本文目录
英语时态8种基本时态是什么意思
1、一般现在时:主语+do/does(现在分词)
2、一般过去时:主语+did
3、现在进行时:主语+am/is/are doing
4、过去进行时:was/were doing
5、现在完成时:have/has done
6、过去完成时:had done
7、一般将来时:will do/
8、过去将来时:was/were to /would do
扩展资料
在语法里,时或时态表示行为发生的时间和说话时的关系。一般分为过去式、现在式、将来式,通常也有与表示动作进行或终止的进行式和完成式等体貌一起相连用的情况。
时态连同语气、语态、体貌和人称为动词形式至少可能能够表现出的5种语法特性。
有些语言,没有时态的使用,如分析语的中文,但必要时,仍有时间副词的辅助。也有些语言,如日文,形容词的词形变化能表达出时间上的资讯,有着类似动词的时态性质。还有些语言,如俄文,一个单词就能表现出时态和体貌。
英语语法谓语动词的时态和语态
时态(tense)是一种动词形式,不同的时态用以表示不同的时间与方式。
动词时态是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式。
所谓“时”就是行为发生的时段或状态存在的时段,即:"现在、过去、将来、过去将来"四种;所谓“态”就是行为或状态发生时所呈现的状态,有一般状态、进行状态、完成状态和完成进行状态四种。由时态结合,便形成下列十六种时态: 时态现在过去将来过去将来一般时态一般现在时 一般过去时 一般将来时 一般过去将来时 进行时态现在进行时 过去进行时 将来进行时 过去将来进行时 完成时态现在完成时 过去完成时 将来完成时 过去将来完成时 完成进行时态现在完成进行时 过去完成进行时 将来完成进行时 过去将来完成进行时一般时态
一般现在时(Simple Present Tense)表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力等。
1.时间状语:Always, usually, often, sometimes, every week (day, year, month…),once a week(day, year, month…),on Sundays(on Mondays …).
2.基本结构:主语+be/do+其他;(如主语为第三人称单数,动词上要改为第三人称单数形式)。
否定形式:主语 + am/is/are + not + 其他(此时态的谓语动词若为行为动词,则在其前加don't,如主语为第三人称单数,则用doesn't,同时还原行为动词)。
一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首;用助动词do提问,如主语为第三人称单数,则用does,同时,还原行为动词。 I am a student.I am not a student.Am I a student?
Yes, you are./No, you are not. I like oranges. I do not like oranges.Do I like oranges?
Yes, you do./No, you do not. 一般过去时(Simple Past Tense)表示过去某个时间内(或某一段时间内)发生的动作或存在的状态,过去经常或反复发生的动作。
2.时间状语:ago, yesterday, the day before yesterday, last week, last(year, night, month…),in 1989,just now, at the age of 5,one day, long long ago, once upon a time, etc.
3.基本结构:主语 + 动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。
4.否定形式:主语 + was/were + not + 其他(在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词)。
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;用助动词do的过去式did 提问,同时还原行为动词。
6.例句:(1)She often came to help us in those days.那些天她经常来帮助我们。
(2) I didn't know you were so busy.我不知道你是这么忙。
一般将来时
1.概念:表示将要发生的动作、打算、计划或准备做某事。
2.标志:Tomorrow, soon, in a few minutes, ,the day after tomorrow, etc.
3.基本结构:(1)主语 + am/is/are + going to + do sth
(2)主语 + will/shall + do sth
4.否定句:在系动词is/am/are或情态动词will/shall后加not
5.一般疑问句:be放于句首;will/shall提到句首。{首字母大写}
6.例句:They are going to have a competition with us in studies.他们将有一场比赛和我们一起研究。
It is going to rain.天要下雨了。
一般过去将来时
1.概念:立足于过去某一时刻,从过去看将来,常用于宾语从句中。
2.时间状语:The next day (morning \, year…),the following month(week…),etc.
3.基本结构:主语 + was/were + going to + do + 其它;主语 + would/should + do +其它
4.否定形式:主语 + was/were + not + going to + do; 主语 + would/should + not + do.
5.一般疑问句:was或were放于句首;would/should 提到句首。
6.例句:(1)He said he would go to Beijing the next day.他说他第二天要去北京。
(2) I asked who was going there.我问,谁要去那里。
进行时态
现在进行时(Present Progressive Tense)表示现在(说话时)或当前阶段正在进行或发生的动作。
2.时间状语:Now, at this time, days, etc. look, listen
3.基本结构:主语+ be + doing + 其它
4.否定形式:主语 + be + not +doing + 其它
5.一般疑问句:把be动词放于句首。
6.例句:How are you feeling today? 你今天感觉如何?
He is doing well in his lessons.在课上他表现得很好。
过去进行时
1.概念:表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。
2.时间状语:at this time yesterday, at that time或以when引导的谓语动词是一般过去时的时间状语等。
3.基本结构主语+was/were +doing +其它
4.否定形式:主语+was/were + not +doing+其它
5.一般疑问句:把was或were放于句首。(第一个字母大写)
6.例句:At that time she was working in a PLA unit.那段时间她在人民解放军部队工作。
When he came in, I was reading a newspaper.他进来时,我正在读报纸。
将来进行时
1.概念:表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作,或表示要在将来某一时间开始,并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。
2.时间状语:Soon, tomorrow, this evening,on Sunday, by this time,in two days, tomorrow evening
3.基本结构:主语 + shall/will + be + 现在分词 + 其它
4.否定形式:主语 + shall/will + not + be + 现在分词 + 其它
5.例句:This time next day they will be sitting in the cinema.下一天的这个时间,他们正坐在电影院。
He won’t be coming to the party.他不去参加聚会了。
过去将来进行时
1.概念:表示就过去某一时间而言,将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作,主要用于宾语从句中,尤其多用于间接引语中。
2.基本结构:should/would + be + 现在分词
3.例句:He said he could not come because he would be having a meeting.他说他不能来因为要开会。 They said they would be coming.他们说了他们将要来。
完成时态
现在完成时
1.概念:过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果,或从过去已经开始,持续到现在的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:yet, already ,just, never, ever, so far, by now, since + 时间点,for + 时间段,recently, lately, in the past few years, etc.
3.基本结构:主语 + have/has + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
4.否定形式:主语 + have/has + not + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
5.一般疑问句:have或has放句首。
6.例句:The countryside has changed a lot in the past few years.
在过去的几年,农村发生了巨大的变化。
I've written an essay.我已经写了一篇论文。
过去完成时
1.概念:以过去某个时间为标准,在此以前发生的动作或行为,或在过去某动作之前完成的行为,即“过去的过去”。
2.时间状语:Before, by the end of last year (term, month…),etc.
3.基本结构:主语 + had + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
4.否定形式:主语 + had + not +p.p(过去分词) + 其它
5.一般疑问句:had放于句首。
6.例句:As soon as we got to the station, the train had left.当我们到车站的时候,火车已经开走了。
By the end of last month, we had reviewed four books.到上个月底,我们已经复习了四本书。
基本结构:主语 + had + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
①肯定句:主语 + had + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
②否定句:主语 + had + not + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
③一般疑问句:Had +主语 + p.p(过去分词)+其它
④特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句
将来完成时
1.概念:在将来某一时刻之前开始的动作或状态。
2.时间状语:by the time of; by the end of + 时间短语(将来);by the time + 从句(将来)
3.基本结构:主语 + be going to/will/shall + have + p.p(过去分词) + 其它
4例句:By the time you get back, great changes will have taken place in this area
.到你回来的时候,就将发生巨大的变化。
过去将来完成时
1.概念:表示在过去某一时间对将来某一时刻以前所会发生的动作,常用在虚拟语气中,表示与过去的事实相反。
2.基本结构:should/would have done sth.
3.例句:I thought you'd have left by this time.我想这会儿你已经走了。
He told them he would have finished it by 8 o'clock.他告诉他们他会在8点以前干完。
完成进行时态
现在完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某一时间开始一直延续到现在的动作。这一动作可能刚刚开始,也可能仍在继续,并可能延续到将来。
2.基本结构:主语 + have/has + been + doing + 其它
3.时间状语:since + 时间点,for + 时间段等。
4.例子:I have been sitting here for an hour.我已经在这里坐了一个小时。
The children have been watching TV since six o'clock.从6点起,孩子们一直看电视。
过去完成进行时
1.概念:表示某个正在进行的动作或状态,持续到过去某个时刻,还未完成,一直持续到之后的当前才结束。
2.基本结构:主语 + had + been + doing + 其它
3.例子:She had been suffering from a bad cold when she took the exam.她在考试之前一直患重感冒。
Had they been expecting the news for some time? 他们期待这个消息有一段时间了吧?
4.特殊含义:①尚未完成:He had been writing the novel.他已经在写小说了。(他没写完)
②企图:He had been studying the meaning of this proverb.他曾经学习过这个谚语。(他曾努力学习过它)
③未得结果:We had been studying what our enemy had said.我们一直致力于敌人所说的。(但是我们没有理解)
④最近情况:He had been quarrelling with his wife.他和他的妻子吵了一场架。(最近)
⑤反复动作:He had been asking me the same question.他一直问我相同的问题。(屡次)
⑥情绪:What had he been doing?他做了什么
将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示动作从某一时间开始一直延续到将来某一时间。是否继续下去,要视上下文而定。
2.基本结构:shall/will have been doing
3.例子:I shall have been working here in this factory for twenty years by the end of the year.到今年年底,我将在这个工厂工作20年了。
If we don't hurry up the store will have been closing before we get there. 咱们如不快一点儿,等我们到了那儿,店门就会关了。
过去将来完成进行时
1.概念:表示从过去某时看至未来某时以前会一直在进行的动作。
2.基本结构:should/would + have + been +现在分词
3.例子:He told me that by the end of the year he would have been living there for thirty years.他告诉我,到年底时,他就在那住了30年了。 主动语态
主语是谓语动作的使动方。也就是说谓语的动作源自主语,而施加于宾语。相反,被动语态中,主语是谓语动作的受动方,如果有宾语的,宾语往往是谓语动作的使动方。
在语法机构上,主动语态和被动语态的区别主要在于,主动语态直接使用动词原形作为谓语,然后再在该动词原形的基础上施加时态和其他语法;而被动语态则使用系词+动词的过去分词作为谓语,各种时态和其他语法也施加在系词上。
被动语态
英语中的被动语态使用得比汉语要多,要普遍,许多课本及考试乃至实际应用中都常常涉及到这个问题。一般说来,当强调动作承受者,不必说出执行者或含糊不清的执行者时,多用被动式。须注意的是,许多地方与汉语不同。注意那些汉语中没有"被……"的意思,英语却应该用被动态。还要注意,英语的被动态往往由"by"引出,而有用介词"by"的短语往往又不是被动态,而是系表结构。还有些特殊现象,如:known to man(人类......所知),on foot步行(美国人有时用by foot),in carriage (乘四轮马车)等等。还有假主动,真被动的十几个常用词的用法,以及so heavy to carry而不用so heavy to be carried 等习惯用法。有关这类情况,做到心中有数对全面掌握被动态,准确无误地解答习题非常关键,被动态必须涉及的是动词的各种时态变化的问题。英语的时态本来很复杂,怎样记住各自的被动形式呢? 首先要明确"将来进行无被动,现在完成进行同"。这两种时态无被动形式。
另外,不及物动词带有同源宾语的动词,反身代词的动词和系动词都无被动形式。即便如此,还有不定式,动名词,分词,以及它们的复合结构)的被动态,再加上情态动词,助动词以及它们的疑问式和否定式从中掺杂,真是令人头痛,眼花缭乱。下面口诀就以动词do为例,即do did过去式done过去分词,以口诀形式总结各种时态的被动态,一定对你有所启示。
一、被动语态的用法
1.一般现在时的被动语态构成:is / am / are +及物动词的过去分词
Our classroom is cleaned every day. 我们教室每天都被打扫。
2.一般过去时的被动语态构成:was / were +及物动词的过去分词
A new shop was built last year. 去年修了一座新商店。
3.一般将来时的被动语态构成:will+ be + 及物动词的过去分词
A new hospital will be built in our city. 我们城市将要修建一家新医院。
4.现在进行时的被动语态构成:am / is / are + being +及物动词的过去分词
Uncle Wang is mending my bike now.→
My bike is being repaired by Tom now. 王叔叔正在修理我的自行车。
5.现在完成时的被动语态构成:has / have + been +及物动词的过去分词
This book has been translated into many languages. 这本书被翻译成多种文字。
Many man-made satellites have been sent up into space by many countries. 在许多国家有许多人造卫星被送上了太空。
6.过去进行时的被动语态构成:was/were + being +及物动词的过去分词
The new road was being made.这条新路正在修筑。
7.过去完成时的被动语态构成:had + been +及物动词的过去分词
The classroom hadn’t been cleaned before the teacher came. 在老师来之前,教室尚未打扫。
8.将来完成时的被动语态构成:shall/will + have been done
They will have been married for 20 years by then. 届时,他们结婚将满20周年。
9.含有情态动词的被动语态构成:情态动词 + be +及物动词的过去分词
Young trees must be watered often. 小树需要经常浇水。
二、 主动语态改成被动语态
1. 先找出谓语动词;
2. 再找出谓语动词后的宾语;
3. 把宾语用作被动语态中的主语;
4. 注意人称、时态和数的变化。
例:1. Bruce writes a letter every week. →A letter is written by Bruce every week. 布鲁斯每星期写一封信。
2. Li Lei mended the broken bike this morning. →The broken bike was mended by Li Lei this morning. 李雷今天上午在修理坏的自行车。
3. He has written two novels so far. →Two novels have been written by him so far. 至今他已写了两部小说。
4. They will plant ten trees tomorrow. →Ten trees will be planted by them tomorrow. 他们明天将要种植十棵树。
5. Lucy is writing a letter now. →A letter is being written by Lucy now. 露西正在写信。
6. You must lock the door when you leave. →the door must be locked when you leave. 当你离开的时候你必须把门锁上。
三、 使用被动语态应注意的几个问题:
1.不及物动词无被动语态。
What will happen in 100 years?一百年里会发生什么事?
2. 有些动词用主动形式表示被动意义。
This pen writes well. 这支钢笔很好写。
3.感官动词或使役动词使用省略to的动词不定式,主动语态中不带to ,但变为被动语态时,须加上to。
(1)Make somebody do something →somebody+ be +made to do something
(2)See somebody do something →somebody +be +seen to do something
例句:(1) A girl saw my wallet drop when she passed by. →My wallet was seen to drop by a girl when she passed by. 当一个女孩经过的时候,看到我的钱夹掉了。
(2)The boss made the little boy do heavy work. →The little boy was made to do heavy work by the boss. 这个老板让这小男孩干重活。
4. 如果是接双宾语的动词改为被动语态时,直接宾语(物)做主语,那么动词后要用介词,这个介词是由与其搭配的动词决定。
He gave me a book. →A book was given to me by him. 他给了我一本书。
He showed me a ticket. →A ticket was shown to me by him. 他给我展示了一张票。
My father bought me a new bike. →A new bike was bought for me by my father. 我父亲给我买了一辆新自行车。
5. 一些动词短语用于被动语态时,动词短语应当看作一个整体,而不能丢掉其中的介词或副词。
We can’t laugh at him. →He can’t be laughed at by us. 我们不能嘲笑他。
四、 新兴形式的被动语态
Get+过去分词也可以构成被动语态,用这种结构的句子侧重于动作的结果而不是动作本身。如:The man got hurt on his way home. 那个男人在回家的路上受伤了。How did the glass get broken? 杯子怎么破了?著名学者周海中教授在论文《Get-Passive研究》中指出:Get+过去分词的被动语态是一种新兴的被动语态形式;相对来说它的使用还没有Be+过去分词构成的被动语态那么广泛,一般限于口语和非正式书面语;但它却有着用得愈来愈多的趋势,是一种生气蓬勃的语言现象。 在英语中,语气是动词的一种形式,它表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度。
陈述语气
陈述语气表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的和符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句。
如:(1)We are not ready. 我们没准备好。(陈述句)
(2)What a fine day it is! 多好的天气啊!(感叹句)
祈使语气
祈使语气表示说话人的建议、请求、邀请、命令等。
如:(1)Open the door,please.请打开门。(请求)
(2)Turn down the TV.关掉电视机。(命令)
虚拟语气
虚拟语气表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等,它是专门表达"假设意义”(hypothetical meaning)及其他“非事实意义”(non-factual meaning)的动词形式。
虚拟词有wish(希望)、if(如果)、hope(希望)、want(想)、think(想、认为)等。
如:(1)I wish I were a bird.我希望我是一只鸟。(我不是一只鸟)
(2)If there were no gravity, we should not be able to walk.如果没有重力(我们有重力),我们就无法行走。
(3)If I were you,I would accept it.如果我是你(我永远不可能是你,表虚拟),我将接受它。
(4)If you had been here yesterday, you would have seen him.昨天你如果在这儿,就能见到他了。(事实是“昨天你没在这儿,未见到他”)
英语的六种时态各十个例句
英语的时态是靠动词的变化和时间状语来表达的.英语中的时态共有十六种,但是常考的或较常用的只有8种,而且重点测试完成时态. 要掌握英语的时态和语态,必须掌握好英语中的助动词(do, be, have)和时间状语这两个核心问题.
1、一般现在时
主要用来表示人、事物的现在状况和特点;表示经常或习惯性的动作,句子中常有often, always, from time to time 等时间状语; 表示客观规律和永恒真理等.
He usually goes to work at 7 o’clock every morning.
She has a brother who lives in New York.
The earth goes around the sun.
Guangzhou is situated in the south of China.
考点一:表示永恒的真理,即使出现在过去的语境中,仍用一般现在时.如:
I learned that the earth goes around the sun when I was in primary school.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替一般将来时;常用的引导词有:
时间:when, until, after, before, as soon as, once, the moment/the minute, the day; 条件:if, unless, provided.
If he accepts the job, he will get more money soon.
考点三:在make sure (certain), see to it, mind, care, matter +宾语从句, 从句用一般现在时代替一般将来时.
So long as he works hard, I don’t mind when he finishes the experiment.
只要他努力工作, 我不介意他什么时候做完试验.
考点四:在the more… the more … (越……越……) 句型中, 若主句是一般将来时, 从句通常用一般现在时.
The harder you study, the better results you will get.
2、现在进行时
表说话时或目前一段时间内正在进行的活动:或表感情色彩,加强语气.与频率副词,如always,constantly,continually,again等连用表示说话人的某种感情色彩(赞叹、厌烦、埋怨等).
We are having English class.
The house is being built these days.
The little boy is always making trouble.
考点一:在时间状语或条件状语从句中表示将来正在进行的动作.
Look out when you are crossing the street.
Don\'t wake him up if he is still sleeping at 7 tomorrow morning.
考点二: 表示在最近按计划或安排要进行的动作(这时多有表示将来的时间状语).
Marry is leaving on Friday.
3、现在完成时
表示动作发生在过去,完成在过去,但强调与现在情况仍有联系,其结果或影响仍存在.现在完成时有一些标志性的时间状语:
考点一:for + 时间段;since + 时间点
They have lived in Beijing for five years.
They have lived in Beijing since 1995.
I have learned English for ten years.
考点二:常见的不确定的时间状语:lately; recently, just, already, yet, up to now; till now; so far, these days,
Has it stopped raining yet?
考点三:在表示“最近几世纪/ 年/ 月以来……”时间状语中,谓语动词用现在完成时.
in the past few years/months/weeks/days;over the past few years; during the last three months; for the last few centuries, through centuries; throughout history 等
考点四:表示“第几次做某事,”或在 “It is the best (worst, most interesting ) +名词 +that” 后面跟现在完成时.
This is my first time that I have visited China.
This is the most interesting film I have ever seen.
That is the only book that he has written.
4.一般过去时
表在过去某个特定时间发生且完成的动作,或过去习惯性动作,不强调对现在的影响,只说明过去.常跟明确的过去时间连用,如:yesterday; last week; in 1945, at that time; once; during the war; before; a few days ago; when, 注意:
考点一:used to + do,表示过去经常但现在已不再维持的习惯动作.to为不定式,后接动词原形.
be/become/get used to + doing,表示习惯于
He used to smoke a lot.
He has got used to getting up early.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,代替过去将来时.
He promised to buy me a computer if he got a raise
5. 过去进行时
表示过去某个时间点或某段时间内正在发生的动作.
The boy was doing his homework when his father came back from work.
He was taking a walk leisurely by the lake when he heard someone shouted for help.
What were you doing at nine last night?
The radio was being repaired when you called me.
6. 过去完成时
表示过去某个时间之前已经完成的动作,即过去完成时的动作发生在“过去的过去”,句中有明显的参照动作或时间状语,这种时态从来不孤立使用 ( before, after, by, up till )
There had been 25 parks in our city up till 2000.
By the end of last term we had finished the book.
They finished earlier than we had expected.
考点一:用于hardly/scarcely...when; no sooner ...than 句型中,主句用过去完成时,从句用一般过去时.
I had hardly finished my work when he came to see me.
I had no sooner got into the room than it began to snow.
No sooner had I arrived home than the telephone rang. (注意主谓倒装)
考点二:表示“第几次做某事”,主句用过去时,从句用过去完成时.
That was the second time that she had seen her grandfather.
It was 3 years since we had parted.
考点三:动词hope, expect, think, intend, mean, want, suppose, plan 用过去完成时,表示未实现的愿望、打算和意图.
I had hoped that I could do the job.
I had intended to see you but I was too busy.
7. 一般将来时
表在将来某个时间会发生的动作或情况.常和tomorrow, next year, in 2008等表示将来的时间状语连用,其表现形式多达5种.
Beijing will host the 29th Olympic Games in 2008.
考点一:一般将来时总是用在一些时间状语从句或条件状语从句的主句中:
We will begin our class as soon as the teacher comes.
(主句用一般将来时,从句中一定要用一般现在时替代一般将来时.)
考点二:某些表示短暂性动作的动词如arrive, come, go, leave, start等,用现在进行时形式表示将来.
I am leaving for Beijing tomorrow.
考点三:“祈使句 + and/or + 句子”,这种结构中and后面的句子谓语用一般将来时.
Use your head and you will find a way.
考点四:“am (is, are) going to + 动词原形”,表示打算要做的事或可能要发生的事.
“am (is, are) about to + 动词原形”表示按照预定计划或打算准备着手进行的动作.
“am (is, are) to + 动词原形”表示必须、必然或计划将要做的事.
They are to be married in this May.
8、将来进行时
表将来某个时间正在发生的动作,或按计划一定会发生的事情.
I’ll be doing my homework this time tomorrow. 明天这会我正在写作业.
The President will be meeting the foreign delegation at the airport.
9、将来完成时
表在将来某时刻之前业已完成的事情,时间状语非常明显.
考点一:常用的时间状语一般用by+将来的时间.如:by the end of this year, by 8 o’clock this evening, by March next year以及由by the time…, before或when等引导的副词从句.
By the end of next month, he will have traveled 1000 miles on foot.
By the time you reach the station, the train will have left.
By next Tuesday, I will have got ready for the exams.
考点二:在时间和条件状语从句中,将来完成时则由现在完成时表示.
The children will do their homework the moment they have arrived back from school.
英语各种时态的概念和句型结构
16种英语时态总结:
时态(Tense)是表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式.因此,当我们说时态结构的时候,指的是相应时态下的动词形式.
英语时态分为16种:一般现在、一般过去、一般将来、过去将来时,以及这四者的进行时、完成时和完成进行时.
1. 一般现在时
用法:
A) 表示现在发生的动作、情况、状态和特征.
B) 习惯用语.
C) 经常性、习惯性动作.
例:He always helps others. (他总是帮助别人.)
D) 客观事实和普遍真理.尤其要注意,如果前后文不是一般现在时,则无法保持 主句、从句时态一致.
E) 表示一个按规定、计划或安排要发生的动作,(仅限于某些表示“来、去、动 、停、开始、结束、继续”等的动词 )可以与表示未来时间的状语搭配使用 .常见的用法是:飞机、火车、轮船、汽车等定期定点运行的交通方式.
例:The next train leaves at 3 o'clock this afternoon.
(下一趟火车今天下午3点开车.)
How often does this shuttle bus run? (这班车多久一趟?)
F) 在时间和条件状语从句里经常用一般现在(有时也用现在完成时)表示将来事 情.
例:When you have finished the report, I will have waited for about 3 hours.(等你完成这份报告的时候,我就已经等了将近3个小时了.)
2. 现在进行时(be doing)
用法:现在正在进行的动作.
3. 现在完成时(have done)
用法:
A) 表示动作到现在为止已经完成或刚刚完成.
例:I bought a new house, but I _________ my old one yet, so at the moment I have two houses.
A) didn't sell B) sold C) haven't sold D) would sell
答案是C) haven't sold.
B) 表示从过去某时刻开始,持续到现在的动作或情况,并且有可能会继续延续下去.此时经常用延续性动词.时间状语常用since加一个过去的时间点,或for加一段时间,或by加一个现在时间.
例:Great as Newton was, many of his ideas ___________ today and are being modified by the work of scientists of our time.
A) are to challenge C) have been challenged
B) may be challenged D) are challenging
全句的意思是:“虽然牛顿是个伟大的人物,但他的许多见解直到今天还在受到挑战,并且被现代科学家的工作所修正.”challenge是及物动词,在本句中应当是被动语态;其动作延续到今天,所以要用现在完成时态.可见答案是C) have been challenged.A) are to challenge和D) are challenging都是主动语态,不可能是答案.B) may be challenged虽然是被动语态,但意思与全句内容不合,所以不对.
C) 表示发生在过去,但对现在仍有影响的动作或情况.通常用点动词,如:arrive, begin, find, give, lose等.
例:John has broken his left leg.(约翰摔断了左腿.)
注意事项
A) 现在完成时是联系过去和现在的纽带.现在完成时和过去时的区别在于:现在完成时强调动作的动态,或受动态的影响,是动态的结果,对现在有影响;过去时只表示过去的某个具体时间里发生的动作,与现在没有联系.
例:He worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他曾经在那家医院工作了8年.这只是讲述一个过去的事实,他现在已经不在那家医院了.)
He has worked in that hospital for 8 years.(他已经在那家医院里工作了8年.表示他从过去开始工作,一直工作到现在,现在仍在那家医院工作.)
B) 因为含有for加一段时间或since加一个时间点这样的时间状语的完成时,有动态和延续性的特点,所以不能使用终端动词或瞬间动词.
例:My sister has been married for 5 years.(过去分词做表语表示状态,可以延续)
My sister has married. Don't disturb her.(终端动词)
C) 在"this is the first/ second/ third…… time that……"句型里要求用完成时.
例:This is the second time that the products of our company have been shown in the International Exhibition.(这是我公司产品第二次参加国际展览会.)
D) 句型"It is/ has been……since"所使用的两种时态都正确.
例:It is/ has been 10 years since I last saw him.(从我上次见到他以来已经10年了.)
E) 在"no sooner than"、"hardly/ scarcely ……when"、"before"、"prior to"等句型中,主句要求完成时.
例:I haven't met that professor prior to today.(以前我从未见过那位教授.)
4. 现在完成进行时(have been doing)
用法:表示某一动作开始于过去某一时间,延续或重复地出现至今,或将继续延续至将来.
例:We have been working on this project for over a month now.(到目前为止,我们一直在处理那个项目,已经花了一个多月时间了.)
注意事项:与现在完成时相比,现在完成进行时更强调:在从过去到现在的时间里,动作或状态一直持续或一直反复出现.
例:1997年6月四级第45题
It seems oil ___________ from this pipe for some time. We'll have to take the machine apart to put it right.
A) had leaked B) is leaking
C) leaked D) has been leaking
从本题上下文看,这两个句子的意思是:“看来,这个管道漏油已有一段时间了,我们将不得不拆卸机器排除故障.”第二句表示将要采取的措施.第一句动作发生在第二句之前,并且延续到现在为止仍在继续.因此,空格中需用现在完成时或现在完成进行时.D) has been leaking是现在完成进行时,因此是本题的答案.有11%的考生误选了B) is leaking.由于本句有时间状语for some time,表示谓语动作延续,谓语不能用现在进行时,必须用和完成时有关的时态.有些考生误选了C) leaked或A) had leaked.是因为他们没有注意到本题第二句是一般将来时,所以第一句的谓语不能用过去时或过去完成时. 答案补充 5. 一般过去时
用法:
A) 表示过去某个时间发生的动作或情况.
B) 表示过去习惯性动作.特别是由would/ used to do表达的句型,本身表示的 就是过去时.
例:The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park and look at others for hours without doing anything or talking to anybody.(老人过去常常坐在宁静的公园里的一条长椅上,看着其他的人,一坐就是数个小时,什么也不干,也不和任何人交谈.)
He used to visit his mother once a week.(他以前总是每周看望一次他的母亲.)
C) 有时可代替一般现在时,表达一种婉转、客气、礼貌、商量的语气.
例:I wanted to ask you if I could borrow your car?(我想向您借车用一用,可以吗?)
Would you mind my sitting here?(您介意我坐在这里吗?)答案补充未完.请在这个地方去看: ***/question/17911608.html
OVER.
以上就是关于时态语态英文表达 ,英语时态8种基本时态是什么意思的全部内容,以及时态语态英文表达 的相关内容,希望能够帮到您。