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独立结构与独立主格有什么关系
独立成分和独立主格没什么关系,独立成分是与全句没有语法关系的句子成分,比如,He is a Chinese,I think.
可用作独立成分的通常有4种词语,即感叹语(多用于句首)、呼语(句首句末都可)和插入语,另外,yes或no也可以看做是独立成分。
而独立主格是一种结构,一般有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式、动名词和分词)或形容词、副词、或介词短语。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。 独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、目的等。
分词做独立成分和独立主格的确是两回事。要是还有什么疑问,还可以问我,我一直在线。
英语中的独立成分作状语
英语中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等的句子成分叫状语,状语用来说明地点、时间、原因、目的、结果、条件、方向、程度、方式和伴随状况等,它一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中。 你说的独立成分只要它属于状语特性,那就可以作状语,至于放哪只要符合语法规律都是可以的。还有英语中常用的独立成分还有独立主格结构,它是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,独立主格结构实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。明白了吗。
现在分词结构作状语的例句
一、分词独立主格结构的用法
分词短语作状语时,若分词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致,分词前须加上自己的逻辑主语(名词或主格代词),这个结构叫分词的独立主格结构。如:Supper
finished (=After supper was finished), we started to discuss the picnic.
吃完晚饭,我们开始讨论野餐的事。
All things considered(If all things are considered), your article is of
greater value than hers. 全面考虑起来,你的文章比她的文章更有价值。
2.“There being+主语”也是分词独立主格结构的一种。例如:There being no danger, the police went
back to their police office. 既然没有危险,警察们又回到警察局。
There having been no rain, the crops were dying. 因为没有下雨,庄稼就要旱死了。
3. 分词独立主格结构有时可以改成“with+名词词组+分词”结构。如:The problem settled(= With the problem
settled), they were happy and relaxed. 问题解决了,他们又高兴又轻松。
4.
有些惯用的分词短语在句子里可以没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,它们往往作为句子的独立成分来修饰全句。generally/strictly/roughly/broadly/narrowly
speaking, judging from/by, considering, supposing, providing, provided等。如:
Talking of the computer, I like it very much.谈到电脑,我非常喜欢。Considering the time,
we have decided to start early tomorrow morning.考虑到时间,我们已经决定明早一早出发。
二、分词作状语的用法
分词包括现在分词和过去分词两种形式,在句中可以充当多种句子成分,其中作状语的用法最为重要和常考。分词作状语可以表示时间、原因、让步、结果、方式、条件等含义。如:
Hearing the good news, he jumped with joy. 听到这个好消息,他高兴得跳了起来。(表示时间)
Seriously injured, he had to be taken to hospital. 由于伤得严重,只好把他送往医院。(表示原因)
The fire lasted nearly a month, leaving nothing valuable.
大火持续了近一个月,几乎没剩下什么有用的东西。(表示结果)
The woman scientist entered the lab, followed by her assistants.
那位女科学家走进实验室,后面跟着她的助手们。(表示方式或伴随情况)
Once losing this chance, you can’t easily find it. 一旦失去这次机会你就很难再找回。(表示条件)
注意:分词短语作状语时,其逻辑主语就是句子的主语。一般说来,若句子主语与分词之间存在主谓关系,则用现在分词(包括一般式和完成式);若句子主语与分词之间存在动宾关系,则用过去分词或现在分词的被动式(包括一般式和完成式)。
如:
He hurried home, looking behind from time to time. 他赶紧回家,不时地向后看。
Having heard this, the woman scientist expressed her satisfaction.
听到这一点,那位女科学家表示满意。
Given more time, we could do it much better. 多给点时间,我们会做得更好。
Having been given such a good chance, how could you let it slip away?
人家给了你这样一个好机会,你怎么能轻易放过?
如何判断句子是否独立
独立成分?是不是独立结构啊
参考:
独立结构又叫独立主格结构
独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种:
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如:
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如:
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如:
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如:
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如:
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束,他们就都回家了。
6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如:
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
独立主格结构有两部分组成,前一部份是名词或者代词,后一部分是非谓语动词或其他的一些词。前后两部分具有逻辑主谓关系。独立主格结构在句中做状语,多用于书面语。
独立主格结构本身不是句子,在句子中作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、伴随等。常见的独立主格结构有如下几种:
1. 名词/主格代词+现在分词。名词/主格代词与现在分词之间主谓关系。如:
The girl staring at him (= As the girl stared at him), he didn”t know what to say. 姑娘两眼望着他,他不知道说什么好。
Time permitting (= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow. 如果时间允许的话,我们明天去郊游。
2. 名词/主格代词+过去分词。名词/主格代词与过去分词之间的动宾关系。如:
The problems solved (= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved. 随着问题的解决,质量已经提高了。
Her glasses broken (= Because her glasses were broken), she couldn”t see the words on the blackboard. 由于眼镜摔坏了,她看不见黑板上的字。
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式。名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次具体性的动作。如:
He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件,他要做一个飞机模型。
They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后,一个回了家,一个去了书店。
4. 名词/主格代词+形容词。如:
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难,无一人生还。
So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off. 这么多人缺席,会议不得不取消。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词。如:
He put on his sweater wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。
The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束,他们就都回家了。
6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语。如:
The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
Mary was sitting near the fire, her back towards the door. 玛丽靠近火炉坐着,背对着门。
独立主格结构的特点:
1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。
2)名词或代词与后面的分词,形容词,副词,不定 式,介词等是主谓关系。
3)独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
举例:
The test finished, we began our holiday.
= When the test was finished, we began our holiday.
考试结束了,我们开始放假。
The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
= After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
总统被谋杀了,举国上下沉浸在悲哀之中。
Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tomorrow.
如果天气允许,我们明天去看你。
This done, we went home.
工作完成后,我们才回家。
The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier.
会议结束后,每个人都想早点回家。
He came into the room, his ears red with cold.
他回到了房子里,耳朵冻坏了。
He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
他夹着本厚书,走出了图书馆
主语发出动作用主动(现在分词)
主语接受动作用被动(过去分词)
希望对你有所帮助,学习愉快……
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