come again.看见没人在家，我决定再来一趟。
(2) 相当于when 等引起的从句
Hearing the good news (=when he heard the good news), he jumped with joy.听见这个好消息，他高兴地跳起来。
Walking in the street (=while I was walking in the street ), I saw a friend of mine.走在街上时，我遇见了我的一个朋友。
(3). 表示行为方式，伴随状况或补充说明等。
He sat at the table reading China Daily. 他坐在桌边看中国日报。
Laughing and talking , they went into the room. 他们又说又笑地走进房间。
(4)表示结果
Her mother died in 1963, leaving her with four younger brothers and sisters. 她妈妈1963年的时候死了，抛下她和四个弟妹。
The child fell, striking his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤，头被门碰破了。
(5)表示条件
Weather permitting (= if weather permits), we’ll go there on foot. 如果天气允许，我们就步行到那里。
Judging by his accent, he must be from America. 听他的口音，他一定是美国人。
现在分词用法
1.作主语：通常被看作是单数不可数名词,所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式.
Driving fast is very dangerous.
Swimming is my favourite sport.
Painting is an art.
Hearing the bad news made him cry.
注意：现在分词作主语时,和动词不定式一样,当它是较长的短语时,常常用it作形式主语,而把现在分词放到句末.
如：It's nice spending the holiday at the beach.
It's tiring working late.
现在分词作主语时的常用句型：
a waste of time
no good/no use
It +be+ little/hardly any use + V-ing分词
not/hardly worth
worth/worthwhile
如：It's no use complaining.
It's no good smoking a lot.
It's a waste of time doing such a thing.
no
no sense in（没有道理）
There +be+ no point in（毫无意义） +V-ing分词
no use in
Nothing worse than(没有比...更糟糕的)
如：There was no knowing what he was doing.
There is no point (in) doing so.这么做,毫无意义.
经常跟在it +be后面的形容词,然后接动名词作实际主语的形容词还有：
Odd古怪的\x09Crazy疯狂的\x09Hopeless无望的\x09Nice
Funny好笑的\x09Foolish愚蠢的\x09interesting\x09Tiring累人的
better\x09terrible\x09Enjoyable愉快的\x09Pointless无意义的
2作表语：-ing分词作表语多和系动词be连用.注意：如果主语用了不定式,表语也要用不定式；同样地,如果主语用的是-ing分词,表语也应用-ing分词.即,作主语和表语的动词在形式上的一致.
如：Seeing is believing=To see is to believe.
My favourite sport is swimming.
Her only hobby(爱好) is collecting stamps.
☆注意：现在分词作表语和动词不定式作表语的区别在于：现在分词表示习惯性动作；而不定式表示一次性的具体动作.
如：My plan is to finish my homework before tomorrow.
My favourite sport is swimming.
3. 作宾语
英语中,有相当一部分动词后,只能接-ing分词作宾语.
这类动词主要有：
Admit承认\x09advise\x09Anticipate期望做..\x09Detest憎恨做...
Defer推迟\x09suggest\x09Escape逃避做..\x09Quit停止做..
Deny否认\x09Miss错过\x09Avoid避免做...\x09Tolerate忍受..
现在分词作状语的例句英语
一、作时间状语 如果现在分词的动作和主谓语的动作同时发生，分词用一般式，有时其前可以加上连词while或when。例如： ①Hearing the news，they all jumped with joy.(＝When they heard the news，they...) 听到这个消息时，他们都高兴得跳了起来。 ②Walking slowly across the grass，he pointed the gun at the lion and fired. 他慢慢地走过草地，把枪对准狮子就射击了。 ③One day，while walking along the sands towards his boat，Crusoe saw in the sand the mark of a man's foot. 有一天，克鲁索沿着沙滩走向他的船时，在沙子里看见一个人的脚印。 如果现在分词的动作结束之后，谓语动词的动作才发生，现在分词应用完成式。这时分词所表示的动作有一定的持续性。如果用一般式就会给人感觉到似乎是"某人在做某事时就开始做某事"，容易产生误解。但是，如果现在分词是hear，see等表示感官的动词或是leave，arrive，turn，open等表示位置转换或情况改变的动词，现在分词所表示的动作发生后，主句的动作往往紧接着发生，那就不必用完成式，仍用一般式。例如： ①Having watered the flowers(＝After／When he had watered the flowers)，he began to cut the grass. 他把花浇好后，开始割草。 ②Having eaten his dinner，the boy rushed out. 那男孩吃完了饭就跑出去了。 ③Hearing the footstep below(＝When he heard the footstep below)，he rose and went to the top of the stairs. 听见下面脚步声，他站起身来走到楼梯口去。 ④Seeing a large cake flying through the air，the driver pulled up quickly. 司机看见一只大蛋糕在空中掠过，赶紧刹车。 二、作方式状语 现在分词作方式状语很容易与伴随状语、同位语、定语相混淆。试分析下列句子： ...But later，people developed a way of printing，using rocks. ……但是以后，人们利用石块发展了印刷术。 有人对该句using rocks提出了以下看法： 1)把它视作相当于一个非限制性定语从句。 2)把它视作a way of printing的同位语。 3)把它视作状语，表示伴随情况或方式。 笔者赞成第三种看法，表示方式状语(但不是伴随状语)。因为句中using rocks表明人们用什么方法发明了一种印刷方法，是涉及到用how或by what means的回答问题，所以，如果把句中using前的逗号去掉，改为by，则句意保持不变。又如： He earns a living by driving.他靠开卡车谋生。 They would be ableto reply to our signals by using similar methods. 他们将能用同样的方法回答我们的信号。 三、作目的状语例如： ①Pappy ran out to the gate and told him not to come fooling(＝to fool)round there no more. 巴比跑到大门口去叫他不要再到这儿来游荡。(钱歌川，《英语疑难详解》P237) ②The six blind men stood there begging for a meal.(＝in order to beg for a meal)六个瞎子站在那儿要饭。 四、作结果状语例如： ①I thought he was making fun of me，and ran faster than ever，reaching(＝so that I reached)the school yard quite out of breath. 我想他在拿我开玩笑，就越发跑得快了，到达校园时已经上气不接下气。 ②Her husband died ten years ago，leaving her with three children to look after.她丈夫十年前去世了，撇下她和三个孩子。 五、作伴随状语 伴随状语的特点是：它所表达的动作或状态是伴随着句子谓语动词的动作而发生或存在的。例如： ①He sat in the armchair，reading a newspaper. 他坐在扶手椅里读报。 ②All night long he lay awake，thinking of the problem. 他整夜躺在床上睡不着，思考着那个问题。 六、作原因状语 现在分词短语作原因状语，尤其是be，feel，know，recognize，fear等状态动词的现在分词(短语)，以及现在分词的否定式用作状语时，通常表示 原因。例如： ①Being sick，I stayed at home.我因病呆在家中。 ②Not knowing her address，I can't write to her.由于不知道她的地址，我没法给她写信。 ③Not having done(＝As he has not done)his homework，he stayed at home. 由于他没完成作业，只好呆在家里。 七、作条件状语例如： Taking(＝If you take)the path that leads out of the town，you will come to a dense wood. 如果你沿着通向郊外的小道前进，就会走到一片密林处。 八、起补充说明作用 现在分词短语起补充说明的作用与伴随状语有些相似，但严格地说，它不是伴随状语，因为它所表达的情景不与句子的动作相伴而产生，实际上，它起着补充说明的作用，相当于一个并列分句，但比分句简洁、明快。例如： ①My train leaves at six，arriving in Chicago at ten.＝...and will arrive in Chicago at ten. ②The visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks，adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.＝...and added that he had enjoyed his stay here.
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