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虚拟语气如果我没有看这场电影我会感到遗憾吗
If I had not watched/seen the film, I would have regretted.
对过去作假设,if引导的从句用过去完成时态,主句用would加现在完成时。
断背山经典台词中英对照
断背山是一部2005年的美国爱情、剧情片,改编自安妮·普露所著的同名短篇小说《断背山》,由华人导演李安执导,断背山经典台词赏析,电影中的唯美爱情。
《断背山》经典台词
“I wish I knew how to quit you.”
乍一看,也许你会根据字面意思翻译这句话:“我希望我知道如何戒掉你”。但仔细观察你就会发现,这里的knew的过去式表明这句话运用的是虚拟语气,意思恰恰相反,而且还加强了“愿意”的程度。实际上“我真想知道,我怎样才能戒掉你”这句话的意思是:“我想,我是离不开你了。”我们可以感受到,《断背山》中执着的Jack对自己相恋20年总是瞻前顾后、迟疑不决的同性恋伙伴Ennis讲的这句运用了虚拟语气的刻骨铭心的话,表达了怎样强烈的情感。
《断背山》中这句”I wish I knew how to quit you!”准确地描述了情感世界中当事人那种欲罢不能、难以割舍的心态,因此李安在得到奥斯卡最佳导演的感言用”I wish I knew how to quit you!”开场,以表达一位电影人获得电影大国导演行业最高荣誉时,那种复杂微妙的心态和感触。在李安拿奖时说这句话,我们可以当作“我真想知道怎么能割舍我对你的一片痴情!”,这种不失诙谐的感言开场白,也把获奖者对这一奖项的尊重和恭维,以及得到它时那种其实心安理得、但表现出受宠若惊的心态,表达得淋漓尽致。
这句话在不同的场合和不同的语气下说会有不同的含义。在影片中,我们可以把这句话当作痴情的倾诉“我真想知道如何才能把你割舍”。在日常生活中,好朋友之间闹矛盾后欲和解时,也可以用这句话自我解嘲,表达友谊在自己心中的地位。每个人心中都有一座断背山,每个人的生活中也都不失“I wish I knew how to could you.”的表达时机,因为这句极简的话语含蓄如诗,却又情深似海。
Ennis Del Mar: I’m gonna tell you this one time, Jack fuckin’ Twist, an’ I ain’t foolin’. What I don’t know – all them things I don’t know – could get you killed if I come to know them. I mean it.
恩尼斯·德尔玛:这一次我要告诉你,狗娘养的杰克·特维斯特,我不是傻瓜。我不知道——我真的不知道——如果我知道了那些人我是不是会宰了你。我就是这个意思。
Jack Twist: Yeah well try this one, and I’ll say it just once!
杰克·特维斯特:你试试啊,我只说这么一次!
Ennis Del Mar: Go ahead!
恩尼斯·德尔玛:说吧!
if虚拟语气的三种形式例句五句
条件句中虚拟语气的形式
从句中提出一种与客观现实不相符或根本不可能存在的条件,主句会产生的一种不可能获得的结果.条件句中的虚拟语气根据不同的时间有三种不同的形式.
时间 从句谓语形式 主句谓语形式
将来 动词过去式(be用were)
should + 动词原形
were to + 动词原形
would / should / might / could + 动词原形
现在 动词过去式(be 用 were) would / should / might / could + 动词原形
过去 had +动词过去分词 would / should / might / could have + 动词过去分词
2.条件中的虚拟语气的举例
(1) 将来时的条件句中的虚拟语气.如:
If he should go to Qing Hua University,he would make full use of his time.如果他要上清华大学的话,他就会充分利用他的时间了.
If he were to come here,he would tell us about it.如果他要来的话,他会通知我们一声.
(2) 现在时的条件句中的虚拟语气.如:
If he were free,he would help us.要是他有空的话,它会帮助我们的.
If he studied at this school,he would know you well.如果他在这所学校学习的话,它会对你很熟悉.
(3) 过去时的条件句中的虚拟语气.如:
If I had seen the film,I would have told you about it.我如果看过这场电影,我会把电影内容告诉你了.
If I had got there earlier,I would have met Mr.Li.如果我早点到那儿,我就会会到了李先生.
3.运用条件句中的虚拟语气时,须注意的几个问题
(1) 当从句的主语为第三人称单数时,谓语动词若是系动词be时,可用was代替were.但在倒装虚拟结构及if I were you,as it were中,只能用were.如:
Were I ten years younger,I would study abroad.要是我还年轻十岁的话,我会去国外学习.
If I were you,I would try my best to grasp the chance.要是我是你的话,我要尽力抓住这次机会.
(2) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句的动作若不是同时发生时,须区别对待.
①从句的动作与过去事实相反,而主句的动作与现在或现在正在发生的事实不符.如:
If I had worked hard at school,I would be an engineer,too.如果我在学校学习刻苦的话,我现在也会使工程师了
If they had informed us,we would not come here now.如果他们通知过我们的话,我们现在就不会来这里了.
②从句的动作与现在事实相反,而主句的动作与过去事实不符.如:
If he were free today,we would have sent him to Beijing.如果他今天有空的话,我们会已经派他去北京了.
If he knew her,he would have greeted her.要是他认识她的话,他肯定会去问候她了.
③从句的动作与过去发生的情况相反,而主句的动作与现在正在发生的情况相反.如:
If it had not been raining too much,the crops would be growing much better.如果天不下太多的雨的话,庄家会长得更好.
If he had been working hard,he would be working in the office now.要是他工作一直努力的话,他现在已进了办公室了.
(3) 当虚拟条件句的谓语动词含有were,should,had时,if可省略,而将were,should,had等词置于句首.如:
Should he agree to go there,we would send him there.要是他答应去的话,我们就派他去.
Were she here,she would agree with us.如果她在这儿的话,她会同意我们的.
Had he learnt about computers,we would have hired him to work here.如果她懂一些电脑知识的话,我们会已经聘用他来这里工作了.
(4) 有时,句子没有直接给出假设情况的条件,而须通过上下文或其他方式来判断.如:
I would have come to see you,but I was too busy.我本该来看你了,然而我太忙了.
But for his help,we would be working now.要不是他的帮助,我们还会在工作呢.
Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.要是没有你的指导,我不会取得如此大的进步.
(5) 有时,虚拟条件句中,主、从句可以省略其中的一个,来表示说话人的一种强烈的感情.
①省略从句
He would have finished it.他本该完成了.
You could have passed this exam.你应该会通过这次考试了.
②省略主句
If I were at home now.要是我现在在家里该多好啊.
If only I had got it.要是我得到它了该多好啊.
含有if的从句
这是出自《加勒比海盗:黑珍珠诅咒》 Mullroy 的一句话.这种表达看上去不“规范”,但的确还是有人这么说话.有一种解释:if 的虚拟假设用的是过去进行时,强调说话的过程,相当于中文说的“整个是在说谎”.而主句用 wouldn't have done 也是情理之中的事,因为这个否定是真实的.
这类带有“双重否定”意味的表达方式在英语中还有很多,如 I didn't tell nobody 等,而且多出自文化程度低或社会下层人士.文学作品中出现这样的表达方式正好可以以此给角色贴上标签.
If he were telling the truth,he wouldn't tell us:估计不会有人这样说.因为在说话人的潜意识里,tell us 的行为已经发生了,所以一定会用 wouldn't have told us 的形式.
If he had told the truth,he wouldn't have told us.这是一种“有教养的”表达方式,当然可以.
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