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独立主格8种基本句型例句和非谓语
独立主格8种基本句型例句有如下：
1、“名词/代词+不定式”结构
由不定式构成的独立主格 结构往往表示还未发生的动作或状态，在句中常作原因状语，偶尔作条件状语。例如：
His friends to come tonight,he is busy preparing the dinner.
他的朋友今晚要来，他正忙着准备晚餐。
No one to wake me up,I might be late for the first class.
如果没人叫醒我，我会错过第一节课的。
2、“名词/代词+现在分词”结构
现在分词表示前面的名词或代词主动进行的动作或状态等。“独立结构”中的being或 having been有时可以省去，这样就成了无动词分句或过去分词分句。例如：
The man lay there, his hands trembling.
那个男子躺在那儿，双手在颤抖。
So many students being absent, the meeting had to be put off.
那么多学生没到,会议不得不推迟。
His homework having been done, Tom went to sleep.
做完作业后，汤姆睡着了。
3、“名词/代词+过去分词”结构
过去分词表示前面的名词或代词被动完成的动作或所处的一种状态。例如：
he boy lay on his back, his hands crossed under his head.
男孩仰卧着，双手交叉放在头下。
4、“名词/代词+名词”结构
名词一般做前面名词或代词的同位语。例如：
Many people joined in the work, some of them women and children.
许多人参加了这项工作，其中有些是妇女和儿童。
He fought the tiger，a stick his only weapon.
他与老虎搏斗，那是他唯一的武器。
5、“名词/代词+形容词”结构
形容词（短语）说明前面名词或代词的性质，状态，原因等。例如：
The floor wet and slippery, we had to stay outside for a while.
地面很湿,我们只好在外面呆一会儿。
I heard that she got injured in the accident， my heart full of sorry.
我听说她在这场事故中受伤了,心中充满担忧。(形容词,表伴随)。
这两个句子也可以看成是省略了being,如果加上，就变成了现在分词分句。
6、“逻辑主语+副词”结构
副词说明前面名词或代词的状态。例如：
The meeting over, we all went home.
会议结束，我们都回家了。
7、“逻辑主语+介词短语”结构
介词短语说明伴随前面名词或代词的方式或者状态。例如：
The teacher came in, a book under his arm.
老师在他的胳膊下夹着一本书进来了。
The hunter entered the forest， gun in hand．
那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。
Nobody at home, the thief took a lot of things away.
家里很多东西都没人拿走。
8、“with/without”引导的独立主格结构
A woman got on the bus with a baby around her arms.
一位妇女抱着一个婴儿上了公共汽车。
英语中的悬挂结构是什么意思
独立结构是带有自己逻辑主语的结构，又称独立主格结构。作为句子的一个语言单位，其行文简单明了，功能多样。
Ø
独立结构的形式
I.
名词（或主格结构）＋动词的非谓语动词形式
Here
are
the
first
two
volumes,
the
third
one
to
come
out
next
week.
The
plan
having
been
made,
what
is
important
is
to
put
it
into
practice.
The
duty
completed,
he
had
three
months’
leave.
II.
名词（或主格代词）＋形容词
He
entered
the
room,
his
nose
red
with
cold.
She
looked
at
him
expectantly,
her
eyes
full
of
excitement
and
curiosity.
III.
名词（或主格代词）＋介词短语
I
stood
at
his
left,
my
finger
on
the
button,
waiting
for
the
order.
The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
chalk
in
one
hand,
(a)
textbook
in
the
other.
IV.
名词（或主格代词）＋副词
Class
over,
all
the
students
went
out
from
the
classroom.
He
put
on
his
socks,
wrong
side
out.
V.
名词（或主格代词）＋名词
His
first
shot
failed,
he
fired
again.
She
sat
alone
in
the
room,
her
only
company
a
dying
fire.
注意：以上独立结构都可以看成是带being的分词复合结构的省略形式。加入being就变成了分词的复合结构。如：
Here
are
the
first
two
volumes,
the
third
one
(being)
to
come
out
next
week.
He
entered
the
room,
his
nose
(being)
red
with
cold.
I
stood
at
his
left,
my
finger
(being)
on
the
button,
waiting
for
the
order.
VI.
介词with或without引导的独立结构
这种独立结构的一般构成为：with/without+名/代词＋(分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语)，如：
With
the
old
man
leading,
the
two
started
towards
the
mountains.
She
felt
nervous,
with
all
eyes
fixed
on
her.
Never
sleep
with
the
window
open
in
the
winter.
With
John
away,
we’ve
got
more
room.
With
five
minutes
to
go
before
the
last
train
left,
we
arrived
at
the
station.
His
wife
came
down
the
stairs,
with
her
two-year-old
son
in
her
arms.
VII.
“There
being
+名词”
结构
There
being
no
money
left,
we
have
to
change
our
plan.
There
being
no
spare
parts,
the
equipment
could
not
be
repaired
at
once.
Ø
独立结构的句法功能
独立结构在句中多作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随或补充说明，偶尔也作定语或主语（如最后两例句），如：
The
bell
ringing,
all
the
pupils
went
into
the
classroom.
Weather
permitting，the
football
match
will
be
played
next
Sunday.
The
question
being
rather
difficult,
we
must
take
time
to
consider
it
carefully.
The
brave
man
fought
the
man-eating
tiger,
a
stick
his
only
weapon.
How
can
I
work
with
you
making
all
that
noise?
The
war
was
over,
without
a
shot
being
fired.
A
little
boy
with
two
of
his
front
teeth
missing
ran
into
the
room.
Jenny
in
trouble
was
the
reason
for
my
rushing
there.
英语中的独立主格结构语法
（一）独立主格结构（ 也称为独立结构 ）的定义 “独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。 如何理解这句话？一个是“主格”怎么理解？一个是“独立”怎么理解？ 所谓“主格”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，“主格”就由此而来，逻辑主语不同于主句的主语。有了逻辑主语，就会有逻辑谓语，它的逻辑谓语就是由“分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语（作为逻辑谓语）构成”。这就意味着：独立结构的类型包括不定式独立结构、分词独立结构、无动词独立结构、介词独立结构等。 所谓独立，就是在形式上与主句没有关系，才称之“独立”。跟主句没有任何句法联系；但在意义上却与主句紧密联系在一起，共同构成一个完整的语义环境。独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。实质上并非真正的独立，仍然属于主句的从属短语的一种结构，在句中有多种作用。如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等，在句中通常起状语作用，多用于书面语描述性文字，不常用于口语。在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。 “独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。下面两点很重要。 1.非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。 2.有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，也可成为独立主格结构。 英语的独立结构的出现，使英语语言走出了一条经济之路，可以用更少的字词表达同样丰富的内容，使英语表达更趋于简洁。表面上看，独立结构是个破碎的英语，而透过它的内涵，描述又是那么简明生动，是指导今后阅读写作的一种有效工具。写作中学会用独立结构，可帮助我们把英语表达提升到一个更高的层面。 为了加深对独立结构的了解和认识，像学其他语法知识一样，离不开其结构功能的例句。 （二）独立主格的功能例句 下面打线的部分就是独立结构，它们不是句子，它们没有自己的主语和谓语，只有逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。他们各自依附于主句，但不充当主句的任何成分，是独立而存的。 试分析下列例句中独立结构的逻辑主语和逻辑谓语，并指出逻辑谓语的词性或不同的短语（不定式短语、分词短语还是介词短语？） 1) 表示时间 The meeting being over, all of us went home. 开完会后，我们都回家了。 Her work done, she sat down for a cup of tea. 她干完了活，坐下来喝茶。 2） 表示条件 The condition being favorable, he may succeed. 若条件有利，他或许能成功。 3） 表示原因 There being no taxis, we had to walk. 没有出租车，我们只好步行。 He wrapped her up with great care, the night being dark and frosty. 夜又黑又冷，所以他把她裹得严严实实的。 4） 表示伴随情况 Almost all metals are good conductors, silver being the best of all. 几乎所有的金属都是良导体，而银则是最好的导体。(=Almost all metals are good conductors, and silver is the best of all.) （三）独立主格结构的构成 要了解和把握独立主格结构的构成，首先要认识独立结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词，不定式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 4）独立结构的位置比较灵活，可置于句首、句中或句尾。 构成形式有： 名词(代词)+现在分词、过去分词 名词(代词)+形容词 名词(代词)+副词 名词(代词)+名词 名词(代词)+不定式 名词(代词) +介词短语 记住独立主格结构包括两部分，第一部分都是一样的：名词或代词；第二部分，分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语。名词(代词)+形容词，名词(代词)+副词，名词(代词)+名词和名词(代词) +介词短语也称为无动词的独立结构。 分别举例如下： 如同前面的思维方法，下面打线的部分就是独立结构，它们不是句子，它们没有自己的主语和谓语，只有逻辑主语和逻辑谓语。他们各自依附于主句，但不充当主句的任何成分，是独立而存的。 试分析下列例句中独立结构的逻辑主语和逻辑谓语，并指出逻辑谓语的词性或不同的短语（不定式短语、分词短语还是介词短语？）有的词汇是多词性，看起来是动词，但此时此地是形容词，如3）中例2，open不是动词，是形容词。 1 ）名词 / 代词 + 现在分词 Winter coming, it gets colder and colder. 冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。 The rain having stopped, he went out for a walk. 雨停了，他出去散步。 The question being settled, we wound up the meeting. 问题解决之后，我们结束了会议。 2 ） 名词 / 代词 + 过去分词 “Marquis,” said the boy, turning to the man, his eyes opened wide, and his right hand raised. 3) 名词 / 代词 + 形容词 The men moved slowly forward, neck deep in the water, with their officers guiding them. It stood silent in the noon sunlight, its door open. 4 ） 名词 / 代词 + 副词 Nobody in, the thief took a lot of things away. Lunch over, he left the house. But he was thinking. 5 ） 名词 / 代词（主格） + 不定式 We shall assemble at ten forty-five, the procession to start moving at precisely eleven. 我们十点四十五分集合，队伍十一点准时出发。 Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month. 这是前两卷，第三卷将于下月问世。 We divided the work, he to clean the windows and I to sweep the floor. 我们进行了分工，他擦窗户，我扫地。 The two boys said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to his friend’s. 两个男孩彼此道了别，一个回了家，另一个去了他朋友家。 6 ） 名词 / 代词 + 介词短语（注意与名词短语、动词短语的区别） I followed him here, climbed in, sword in hand. The huntsman entered the forest, gun in hand. 那位猎人手里提着枪走进了树林。 （gun in hand 也可看成无动词的独立结构） He sat at the table, coat off, head down, and pen in hand. 7 ） 名词 / 代词 + 名词 He fought the wolf, a stick his only weapon. 他和狼搏斗着，唯一的武器是一根棍棒。 8 ）无动词独立结构的形式为 “ 逻辑主语 + 名词 / 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 ” ，常用作状语，表示方式或伴随等。 例如： a. The children, many of them infants, were left with nothing to eat. b. She sat down on the ground, her face pale with great pain. c. The class over, the students made for the dining hall. d. The teacher entered the classroom, a book in hand. 9 ）介词独立结构的形式为 “with/without + 逻辑主语 + 形容词 / 副词 / 介词短语 / 不定式 / 现在分词 / 过去分词 ” ，常作状语，表示方式、伴随、原因等。 例如“ a. He left in a hurry, with the door open. b. The boy entered the room, without shoes and socks on. c. With all the work on hand, he shouldn’t have gone to the cinema last night.d. With a lot of homework to do, I couldn’t go to bed. e. Without anyone noticing, Tom slipped out of the classroom. f. Without a word more spoken, she left. 四、独立分词结构作状语与分词短语作状语及状语从句的比较 1 ．独立分词结构作状语与分词短语作状语的区别 独立分词结构作为句子中的一个语言单位，其逻辑主语而与句子的主语并不一致。如： The day being fine, we decided to go swimming. They’ll send you the book for $10, postage included. We explored the caves, Peter acting as the guide. 但分词短语作状语时，其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致。也就是说，分词短语的逻辑主语就是主句谓语动词的主语。如： Given more practice, the students could have made still greater progress. Driving along an almost deserted country road, they run out of gas. 2. 独立分词结构作状语和状语从句的区别 1) 前者是一个短语，有逻辑主语但没有句子结构，后者是一个从句，有主谓结构； 2) 前者的逻辑主语与主句不同，后者的主语与主句的主语不一定相异； 3) 前者不需用从属连词，后者必须用从属连词。试比较： It being a holiday, all the shops were shut. As it was a holiday, all the shops were shut. 五、 不定式独立结构和分词独立结构功能的区别 （什么时候用动词不定式独立结构？什么时候用分词结构？） 1. 不定式独立结构的形式为 “逻辑主语 + 不定式”，常作状语，表示说明或伴随，偶尔也作主语。例如： a. We divided the work, she to clean the window and I to sweep the floor. b. I to bear this is some burden. 我担负此物颇不轻松。 2. 分词独立结构的形式为 “逻辑主语 + 现在分词/过去分词”，常用作状语，用来表示时间、原因、条件、方式、伴随等；有时可作同位语，起补充说明的作用。例如： a. The dark clouds having dispersed, the sun shone again. (时间) b. This down, he left the home. (时间) c. Nobody having any more to say, the meeting was closed. (原因) d. All his savings gone, he started looking for a job. (原因) e. Weather permitting, we’ll have a football match tomorrow. (条件) f. Everything taken into account, his plan seems to be more workable. (条件) g. He guiding her, they crossed the street. (方式) h. He was lying on the grass, his hands crossed under his head. (方式) i. He climbed slowly up the mountain, his courage slipping away at every step. (伴随) j. He returned, his face covered with mud and his clothes torn into piece. (伴随) k. Three were 50 entrances for the competition, the youngest being a girl of 14. (同位语) 六、如果一句中含有几个 “ 独立结构 ” ，通常是把表示概括意义（粗像意义的内容）的结构置于最后。 例如： The professor was slammed against the wall, his body frisked, his wrists handcuffed, his dignity lost. 教授被猛推倒墙上，被搜了身，手被拷着，尊严尽失。 七、使用独立主格四点注意 1.独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。如：After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后，学生很快离开了课室。 2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略。 (1) 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。如：It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。 (2)在There being＋名词的结构中。如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot.因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。 3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。如： Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯小姐走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。比较with的复合结构。如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. 4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。(比较动名词复合结构。) 望采纳.
独立主格结构用法带例句
一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式
独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。例如：
1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。)
独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。例如，上述例句可变为：
二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式
独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词(短语)外，还有如下特殊构成形式。
1.名词＋介词短语
1)The mayor of Hiroshima strode at a leisure pace toward the puzzled journalist,a bunch of flowers in his hands.(广岛市市长双手捧着一束鲜花，迈着方步走向那个迷惑不解的记者。)
2.名词＋形容词(短语)
1)The Trojans asleep,the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse.(特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。)
3.名词＋副词
1)This little excitement over,nothing was to be done but to return to a steadfast gaze at my mute companion.(一阵小小的兴奋过后，除了再去死死地盯着我的哑伴外，别无它事可干了。)
此外，with常常用在独立主格结构前，构成介词短语作状语。这种用法中的with不表达什么意义，因而常可省略。请看例句：
1)With a revolver in his right hand, Johnny hurled his muscular body against the door and smashed it down with a crash.(约翰尼右手拿着左轮手枪，健壮的身体猛扑在门上，轰隆一声把门撞开了。)
三、独立主格结构的用法
独立主格结构在句中一般作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、伴随状况等。
1.作时间状语
1)My shoes removed,I entered a low-ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.＝After my shoes were removed, I entered a low-ceilinged room,treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting.(我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。)
2.作条件状语
1)Weather permitting,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.＝If weather permits,they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow.(如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨小游。)
3.作原因状语
1)The storm drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.＝Since the storm was drawing near,the navvy decided to call it a day.(由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。)
4.作伴随状语
1)I took my ticket,and marched proudly up the platform,with my cheeses,the people falling back respectfully on either side.＝I took my ticket,and marched proudly up the platform,with my cheeses,and the people fell back respectfully on either side.(我拿着车票还有我的奶酪，雄赳赳气昂昂地跨步走向月台。人们似乎很尊敬我，纷纷向两边退去。)
还可以看这个PPT文档：
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