本文目录
动词不定式怎么讲解
说白了,不定式就是to do,一般做非谓语
不定式与不定式短语的区别
先回答你区别。其实这个很明显的。看下字面的意思就能明白了。
不定式(to+动词原形,之后不带任何成分)可以做,主语,表语: To see is to believe.眼见为实。
作宾语:
如:I can afford to buy a house.类似的词语还有afford, appear, agree, ask, believe, decide, demand, desire, fail, hope, intend,learn, mean, offer, promise,refuse, wish等。
不定式作定语
不定式作定语相当于一个定语从句,它修饰以下几类名词:
⑴由动词派生或转化而来的名词,它们所对应的动词通常有不定式作宾语。这类名词主要有:attempt, claim, decision, plan, promise, intention, need,resolution,tendency, wish, failure, threat等。
Another attempt to climb the mountain will be made next month.
In his speech he expressed his determination to achieve the goal.
⑵由可能与不定式搭配的形容词派生出来的名词。这类名词主要有:anxiety, patience, ability, willingness, ambition等。
Her eagerness to learn a foreign language obvious.
⑶不定式作定语还可用来修饰代词something, anything, everything, nothing.不定式做后置定语。
Do you have anything to send? 你有什么东西要寄吗?(不定式to send的动作执行者是you)
Do you have anything to be sent? 你有什么要(我或别人)寄的东西吗?不定式to be sent的动作执行者是已被省略的me或someone else)
She has everything to lose and nothing to gain.
⑷由only, last, next, 序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词后常用不定式作定语。
Jim is the only student to answer the question correctly in his class.
You are the last to undertake the blood test.
⑸不定式常作为定语修饰there be结构的真实主语。在there be结构中,用来修饰主语的不定式有时用主动形式,有时用被动形式。当说话人考虑的是必须有人完成某件事时,不定式用主动形式。如果说话人强调的是事情本身必须被完成时,不定式则用被动形式。例如:
There is a lot of work to do.(Somebody has to do the work.)
There is a lot of work to be done.(The work has to be done.)
不定式作状语
不定式作状语相当于一个状语从句,表示形为的目的、结果或原因。
⑴表示目的。在这种情况下,不定式的逻辑主语通常也是全句的主语。
He stayed there to see what would happen.
在强调不定式目的状语时,不定式前可加in order, so as等。如:
She asked me to drive her to the airport in order to catch the 5:00 plane.
He moved the TV set to the meeting-room so as to let everyone watch it.
⑵用so……as to……, such (……) as to……, enough to……, too……to, only to等表示结果,如:
Have you got enough room to seat all of us?
She is too weak to join us in the outing.
⑶将不定式移到句首表示条件,如:
To hear the teacher better, you have to sit in the front. = If you are to hear the teacher better,……
⑷与形容词连用时,大多表示原因。这些形容词主要有:happy, kind, surprised, frightened, angry, shocked, glad, delighted, grieved,disappointed等。
They were surprised to be informed of the news. I‘m glad to hear this.
另外,
不带to 的不定式
1.表示感觉的动词
五看see,notice,watch,observe,look at 三使have,let,make 二听hear,listen to 一感觉feel
He noticed the man enter the room. 他注意到有人进屋了。
They observed her do the experiment. 他们观察她做实验了。
2.help后的不定式可以带to也可以不带to.
Can you help me (to) clean up after the meal? 饭后你能帮我洗碗吗?
3.有些类似于情态动词的词语(如rather than, had better, would rather, might as well等)之后,不定式不带to.如:
We might as well go without him. 我们可以不让他跟去。
You‘d better go now. 你最好现在走。
4. 不定式用在介词but, except, besides后时,如果这些介词前有行为动词do的各种形式,那么介词后的不定式不带to,相反则带to.
(1). She could do nothing but cry.
(2). I have no choice but to go.
(3).What do you like to do besides sleep
以上,部分参考教育资源网。
希望对你有用。
动词不定式视频讲解
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中,动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点;在历年高考中,动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一;在学生的学习实践中,动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识,下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I. 不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如:
It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同:前者作主语时,常表示某一次具体的动作;而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如:
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如:
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时,应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如:
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作宾语
1. 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握四种动词:
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有: start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如:
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话,我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你,你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济,部长接着谈论外交政策。
2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,要先用it作形式宾语,而将该不定式后置。例如:
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如:
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗?
[高考题例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子:
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗?
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗?
简析:当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。
IV. 不定式作状语
1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时,要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
A. maths is very important
B. maths is more important than other subjects
C. one must understand maths
D. maths is important to be understood
2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中,当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时,不定式不使用被动式。例如:
The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
Key:
1-5 CBAAD 6-10 CBDAC 11-12 CB
什么是动词不定式
我看前面答主的那些回答也是一知半解的。根本不能回答题主想要知道的。还在那里轴着。其实没有任何意义,是帮助不到题主的。
要了解动词不定式首先要了解动词,因为它是在动词这一大问题下面的一个小问题。
就好像我们要了解狮子为何是狮子,就要先了解猫科动物的由来!知道了这些,我们才知道,猫科动物是怎样演化成狮子的。
回到问题
动词就是我们中国人说话句子里的,坐,走,跑,跳,这些动作词。动词在英语里分两种,一种是谓语动词,一种是非谓语动词(!也叫动词不定式!),英语中最简单的一句话是主语、谓语、宾语三个结构组成的主.谓.宾结构,即我 I (主语),想want/想念Miss(谓语-动词),你you(宾)。即 I WANT YOU(此时这个句子里只有一个动词want)
以上英文一句话里出现一个动词
那么当我们用英文说一句话的时候里面出现两个动词时候。
即 I want hug you,这时就要注意了,注意什么呢,注意把第二个出现的动词变成动词不定式。如下。
我 I(主语),
想 Want(第一个动词-谓语-是动词本身,也叫动词原型。)
拥抱hug(第二个动词-非谓语,因为第二个出现所以要在前面加to变成动词不定式即to hug)
你you(宾语),
所以就是 I want to hug(第二个动词在前面+to变成to hug,也就是动词不定式) you.
不要纠结为什么第二个出现的动词要加to哈,这个是规矩,要问第一个定这个规矩的人,不过那个人早就go die了,所以没答案的哈,你只需要记住这个公式就行了,万年不变的铁律哈。
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