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独立主格8种基本句型例句和非谓语
独立主格8种基本句型例句是：
1、名词／代词＋现在分词。
2、名词／代词＋过去分词。
3、名词／代词＋不定式。
4、名词／代词＋名词。
5．名词／代词＋形容词短语。
6．名词／代词＋副词。
7.名词／代词＋介词短语。
8.with引导的复合结构，也可以认为是一种独立主格结构。
独立主格简介：
我们称动作状态实行者为逻辑主语，称该状态为逻辑谓语，在中文翻译上与状语从句没什么区别。
“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
独立主格结构是什么意思
独立主格结构是一个独立主格的名词或代词（作为逻辑主格），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语。其作用相当于状语，多用来表示行为、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。这种结构多用在书面语中。
一、几种常见的独立主格结构形式
1.名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。如：
1）The moon appearing,they decided to go on with theirjouney.
2）Good-bye said,he went home.
2.名词（或代词）＋形容词。如：
3）The weather(being)hot,we all went swimming.
3.名词（或代词）＋不定式。如：
4）Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the policewent.
4.名词（或代词）＋介词短语。如：
5）He climbed in,sword in hand.
5.名词（或代词）＋副词。如：
6）The meeting(being)over, we left the room.
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词 + 分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
(作逻辑主语) (作逻辑谓语)
1. All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.
2. The question settled, we went home.
3. The river having risen in the night, the crossing was impossible.
主格名词/代词 + 分词 (过去分词/现在分词)
主格名词/代词 + 形容词
1. His mother being ill, he had to stay home to look after her.
2. Other things being equal, I would buy the black dress.
主格名词/代词 + 副词
The meeting being over, our headmaster soon left
the meeting-room.
We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree
away from home.
主格名词/代词 + 不定式
主格名词/代词 +介词短语
Our English teacher came into the classroom, papers in hand.
with复合结构 与 独立主格结构
它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状况状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同,但其结构形式和名称却不相同.
with复合结构的模式是:
with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
独立主格结构的模式是:
主格名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语
一,作时间状语
1,With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and
some birds fly south.
=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some
birds fly south.
二,作原因状语
1,With the weather terribly cold, we entered the
room to warm ourselves.
= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.
2,With the key having been lost, she could not
enter the room.
= The key having been lost, she could not enter the room.
三,作条件状语
1,With time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
= Time permitting, we'll visit the Summer Palace.
2,With the car going wrong, we'll have to stop
at the foot of the mountain.
= The car going wrong, we'll have to stop at the foot
of the mountain.
四,作伴随状语
1,The mother was cleaning the house with her baby
playing on the bed.
=The mother was cleaning the house, her baby playing
on the bed.
2,Last night I followed him, with a sword in my hand.
= Last night I followed him , sword in hand.
无论with复合结构还是独立主格结构,都不可有动词的谓语形式充当其中的逻辑谓语.如下例中的was就必须去掉:
He sat at the desk reading
with a pen was in his right hand.
with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and
flowers in blossom.
= Soon she arrived at a park whose grass was green
and whose flowers were in blossom.
独立结构的不同形式
独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词(过去分词;形容词;副词;不定式;名词;介词短语) 。
独立主格结构（Absolute Construction）是一种英语句式，由两部分组成，前一部分是名词或者代词，后一部分是非谓语动词(动名词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。
在英语中，谓语只能是动词，不是谓语的动词全部改成非谓语动词。独立主格结构在句中作状语，多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子，在句子中作状语，表时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的及状态等。
英语独立主格结构的3种形式
独立主格类型1：名词（代词）+现在分词 The question being settled, we went home. 问题解决之后，我们就回家了。 We shall play the match tomorrow, weather permitting. 明天假设天气好，我们就进行比赛。 The monitor being ill, we’d better put the meeting off. 班长病了，我们最好还是延期开会吧。
独立主格类型2：名词（代词）+过去分词 The job finished, we went home. 工作结束后我们就回家了。 The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。 More time given, we should have done the job much better. 如果给我们更多的时间，我们会把工作做得更好。
独立主格类型3：名词（代词）+不定式 Nobody to come tomorrow, we will have to put off the meeting till next week.
独立主格类型4：名词（代词）+介词短语 The soldiers dashed in, rifle in hand
独立主格类型5：名词（代词）+形容词或副词 He sat in the front row, his mouth half open
独立主格类型6：There being +名词（代词） There being nothing else to do, we went home
独立主格类型7：It being +名词（代词） It being Christmas, the government offices were closed
说明：独立主格结构有时可在其前加上介词with。如： Don’t sleep with the windows open
请看下面一道题 Not far from the school there was a garden, _________ owner seated in it playing chess with his little grandson every afternoon. A. its B. whose C. which D. that
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