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现在分词短语是什么意思
现在分词(present participle)(又称-ing形式,现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分(定语,表语,补语,状语),并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种。一般式:doing; 一般被动式:being done; 完成式:having done; 完成被动式:having been done。 所有否定式都是在-ing前面加not ,包括独立主格形式。
现在分词在英语这一科目中,也是比较重要的一部分,具有双重性,一面具有动词的特征,可以有自己的宾语和状语;另一面具有形容词和副词的特征,可以充当表语,定语,状语,补足语,可以表示主动或正在进行的动作,是非谓语动词的一种。
分词是动词的三种非谓语形式之一,分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词的形式由动词原形加词尾-ING构成,过去分词的形式分为规则变化和不规则变化,规则变化是在动词原形后加-ED,不规则变化要单独记忆,如:rot—rotted—rotten、sink—sank—sunk、strike—struck—struck、bear—bore—borne、get—got—gotten、hang—hung—hung。
分词也具有动词的特征,有时式和语态的变化,并可以带状语或宾语,分词的否定式是在分词前加not。如:
Having hurried through his breakfast, he went to wait for the school
bus.
The problem being discussed now is our quarterly meeting.
Having been working here for four and a half years, I have no time for other
things.
Having been written in haste, the paper is full of mistakes.
When asked such a queer question, he was
at a loss how to answer it.
Not wanting to continue my service in the plant, I joined the army.
及物动词的现在分词的主动式,在时间上表示正在进行的动作,在语态上表示主动意义;及物动词的过去分词在时间上表示动作的完成,在语态上表示被动意义。如:
a refreshing breeze
feel refreshed
a frightening scene
a frightened child
a disappointing matter
a disappointed look
现在分词表示动作正在进行或一般现在时的概念,过去分词表示动作已经完成,不一定有被动意义,如:
falling leaves
fallen leaves
boiling
water
boiled
water
不及物动词come和连系动词become的过去分词要后置。如:
a former teacher become a lover
a god come down to the earth
He was a young carpenter come from the USA.
现在分词的七种用法思维导图
(一)作定语
1. 动词现在分词单独作定语,通常放在所修饰词前。The sleeping boy is Tom.
2. 现在分词短语作定语放在所修饰词的后面,意思同定语从句差不多。例如 :
Tell the children playing outside not to make too much noise. = Tell the children who are playing outside not to make too much noise.
3.现在分词可相当于非限制性定语,常用逗号分开。
Tom,wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill. = Tom, who is wearing beautiful clothes, followed me down the hill.
4. 有时现在分词可以和副词或名词构成复合词作定语。This is an English-speaking country.
(二)作表语
现在分词作表语多表示主语的特征。如amusing,
discouraging, puzzling, refreshing, astonishing, exciting 等。
The story is moving.
(三)现分在句中作宾语补足语 ,这时现在分词和前面的宾语有逻辑上的“主表”关系或“主谓”关系。
We
all found his equipment interesting. (主表关系) I saw Mary going upstairs then. (主谓关系)
(四)作状语 现在分词作状语,其逻辑主语一般是句中的主语,如果不是,需在V-ing 形式前加名词或代词主格作逻辑主语。
1. 作原因状语,相当于原因状语从句。Being ill, Mary didn't come to school yesterday.
2. 作时间状语,相当于时间状语从句。Seeing their teacher coming, the students stopped talking.
如果现在分词表示的动作与谓语表示的动作同时发生,常在现在分词前加上when或while。
While waiting for the plane, I had a long talk with Simon.
3. 作条件状语。
V-ing形式作条件状语时,相当于一个条件状语从句。Working harder, you'll be No. 1 in your class.
4. 作让步状语,相当于让步状语从句。Weighing almost two hundred jin, the stone was moved by him alone.
5. 作结果状语。 He died, leaving nothing but debts.
6. 作伴随状语或方式状语。 He sat by the roadside, begging.
(五)现在分词的完成式表示它发生在主句谓语动词表示的动作之前。
Having finished his homework, he left the classroom.
(六) 现在分词的被动式
当句子的主语是动作的承受者时,用V-ing 形式的被动式The factory being built now is a big one.
(七) 现在分词的否定形式是由“not + 现在分词”构成。
Not having been invited to the party, she had to stay home.
特殊的现在分词有哪些
常见的现在分词:
1、swim (现在分词)——swimming
2、come(现在分词)——coming
3、dance (-ing形式)——dancing
4、ski (-ing形式)——skiing
5、sit (-ing形式)——sitting
6、fly (-ing形式)——flying
7、stay (-ing形式)——staying
8、travel (-ing形式)——travelling
9、cry (-ing形式)——crying
10、play (-ing形式)——playing
11、listen (-ing形式)——listening
12、collect (-ing形式)——collecting
13、make (-ing形式)——making
14、take (-ing形式)——taking
15、write (-ing形式)——writing
16、read(-ing形式)——reading
17、clean (-ing形式)——cleaning
18、sing (-ing形式)——singing
19、sweep (-ing形式)——sweeping
20、run (-ing形式)——running
现在分词用法
现在分词用法
分词就是具有动词及形容词二者特征的词,具有形容词功能,同时又表现各种动词性特点,在句子中可以作状语,表语,宾补,定语等,用途非常广泛,分为现在分词和过去分词两类,也就是动词的ing形式和ed形式,动词的变化和使用相信大家都很熟悉了,那么分词用作修饰时又该怎么用呢,小编这次就来和大家讲讲现在分词的用法。
做表语:相当于形容词,表示主语的性质
eg. He is an amusing man.
他是一个很搞笑的人。
作定语:单个单词修饰发出该动作的名词,置于前面,短语置于后面,相当于定语从句
eg. That must be a terrifying experience.
那一定是个糟糕的经历。
There are some girls dancing outside classroom.
有一些女孩在教室外跳舞。
作状语:现在分词短语可以表示一个同时发生的次要的或伴随的动作:
eg. Carrying the schoolbag, he opened the door.
他打开门,背上书包。
现在分词短语还可以表示原因:
eg. Being refused, he is very sad.
被拒绝了,他很伤心。
现在分词短语还可以表示时间:
eg. Be careful when you cleanning the window.
擦窗的时候小心点。
作宾补:置于动词之后。
eg. I see something burning.
我看到有些东西在燃烧。
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