本文目录
高中英语数词的用法总结
数词是表示数目多少或顺序多少的词,在英语的学习中数词的基本的用法大家了解吗?下面是我给大家带来的有关于数次的基本用法的介绍,希望能够帮助到大家。
高中英语数词的基本用法的介绍
1基数词
1. 基数词写法和读法: 345 three hundred and forty-five。英语中没有“万”这个读数单位,要表示汉语中的“万”,英语需借用thousand一词,如“一万”用“十个千”表示(ten thousand),“十万”用“一百个千”表示(one hundred thousand)。
2. 用作基数词单位的 hundred, thousand, million, billion 通常不带复数词尾-s,但若用于表示数百、数千、数百万这样的泛指,则用复数。如:
About two thousand people died in the earthquake. 大约有两千人在地震中丧生。
Thousands of people go to the seaside every year. 每年成千上万的人到海滨去。
3. 表示整十的基数词用复数形式可以表示人的大约岁数或年代。如:
He is in his early twenties. 他才二十出头。
This took place in the 1930s. 这事发生在20世纪30年代。
4.基数词一般是单数形式,但下列情况,常用复数:
a. 与of 短语连用,表示概数,不能与具体数目连 用,如scores of people 指许多人;
b.在一些表示"一排"或"一组"的词组里;如:They arrived in twos and threes.
c. 表示"几十岁",如 in his thirties
d. 表示"年代",用 in +the +数词复数;如in the 1980s
e. 在乘法运算的一种表示法里,如:3 x 5 = 15 Three fives is (are) fifteen.
2序数词
序数词的缩写形式: first---1st second---2nd thirty-first---31st
3数词的用法
1)倍数表示法
a. 主语+谓语+倍数(或分数)+ as + adj. + as
I have three times as many as you.
b. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ the size (amount,length…) of…
The earth is 49 times the size of the moon.
c. 主语+谓语+倍数(分数)+ 形容词(副词)比较级+ than…
The grain output is 8 percent higher this year than that of last year.
d. 还可以用by+倍数,表示增加多少倍
The production of grain has been increased by four times this year.
2)分数表示法
构成口诀:分子基数词,分母序数词。分子大于1,分母加-s:
1/3 one-third ; 3/37 three and three-sevenths
4常见考法
1. 序数词的不规则变法;2. 大概数的表达方法;3. 倍数的表达方法
5误区提醒
1.对基数词的形式掌握不清;2.对概数的表达词组掌握不清;3.倍数的表达行形式混淆不清。
典型例题
1.The tsunami killed ____ people in south and southeast Asia.
A.ten thousands B. ten thousands of
C. tens of thousand D. tens of thousands of
解析:错选B。当hundred, thousand, million, billon 等数量单位前有具体数字时不要用复数,表概数时其后加s且后加of。因此“几十万”的表达应为“tens of thousands of”,正确答案C。
2.At a rough estimate,Nigeriais ___Great Britain.
A. three times the size as B. the size three times of
C. three times as the size of D. three times the size of
解析:错选A。倍数的表达方法不再赘述,见上面讲解。正确答案D。
高中英语冠词的语法作用
1常见考法
1.形容词的辨析;
2.复合形容词的构成;
3.形容词的句法功能;
4.多个形容词定语的排序;
5.形容词的比较等级。
形容词和副词
1.“as+形容词+(a/an)+名词+as”表示同级比较,注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为,教学是一门科学,同时也是一门艺术。
2.“as+形容词/副词的原级+as”与“not as/so+形容词/副词的原级+as”表示同级比较,即两个或两部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
这项工作不是像你想像的那么难。
3.“the+比较级+of the two +名词”表示“两者中较……的那个”。
The taller of the two boys is my brother.
两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。
4.a+形容词比较级+n.……
After two years’ research,we have a far better understanding of the disease.
研究两年之后,现在我们对这种病有更好的理解。
We went to the USA in search of a better life.
为了寻找更美好的生活我们去了美国。
5.比较级的修饰语常见的有:rather,much,still,even,far,any(用于否定句或疑问句),a lot,a little,a great deal,by far,a bit 等。
The students study even harder than before.
学生们学习比以前更努力了。
A car runs a great deal faster than a bike.
汽车比自行车跑得快得多。
6.最高级
(1)最高级的修饰语常见的有:序数词,by far,nearly,almost,by no means,not really,not quite,nothing like。
The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。
I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。
(2)否定词+比较级=最高级。
There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
——你对他在会议上说的满意吗?
—No.It couldn’t have been worse.
——不,不能再差了。
7.表示倍数的句型:
(1)A is+倍数+比较级+than+B
(2)A is+倍数+as+原级+as+B
(3)A is+倍数+the+名词(size,length,height 等)+of+B
(4)A is+倍数+that+of+B
(5)A is+倍数+what 引导的名词性从句
①This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
=The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的产量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was introduced,the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自从新技术被引进以后,这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
8、形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。
1)性质形容词有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:afraid,
afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake, well,unwell,ill,faint等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后,例如:something nice
9、以-ly结尾的形容词
1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词。
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early
The Times is a daily paper.
The Times is published daily.
10、用形容词表示类别和整体
1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接。如:the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。
The poor are losing hope.
2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用。
the British,the English,the French,the Chinese.
The English have wonderful sense of humor.
多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
11、多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:
限定词+数量词(序前基后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料
those + three + beautiful + large + square+ old + brown + wood + table s
2误区提醒
1.形近、意近词的混用 2. 形容词的句法功能用错 3.复合形容词的构成不熟悉4.多个形容词作定语时排序不清 5.形容词的比较等级用错
【典型例题】:
1) One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old
解析:错选B。 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。正确答案A.
2)It’s a relief for us to know that something _____ is being done to rebuild the schools destroyed in the quake.
A. competitive B. passive C. sensitive D. positive
解析:因形近形容词分辨不清而错选其他。根据题意,本句话表达“我们了解到,为了重建在地震中被破坏的学校,正在采取一些积极的措施”。空处应填“积极的”,正确答案为D。
3)--- Our women athletes achieved great success in the Vancouver Olympic Winter Games.
--- Yes. No one could have a_____ performance,I think.
A.well B. better C. best D. the best
解析:因形容词比较等级用法没掌握好而错选C. 此处应用比较级表最高级意思。正确答案为B。
英语语法数词思维导图
数字是表示数目和顺序的词,表数目的词是基本数词,表顺序的词是序数词。11112222333
工具/材料
书本
- 01
表示数目的基数词为:one, five ten ,thirty,sixty-five,等
表顺序的词是序数为:first,sixth,tenth,twenty-first.
基数词:编号的事物可用序数或来基数表示
the sixth lesson =lesson six
如果编号的数字较大的一般用基数词,Room 302 - 02
表示在年,月,日时,年用基数词,日用序数词,年的读法先读前两位数,再读后两位数,表示钟点时用基数词。(表示几点过几分时,如不超过30分钟,用介词past,如果超过30分钟,则用介词to表示“差多少分到几点”)
- 03
用作基数词单位的hudred, thousand,million,billion通常不带复数词尾s,但若用于表示数百,数千,数百万这样的泛指,则用复数
About two thousand people died in the earthquake
Thousands of people go the seaside - 04
序数词:许多的序数词是由相应的基数词后加词尾-th构成的,如four -fourth,six- sixth,ten-tenth,但是nine则是变成ninth,而不是nineth
twentieth ,thirtieth,fortieh,等表示整十的序数词,由相应的基数词将词尾y改为ie,再加上th构成。 - 05
first ,econd ,third,通常可缩写为1st,2nd,3rd.凡是以th结尾 的序数词可缩写为“基数词+th
非整十的多位数,将个位变成序数词即可twenty-first,thirty-sixth,
序数词前通常要用定冠词, - 06
分数由基数词和序数词构成:分子用基本词,分母用序数词,除分子是1的情况外,序数词都用复数形式,书写时要加上连字符号;带分数中的整数用基数词表示加and和分数词隔开。three/fifths=3/5
- 07
倍数:英语中表示倍数时通常借助,half ,double,twice,three times等之类的词,如:they're twice the size of chickens
百分数:百分数由基数词和百分号(%)读作:percent 0percent=60%
特别提示
数词的用法一般不多,记住怎么读,遇见了能知道就行了。
英语数词的分类及用法
对于我们英语中的数词和数字的表达方式,大家知道怎么写或者是怎么表达的吗?接下来,我给大家准备了关于英语数词的基本用法,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。
关于英语数词的基本用法
(一)基数词的基本用法
1.定语
Fifty thousand London dockers are out on strike.
2.主语
数词作主语,谓语动词用单数。
如: Two months is quite a long time.
Five is an odd number.
3.宾语或介词宾语
How many do you want? -----Eight, please.
The city has a population of four million.
4.表语
We are altogether fourteen.
Five plus seven is twelve.
5.同位语
What work are you to assign us three?
Is there room for us two?
6.基数词+单数名词+形容词构成合成形容词。如:一个五岁的男孩a five-year-old boy;一座800米长的桥an 800-metre-long bridge;女子400米接力girls'400-metre relay race。
7.句型:主语+is +about(大约)/ over =more than(超过)/nearly(接近)+具体数词+metre(s)/kilometre(s)/kilo(s)long / high /tall /deep /away等。如:长江长6300公里。
The Changjiang River is 6,300 kilometres long.
8.表示“。。。。。。十”的数词的复数形式可以用来表示人的岁数或年代:
He is in his early thirties.
He died still in his forties.
This took place in the 1930s.
(二)序数词的基本用法
1.序数词主要用作定语,前面一般要加定冠词(或物主代词):
Tom is their second son.
They celebrated1 the 10th anniversary of the founding of the republic.
I will never give up, not even on the 1,000th or 10,000th try.
2.有时前面可以加一个不定冠词来表示“再一”, “又一”这样的意思:
We’ll have to do it a second time.
Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.
3.First,second 等有时可用来表示“第一个人(批)”“第二个人”等:
She was among the first to come and settle in Dujiashan.
You will be the second to speak.
4.如果数字较长,序数词总避免使用,而且读的 方法 也常常简化:
第201房间: Room 201
第319面: page 319
第一 拖拉机 厂:the Number I Tractor Works
第六号车厢:Carriage No.6
南京路1490号:1490 Nanjing Road
电话号码55――2347:telephone number : 55—2347
5. 在谈编了号的东西时,我们可以用基数词表示顺序:
the first part------part one
the third squad------squad three
the twenty-third section----section twenty-three
扩展:特殊数字的表示法
(一)年 月 日表示法
1. 年代 年代前用 in.
( in ) 897 读作 ( in ) eight hundred and ninety-seven
( in ) 1961 读作 ( in ) nineteen sixty-one (或 in nineteen hundred and sixty-one)
( in ) 1905 读作(in ) nineteen and five
( in ) 1800 读作( in ) eighteen hundred
2. 月份 月份开头第一个字母须大写,表示“在某月”时, 月份前面用 in。下面月份后附有缩写式。
( in ) January Jan. ( in ) March Mar1. ( in ) December Dec.
3. 日期 用序数词(前需要加the)表示; “ 在某日”, 前面用介词on.
( on ) the first ( on ) the eighteenth ( on ) the thirty-second
4. 某年 某月 某日
in Sep. 1954 on May 17, 1960 on Oct. 1, 1949(读作on October the first, nineteen forty-nine)
注:当年月日完全用数字表示时, 美国人把月放在日前。 8,6,79在英国表示June the eighth (79年6月8日), 但是在美国却表示August the sixth (79年8月6日)。
(二)时刻表示法
1.英语通常用at所引导的表示时刻。如:
( at ) six or six o’clock
( at ) eight or eight o’clock
2.如说几点几分,用下面的方法
a)表示几点过几分,用介词, 但分数须在半小时以内包括半小时。如:
eleven past seven
a quarter past eight
half past nine
b)表示几点差几分,用介词to, 但分数需要在半小时以上不包括半小时。 如:
two to seven
a quarter to eight
eighteen to nine
注:上午可以用am表示,下午用pm表示,例如:
9.50am 11.05pm
(三)分数词表示法
1.分数词是以基数词和序数词合成的,基数词代表分子,序数词代表分母,除了分子是“1”的情况外,序数词都是用复数,(分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于“1”,分母则加“s”)如:
1/4 one-fourth 2/3 two-thirds 7/9 seven-ninths 5/12 five-twelfths
2.另外还有下面一些表示法:
1/2 (one) a half 1/4 a (one ) quarter 3/4 three-quarters
(四)小数的表示法
7.8 ------seven point eight
0.4---------zero point four
0.125----- zero point one two five
603.09---six hundred and three point oh nine
小数作定语时较多:
Its total industrial output2 value was up 5.6 times in these years.
Our grain output is now 2.4 times that of 1970.
(五)百分数的表示法
百分数由per cent 表示,常常和by连用,作状语也可单独作状语:
Its total output value increased by 11.5 per cent over the previous year.
The output of cars in the U. S. last year was 24 per cent less than in 1973.
有时用作定语 宾语等:
The loss3 of metal has been reduced to less than 20%.
The March figure for output value registered4 a 37% increase over February.
(六)倍数的表示法:
一倍用once,两倍用 twice,两倍以上用基数词+times。如:5倍five times。
(七)一些数学公式的读法:
3+8=11 Three plus eight is eleven.
9-7=2 Nine minus5 seven is two.
a>b a is more than b.
a
(八)约数的表示法
⑴ “多于”用more than 或over
This room can hold more than (=over) 500 people.这间屋子能容纳500多人。
⑵ “少于”用less than
There are less than thirty balls in the basket.篮子里不到三十个球。
⑶ “或……以上”用or more
The music hall can hold 7000 people or more.音乐厅能容纳7000人或7000人以上。
⑷ “或……以下”用or less
The house can hold 50 people or less. 这座房子可容纳50人或50人以下。
⑸ “大约”用about, around, nearly等
The box weights about 50 pounds.这个箱子重约50磅。
⑹ “左右”用or so
In the past ten years or so , they have changed a lot.在过去的十年左右的时间里,他们改变了许多。
英语数词连字符的用法
数词分基数词和序数词。基数词表示数目,序数词表示顺序。
1. 基数词的用法
(1) 基数词在句中主要用作主语、宾语、定语、表语、同位语,例如:
Thirty of them are Party members. (主语)
--- How many would you like ?
--- Three , please .(作宾语)
The nine boys are from Tianjing. (定语)
Six plus four is ten. (表语)
We four will go with you. (同位语)
(2) 表示一个具体数字时, hundred, thousand, million 一律不用复数;在表示一个不确定数字时则用复数。例如:
Our country has a population of 1,300 million people.
There are three thousand students in our school.
After the war, thousands of people became homeless.
Maize is the most important food crop for millions of people in the world.
They arrived in twos and threes .
(3) 表示 “…… 十 ” 的数词的复数形式可用来表示人的岁数或年代,例如:
He is in his early thirties. He died still in his forties. This took place in 1930s.
(4) 表示时刻用基数词。例如:
We get up at six. The workers begin work at eight.
表示 “ 几点过几分 ” ,用介词 past, 但须在半小时以内。例如:
ten past ten, a quarter past nine, half past twelve
表示 “ 几点差几分 ” 用介词 to, 但分数须在半小时以上。例如:
twenty to nine, five to eight, a quarter to ten
表示 “ 几点几分 ” 还可直接用基数词。例如:
seven fifteen, eleven thirty, nine twenty
2. 序数词的用法
(1)序数词主要用作定语,前面要加定冠词,例如:
The first truck is carrying a foot baskets. John lives on the fifteenth floor .
(2)序数词有时前面可加不定冠词来表示 “ 再一 ” , “ 又一 ” 这样的意思,例如:
We'll have to do it a second time. Shall I ask him a third time?
When I sat down, a fourth man rose to speak.
(3)由几个序数词和基数词在拼写时不对应,很容易写错,应特别注意。它们是:one---first, two---second, three---third, five---fifth, eight---eighth, nine---ninth, twelve---twelfth 。
(4)表示年,月,日时, 年用基数词表示,日用序数词表示。例如:
1949 年十月一 日 读作 : October (the) first, nineteen sixty
2004 年九月十 日 读作: September (the) tenth, two thousand and four
(5)表示分数时,分子用基数词表示,分母用序数词表示。分子大于 1 时,分母加 -s 。例如:
three fourths, one second, wo fifths
(6)序数词有时用缩写形式:
first → 1st, second → 2nd, third → 3rd, fourth → 4th, twenty-second → 22nd
英语中的数词是指表示数目多少或顺序先后的词。表示数目多少的数词叫基数词,如 one, five, ten, thirty,sixty-five 等;表示顺序先后的数词叫序数词,如 first, sixth, tenth, twenty-first 等。数词用法相当于名词和形容词,在句中可用作主语、宾语、表语、定语、同位语等。
参考资料
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