本文目录
小学英语语法主谓一致
1 定义
1.1 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，就叫主谓一致。
2 用法三原则
2.1 语法一致原则
2.1.1 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of books he has surprises us all. (主语为单数形式的number) / Jack and I are good friends. (主语为复数形式的Jack and I)
2.2 意义一致原则
2.2.1 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The team are all from South China. (team虽为单数形式，但意指全体队员，所以谓语用复数)
2.2.2 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：Physics is his favourite subject. (physics虽为复数形式，但意指物理学科，所以谓语用单数)
2.3 就近原则
2.3.1 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Neither he nor they are able to finish the job on time. / Neither they nor he is able to finish the job on time.
3 代词作主语
3.1 名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Your trousers are black and mine are yellow. / Your pencil is long and mine is short.
3.2 such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is his idea. / Such are his words.
3.3 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He who is standing under the tree is my father. / The students who are standing under the tree are from America.
3.4 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Which apple do you like? / Which apples do you like?
3.5 不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，谓语多用单数。有时也用复数，要看不定代词所指是否为复数。如：All has changed here. / All are present for the meeting now.
4 数词或表量的名词作主语
4.1 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lots of deputies will be invited to the conference. / Lots of milk was dumped as waste during the Depression.
4.2 a great deal of只能后接不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。如：A great deal of money has been invested in building the new road.
4.3 表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half teaspoonfuls is just enough for me. 其中，one and a half teaspoonfuls也可以表达为：one teaspoonful and a half。
4.4 a number of（许多）与the number of（...的数量）。两者都是后接可数名词的复数，但前者的谓语用复数形式，后者的谓语用单数形式。如：A number of teachers went on strike yesterday. / The number of the teachers who went on strike yesterday was amazing.
4.5 an amount of（许多）与the amount of（...的数量）。两者只能后接不可数名词，而且谓语都用单数形式。如：An amount of water is wasted every year. / The amount of water which is wasted every year is amazing.
5 名词作主语
5.1 某些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The group is a happy one. / The group are on holiday now.
5.2 某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The cattle are what they rely on for a living.
5.3 单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A deer is wandering in the bush. / Deer are claimed to be the king's property.
5.4 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The butcher's is just around the corner.
5.5 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go for an outing in the woods.
5.6 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等+名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes is a must for everyone.
5.7 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Five kilometers is a long way to go for school.
5.8 如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：Many a book has been sold out these days. / More books than one have been sold out these days.
5.9 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two rivers lies a small village.
5.10 用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Jack and Mary are both from France. / A knife and fork is a must for a meal in America.
5.11 当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由这些单词或短语前的名词或代词的单复数来决定。如：The teacher as well as the students is ready for the trip.
5.12 以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Either Tim or his brothers have to water the garden. / Either his brothers or Tim has to water the garden.
6 名词化的形容词或过去分词作主语
6.1 如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。如：The poor are not inferior to the rich before law.
6.2 少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The departed was a very good neighbour.
7 从句作主语
7.1 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more fresh water. / What we need are more children's books.
7.2 在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：It is one of the most boring films that have been made. / It is the only one of the films that interests me.
在英语中数词是什么意思
1. 数词作主语，不论指人还是指物，谓语通常用复数。
About twenty know the secret. 二十人知道这个秘密。
Six are missing. 丢了六个。
2. “more than one + 单数名词”结构作主语，尽管从意义上看是复数，但它的谓语动词用单数形式。但“more+复数名词+than one”结构作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
More than one person has known the news. 不止一个人知道了这个消息。
More students than one are for your proposal. 很多学生同意你的计划。
3. one out of ten 或one in ten结构作主语，谓语动词应按照语法一致的原则，用单数。
One out of ten was badly injured in the accident. 在这场事故中有十分之一的人受了伤。
4. “a +单数名词 + or two” 结构作主语，谓语动词用单数形式。但“one or two +复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词用复数形式。
A word or two is missing here. 这里缺一两个词。
One or two friends are coming for dinner this evening. 一两个朋友今晚要来吃晚饭。
5. “many a + 单数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。
Many a passenger was killed in the accident.许多乘客在这一次事故中丧生。
Many a boy has been to the castle. 有好几个男孩到过那城堡。
6. “one and a half + 复数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词需用单数形式。
One and a half bananas is left on the table. 桌上还剩下一根半香蕉。
One and a half years has passed. 一年半时间过去了。
7. “分数或百分数+ of + 名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
Three-fourths of its surface of the earth is sea. 地球表面四分之三是海洋。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan. 在场的三分之二的人反对这个计划。
Around 10 percent of the forest is destroyed each year. 每年大约有百分之十的森林被毁。
8. 用plusand表示“加”，用minus表示“减”，和用times表示“乘”时，动词多用单数，但也可用复数。
Two and two isare four. 二加二是四。
Ten times five isare fifty. 十乘五等于五十。
注意：
用from表示“被减”，multiplied by表示“被乘”或divided by表示“被除”，其谓语动词用单数。
8 from 10 leaves 2. 10减8等于2。
25 divided by 5 equals 5. 25除以5等于5。
9. 时间价格距离等作为整体看待时，谓语动词用单数形式。
Fifty kilometers is a long distance. 五十公里是一段长距离。
Four thousand dollars is more than she can afford. 她付不起4，000美元。
The six months was a terrible dream for her. 那6个月对她来说是一场恶梦。
Only six days was allowed to make preparations for the final examination. 只给了六天的时间来准备期末考试。
注意：
若强调这类结构的复数意义，谓语动词也可用复数形式。
Six years have passed since my father left home. 我父亲离家已经六年了。
The fifty miles were covered by the winner in three hours. 优胜者花了三小时跑完了50英里的路程。
There are eight silver dollars in the drawer. 抽屉里有八块银元。
10.“a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a heap of, a mass of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为of后面的名词是中心词，而of前面的量词是修饰语。
Lots of damage was caused by fire. 许多损失由火灾引起的。
Lots of goods were sent there by air. 大量的货物空运到那里。
Half of the oranges are bad. 一半的桔子烂了。
Half of the food is unfit to eat. 这食物中有一半不能吃。
11. 在“a numbertotal of+名词复数”结构中，中心词是名词，谓语动词用复数形式。但在“the numbertotal of+ 名词复数”结构中，中心词却是number或total，故谓语动词用单数形式。
A number of students are playing basketball on the playground. 操场上有相当多的学生在打篮球。
The number of pages in this book is 900. 这本书的页数是900。
A total of 3，000 letters were received last month. 上个月共收到3，000封信。
The total of letters received last month was 3，000. 上个月收到信件共3，000封。
12. 在“a great deal of a large amount of + 不可数名词”结构作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数。但“large amounts of + 不可数名词”结构作主语，谓语动词通常用复数。
A great deal of rice was taken from the country to the city by railway. 很多大米通过铁路从乡下运往城市。
A large amount of money is spent on the project. 这个工程耗费了巨额资金。
Large amounts of money were spent on the free way. 建高速公路花了大量的钱。
13. “the rest of + 可数名词或不可数名词”结构作主语，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致。
The rest of the students are watering trees. 其余的学生正在浇树。
The rest of the wine has gone bad. 剩下的酒已经变质了。
How much is this pair of short pants 回答用it is 还是 they are
回答应该用it is。
此句中主语是this pair of short pants。如果名词前有量词，则谓语动词的单复数由量词决定。所以这里的单复数由this pair决定，this pair为单数，所以用it is。
英语记忆量词与可数名词的固定搭配用法存在一定困难，不可数名词需要与作为度量单位的量词搭配使用。例如：一张纸：a piece of paper；三克糖：three grams of sugar；两杯水：two cups of water。当名词之前有量词时，谓语动词的单复数，是由量词决定的。
一般情况下，主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近原则 。承接 a pair of ...,pairs of ...的动词在数上应该与 pair保持一致，而指代它们的代词则一般用复数形式。
扩展资料
主谓一致易错点：
1、不定式短语、动词-ing形式或名词性从句作主语，谓语动词用单数形式；
Remember/To remember English words is not easy. 记英语单词不容易。
2、what引导主语从句时，如果其表语是复数形式，谓语动词要用复数形式；
What he took with him were two books. 他带去的是两本书。
3、“more than one/many a + 单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；
More than one person has known it. 不止一个人知道这件事。
4、“一两个……”，用“one or two+名词复数”表达时，谓语用复数；用“a(an) +名词单数or two”表达时，谓语动词用单数形式；
One or two days are enough for them.
A day or two is enough for them. 给他们一两天时间足够了。
5、and连接两个名词一起作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式；
Lily and Kite are kind to me. 莉莉和凯特都对我很好。
参考资料：百度百科—谓语动词
英语中主谓一致的要点是什么意思
主谓一致要点归纳
英语中，句子的谓语动词要与句子的主语在人称和数上保持一致，即主谓一致。一般来说，主谓一致要遵循三个原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近原则。语法一致原则就是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的单复数形式决定；意义一致原则是指谓语动词的单复数形式由主语的意义而不是形式决定，即使主语的形式是复数但意义上是单数的话，谓语动词也要用单数形式；就近原则是指谓语动词的形式由靠近它的名词的数决定。
一、以 s 结尾的名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 如果以 s 结尾的名词表示的是学科或国家时，句子的谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
Physics is such a difficult subject that I can’t understand it .
The United Nations is made up of more than one hundred countries .
2. 有些以 s 结尾的名词表示两个对称部分组成的事物，如 trousers，shoes，glasses，scissors
等，它们单独作主语时谓语动词要用复数，但如果前面有 a / this pair / sort / kind of
等修饰时，则谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
My shoes are the gifts from my grand - mother .
This kind of shoes is very popular this summer .
3. 有些以 s 结尾的名词如 goods （货物），arms （武器），clothes （衣服），thanks
（感谢）等只作复数用，作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
All the goods were shipped from America .
All the arms you want have been prepared .
4. 一些单复数形式相同的以 s 结尾的名词如 means （方法），works （工厂），headquarters
（总部）等作主语时，如果强调单数意义，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调复数意义，则谓语用复数形式。
如：
All the means have been tried to save the patient .
The quickest means of travel is by plane .
二、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 只能作不可数名词的集体名词如 furniture （家具），machinery （机器），equipment
（设备）等作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
The advanced equipment has been offered to the factory .
All the furniture in my home is made in Hong Kong .
2. 只能用作复数的集体名词如 people，police，cattle （牲畜）等作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
The working people are brave and great .
The police were searching the area for two thieves .
3. 还有一些既可以用作复数又可以用作单数的集体名词，如
team，class，family，club，government，public
等作主语时，如果强调整体，则谓语动词用单数形式；如果强调个体成员，则谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
My family is a happy one .
All my family are fond of taking exercise .
三、由 and 连接的两个名词作主语时的主谓一致
1. and 连接的两个名词若表示不同的概念，则谓语动词用复数形式，若表示同一事物或一个整体，则谓语动词用单数形式。如：
The writer and the singer are going to pay a visit to our school .
The writer and singer is going to pay a visit to our school .
War and peace is always the topic for the people all over the
world .
2. 如果 and 连接的两个名词前有 each，every，no 等词修饰时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：
Each girl and each boy has a chance to ask a question .
No parent and child was late for the sports meeting .
四、数量词作主语时的主谓一致
1. 表示具体数量的名词词组作主语强调整体时，谓语动词用单数形式，如果强调个体则谓语动词用复数形式。如：
Twenty dollars is not enough to buy this book .
There are twenty dollars on the desk .
2. “分数 / 百分数 +of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式由名词的单复数形式决定。如：
Two thirds of the students in this school have been admitted to
universities .
Two thirds of the water has been polluted in this river .
3. “ all / some / most / none of + 名词”作主语时，谓语动词的单复数由名词的单复数形式决定，但“
none of+ 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词可以用单数形式也可以用复数形式。如：
All the leaders were present at the meeting .
None of your answers is / are right .
4. “ many a / more than one + 单数名词”作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。如：
Many a student has passed this difficult exam .
5. “ a number of + 名词复数”作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式，而“ the number of +
名词”作主语时谓语用单数。如：
A number of boy students are football fans .
The number of the students in this school has been increasing
these years .
6. “ a / this kind / type / sort 等 + of +
名词”作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但“复数名词 +of +a / this kind / type / sort
”等作主语时谓语动词要用复数形式。如：
This kind of men is dangerous .
Men of this kind are dangerous .
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