本文目录
情态动词的用法
Grammar—Modal-verb
Ⅰ.情态动词
一、can/could
1.表示能力时
was/were able to 具体做成某件事（=managed to do ）
could 只表示能够
2.can+感官动词
can taste/ see/ hear/ smell/ feel/ believe/ decide/ understand
3.can表示惊讶、不敢相信
Eg: How can you do like this?
4.cannot but do
cannot choose but do
cannot help but do
Eg: I cannot but feel sorry for her.
I cannot choose but follow her advice.
5.cannot… over/ enough/ too …都不过分；越…越好
Eg: You cannot over praise him.
6.理论上的可能性：
Eg: Accidents can happen on such rainy days.
Anyone can make mistakes.
The temperature can fall to -40℃.
7.can’t 表示否定推测：
Eg: It can’t be him, for he has gone to Paris yesterday.不能用mustn’t
8.can/could 表示允许、请求
Can/May I help you?
I wonder if I can/could do sth.(此处could不表示时态)
-Can/Could/May I use…?
-Yes, you can/may.
-No, you can’t/ may not/ mustn’t.(题目选项中如果表否定允许有mustn’t就选mustn’t)
You’d better not.(may问一般不用may回答)
I’d rather you didn’t.
9.can/could (not) have done
(1)本能做、没能够
(2)过去可能会做、过去不可能做
Eg: He could have killed Harry Potter, but he didn’t.（过去本能够）
He couldn’t have killed him 17 years ago, and he cannot do it now, either.（过去没能够）
Can he have gone to his aunt’s ?(过去可能会做)
He cannot have forgotten it. （过去不可能）
二、may/might
1.may /might 推测性用法 可能
He may be right.
He may not come today (可能不)
He may /might come tomorrow.
注意：只用于肯定和否定句中,不用于疑问句中
2.may not 可能不 can not不可能
He may not come He can’t come
3.may as well最好 may well理应,有足够的理由
You may（might）as well stay where you are.
-Shall we walk?
-We may as well.
4.表祝愿 May you be happy!
5.may (might) + have +done 表示对过去发生行为的推测,也许或许已经做
It may have been true.
He might not have settled the question.
He may not have finished the work.
I think he may have gone to bed.
6.may表示目的
Eg: You must go to bed early so that you can/may catch the train.
7.表示让步
Eg: However hard he may try, he cannot get the first place.
三、must
1. 表示义务意为“必须”（主观意志）
Eg: We must do everything step by step.
You mustn’t talk to her like that.
-Must we hand in our exercise—books now?
-No, you needn’t. / No, you don’t have to.
2.肯定推测（绝对不能用于否定推测!否定推测用can’t/couldn’t）
Eg: He must be ill. He looks so pale.
She’s wearing a diamond necklace. She must have a lot of money.
3.偏要做,偏偏
Eg: Why must rain on Friday?
Must you speak so loudly?
If you must smoke, please go out!
4.must have done想必准时一定做了某事,否定是can’t/couldn’t have done
5. didn’t need to have done 过去没有必要做,具体是否做不强调
needn’t have done 本不必却做了
四、shall
1.在肯定句、否定句中表示命令、警告、威胁、许诺以及法律、规定、规章制度
Eg: You shall leave the room at once, and he shall, too.
It has been announced that candidates shall remain in their seat until all the papers have been collected.
-when can I get my computer back?
-Well, you shall have it on Saturday.
He shall be punished if he breaks the rule.
You should return the book to the library tomorrow.
You shall do as I say. 按我说的做.（命令）
You shall have my answer tomorrow. 你明天可以得到我的答复.（允诺）
He shall be sorry for it one day, I tell you. 有一天他会后悔的,我告诉你.（警告）
Nothing shall stop us from carrying out the plan. 什么也不能阻止我们执行这项计划.（决心）
2.表示请求、允许 Shall he/ she/ they/ I/ we……?
Eg: Shall I open the window?
Shall the driver wait outside?
五、should
1.用于第一人称疑问句中询问对方的意愿,但语气较委婉温和
What should we do now?
2.表示应该、必须,常与must 换用.（不常见）
We should (must) master a foreign language at least.
3.“should+be+表语”的结构,表示推测或惊奇.
They should be back by now.
I am sorry that she should be so careless.
4.“should+have+过去分词”的结构,表示过去该做而实际上尚未做的动作或行为；其否定则表示发生了不应该发生的行为.其同义结构“ought to have +过去分词”,表示过去“早应该”、“本当”之意,语气较强.
I should have thought of that. 这一点我是应当想到的.（但没想到）
They should not have left so soon.他们不应当走得这么早.（但已走了）
5. 在“It is natural (strange, natural, necessary, surprised, impossible, important ) that……”句型中,主语从句中的谓语动词要用“should +do”表示理所当然”、“奇怪”、“必要”、“惊异”等的意思.在lest（以免）、for fear (that) (以防)、in case（以备万一）等之后也要用should do;在advise, suggest, order, demand, request 等的从句中同样should do
It is necessary that he(should) be sent there at once.
It is strange that he should say so.
Let us go at once lest we should be late for the train.
6. Why/How should 结构表示说话人对某事不能理解,感到意外惊异等意思,意为“竟会”
Eg: Why should you be so late today?
How should I know? 我怎么会知道?（意为：我不知道）
六、will/would
1.表示意志,决心或愿望.
Surely we will support all the people in the world in their struggle for peace.
我们一定要支持全世界人民争取和平的斗争.
He would not let me try it . 他不肯让我去试.
I will do anything for you. 我愿为你做任何事.
None is so blind as those who won’t see. 不愿看的人眼最瞎.
If you will read the book, I’ll lend it to you. 如果你愿意读这本书,我会把它借给你
2.will表示经常性、习惯性、倾向性,would表示过去的习惯行为.
He would come to see me when he was in Beijing.他在北京时,常来看望我.
Every time she was in trouble, she would go to him for help.
Fish will die out of water. 鱼离开水就不能活.
3.用于第二人称作主语的疑问句中,表示对对方的请求,would的语气比will委碗
Would/will you kindly tell me the way to the station? 请问到火车站怎么走?Would you like another glass of beer? 再来杯啤酒好吗?
Would you mind cleaning the window? 请把窗户擦一下好吗?
Will you close the window? It’s a bit cold. 请你把窗户关上好吗?有点冷.
Won’t you drink some more coffee? 再来一点咖啡好吗?
4.表可能性
This will be the book you are looking for.这可能就是你要找的书.
She would be about 60 when she died.他死时大概60岁.
5.won’t拟人化
Eg: The door won’t open.
The car won’t start.
七、need
情态动词need 实意动词need
现
在
时 You need (not) do
He need (not) do You (don’t) need to do
He needs (doesn’t need) to do
过
去
时
You needed (didn’t need) to do
He needed (didn’t need) to do
将
来
时 You need (not) do
He need (not) do You will (not) need to do
He will (not) need to do
八、dare
句型
时态
情态动词dare
实义动词 dare
肯
定
句 现在时
dare to
dare/dares to do
过去时 dare to
dared to do
否
定
句 现在时
daren’t/dare not do
do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 dared not do
did not dare (to) do
疑
问
句 现在时
Dare he do?
Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
过去时 Dared he do? Did he dare (to) do
九、宁愿做某事
would rather do
would rather do than do
would do rather than do
would rather sb. did
prefer to do
prefer to do rather than do
prefer doing to doing
Ⅱ.情态动词表推测
一、情态动词表推测的三种句式
1.在肯定句中一般用must (一定),may（可能）,might / could（也许,或许）.
（1）He must/may/might know the answer to this question?
他一定/可能/也许知道这个问题的答案.
（2）It is cold in the room. They must have turned off the heating.
屋里很冷,他们肯定把暖气关了.
2.否定句中用can’t / couldn’t(不可能), may not/might not(可能不).
（1）It can’t/couldn’t be the headmaster. He has gone to America.
这不可能是校长,他去美国了.
（2）He may not/might not know the scientist. 他也许不认识那位科学家.
3.疑问句中用can/could (能……?).
（1）Could he have finished the task? 他可能把任务完成了吗?
（2）Can he be at home now? 他现在能在家吗?
注：以上三种句式中情态动词的语气按程度都是依次递减的.Might, could并非may, can的过去式,而表示语气较为委婉或可能性较小.
二、情态动词表推测的三种时态
1.对将来情况的推测,用“情态动词 + 动词原形”.
（1）She must / may / might / could arrive before 5. 5:00前她一定/可能/也许到.
（2）She must/may/might/could walk miles and miles among the hills without meeting anyone.
她一定/可能/也许会在山里一连走好几英里而遇不到一个人.
2.对现在或一般情况的推测,用“情态动词 + be”,“情态动词 +be doing”或“情态动词 + 动词原形”.
（1）He must / may / might / could be listening to the radio now.
他一定/可能/也许正在听收音机.
（2）He can’t ( couldn’t ) / may ( might ) not be at home at this time.
这个时候他不可能/可能不在家.
（3）Mr. Bush is on time for everything .How can ( could ) he be late for the opening ceremony ?
布什先生一向准时,这次开幕式他怎么可能迟到呢?
3.对过去情况的推测,用“情态动词 + have +过去分词”.
（1）It must / may / might / could have rained last night .The ground is wet.
地湿了,昨晚肯定/可能/也许下雨了.
（2）The door was locked. He can ( could ) not / may ( might ) not have been at home .
门锁着,他不可能/可能不在家.
（3）Can / Could he have gotten the book?
难道他找到书了吗?
注：情态动词 should /ought to表推测时,意为“想必会,理应……”但与“have +过去分词”连用时,则又可构成虚拟语气意为“本应该做某事却没做”.例如：
（4）It’s seven o’clock. Jack should/ought to be here at any moment.
现在七点钟了,杰克理应随时到达.（推测）
（5）She should / ought to have attended your birthday party, but she had to look after her mother in hospital. （虚拟） 她本该出席你的生日晚会的,可是她得在医院照顾她妈妈.
（6）Tom should not /ought not to have told me your secret, but he meant no harm. （虚拟）
汤姆本不该告诉我你的秘密,可是他并无恶意.
Ⅲ.must反意疑问句
—应该 mustn’t
—必须 needn’t
—推测 还原成不含推测的句子一致
Eg: You must be tired, aren’t you?
You must have heard of it, haven’t you?
He can’t have gone out yesterday, didn’t he?
He can’t have gone out yet, has he?
情态动词有什么用法 怎么用英语说
常用的情态动词有：can(could)、may(might)、must、need、ought to、dare(dared)、will(would)等等。下面是情态动词的相关用法，来看一下！
情态动词的用法
1.表推测及可能性。may，might，can, could, will, would表示“可能”或“预测；, shall, should用于表示“必定”；must用于表示“必定”，“必会“；ought to表“应该为”。
2.与时态相关。can为现在式，其过去式 为could；may为现在式，其过去式 为might；shall为现在式，其过去式 为should；will为现在式，其过去式 为would.
3.表示能力的用法。can表示能力，意思是"能，会"，其否定式can't表示"不能"。在过去时中用could和couldn't。be able to可以表示“能力” 用于各种时态。
4.表“意愿，打算”，常用词为will, would, shall, should.在这里，would，should要比will，shall更委婉，更客气。need表“需要”；dare表示“敢”。
5.表示“请求，许可”，常用词为can, could, will, would, shall, should, may, might, must。
6.态度。may ，can，could，shall, should, may, might, must, ought to用于表示“禁止”，“不准”；“应该”、“必须”“可以”。例如：might可以表示委婉的批评或责备。You might at least have answered my letter. 你至少可以回我一封信吗。
7.祝愿“.May you + 动词原形 ...”，意为“祝愿……”。如：May you succeed! 祝你成功！
8.情态动词与虚拟语气.常见于should+动词原形；情态动词+have 过去分词。
备注：Should 在虚拟语气中要省略，为情态动词要保持。
情态动词表推测的三种时态：
1、对将来情况的推测，用“情态动词+动词原形”。例如：You may come anytime you want.你想什么时候来都行。
2、对现在或一般情况的推测，用“情态动词+be”，“情态动词+be doing”或“情态动词+动词原形”。例如：He must be listening to the radio now.他一定正在听收音机。
3、对过去情况的推测，用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。例如：Can he have gotten the book？难道他找到书了吗？
情态动词的用法有哪些?
情态动词 (Model Verbs) 又称为情态助动词 (Model Auxil-iaries), 主要有can, may, must, could, might, shall , should, will, would, ought to, need, dare等。情态动词与其他动词连用表示说话人的语气。情态动词可表达建议、要求、可能和意愿等。情态动词没有人称和数的变化。情态动词部分重点测试以下内容：
（1）情态动词+动词完成式: must have done
（2）情态动词+动词进行式: must be doing
（3）情态动词+动词完成进行式: must have been doing
（4）某些情态动词的特殊用法: need
一、情态动词+动词完成式
情态动词+动词完成式即“情态动词+ have + done分词”，表示对过去行为或动作进行推测、评论或判断。
1. must have done
must have done 表示对过去某事的肯定猜测。其否定或疑问形式都用can(could) 来表示.
例如： Since the road is wet, it must have rained last night.
He can’t have missed the way. I drew him a map.
“The dictionary has disappeared. Who could have taken it?”
当然对现在发生或将来发生的事情,要用must do 表示猜测, 否定为can’t do.
He must understand that we mean business.
You must be hungry after a long walk.
2.may / might have done
may / might have done 表示推测过去某事“也许”发生了.may 比 might 表示的可能性在说话人看来稍大些。例如：
I can’t find my keys. I may / might have left them at the school yesterday.
3. could have done 在肯定句型中, 往往用作委婉的批评. 本应该做什么,而没做; 有时也用作猜测.
You could have told us earlier.
Tom could have taken the dictionary.
4. ought to / should have done和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done
ought to / should have done 和 ought not to / shouldn’t have done 用于对已发生的情况表示“责备”、“不满”，分别表示“本应该…”和“本不应该…”。例如：
1）With all the work finished, I should have gone to the party last night.
2）You ought not to have made fun of him. He is not the one you laugh at but learn from.
5. needn’t have done
needn’t have done 表示过去做了某事，但没有做的必要， 意为“本没必要…”。例如：
You needn’t have waken me up; I don’t have to go to work today.
注：表示推测过去某动作发生的可能性时，就表示的可能性程度而言，must最大，could其次，may更次之，might最小。例如：
“I wonder how Tom knew about your past.”
“He must / could / may / might have heard of it from Mary.”
二、情态动词+动词进行式
情态动词+行为动词进行式（即情态动词+ be + doing形式），表示推测或评论某动作现在是否正在进行。例如：
1）He must be playing basketball in the room.
2）She may be staying at home.
三、情态动词+动词完成进行式
情态动词+行为动词完成进行式（即情态动词+ have been + v-ing 形式），表示推测或评论过去某动作是否正在进行或一直在进行。例如：
1）They should have been meeting to discuss the problem.
2）He may / might have been buying stamps in the post office when you saw him.
四、某些情态动词的特殊用法
1. need
考试中主要测试 need 作情态动词与作实义动词的区别。情态动词need与实义动词need 在时态、肯定、否定结构上的对比见下表。
时态 情态动词need 实义动词 need
现在时
He need (needn’t) do
Need he do….?
He needs (doesn’t need) to do
过去时
He needed (didn’t need) to do
将来时
He need (needn’t) do
Need he do….?
He will (not) need to do
注: need 一般用于否定句或疑问句.
2. dare 考试中主要测试dare作情态动词和作实义动词的区别。
情态动词dare 与实义动词dare 在时态、肯定、否定、疑问结构上的对比见下 表。
句型 情态动词dare 实义动词 dare
肯定句
现在时 dare to 少用
过去时 dare to 少用
现在时 dare/dares to do
过去时 dared to do
否定句
现在时 daren’t/dare not do
过去时 dared not do
现在时 do/does not dare (to) do
过去时 did not dare (to) do
疑问句
现在时 Dare he do?
过去时 Dared he do?
现在时 Do you/Does he dear (to) do?
过去时 Did he dare (to) do
3. can 和 may
考试中主要测试can，may或could，might表示可能性的区别及对may构成的疑 问句的回答。
（1）can, could, may, might都可以表示可能性.can, could表示潜在的可能性或理论上或逻辑判断上存在的可能性；而may, might则表示事实上的可能性。此外，can还具有“有能力”的意思，而may与might则不具此意。例如：
According to the weather forecast, it may rain tomorrow.
Any man with a little sense can see that he is wrong.
（2）May I / we …？这一类疑问句的肯定回答为Yes, please.或Certainly；否定回答为Please don’t.或No, you mustn’t. 例如：
“May we leave now?” “No, you mustn’t. You haven’t finished your home work yet.”
4. can 和 be able to
can 与 be able to 都可以表示能力，但两者在用法上有点差异：can (could)表示主观能力，不表示意愿，它的将来时用will be able to; be able to表示主观意愿，强调要克服困难去做某事。例如：
1）My grandma is over seventy, but she can still read without glasses.
5. must 和 have to
must 和 have to 都可以表示“必须”，但有几点区别：
（1）must 强调“内在的职责”、“义务”，而have to 强调“外界压力”、“不得已而为之”。
（2）have to可用于多种时态，而must一般用于现在时，其过去时与将来时分别由had to与shall / will have to代替。
（3）在回答must引起的问题时，如果是否定的答复，不能用mustn’t，而要用needn’t或don’t have to，因为mustn’t是“一定不要”、“一定不能”的意思。例如：
You must come to the classroom before eight.
2）It is raining hard outside, but I have to leave now.
3）“Must we do it now?” “No, you needn’t.”
6. used to +do, be used to +doing和be used to +do
（1）used to +v意为“过去常常”，“过去一直”；be used to +v-ing / n（名词）意为“习惯于”；be used to +v意为“被用来（做某事）”。
（2）used to只表示过去，而be used to +v-ing / n可表示现在、过去或将来。例如：
1）He used to smoke. Now he doesn’t.
2）He’s quite used to hard work / working hard.
3）The knife is used to cut bread.
7．用作情态动词的其他短语 would rather, would sooner, would (just) as soon, had rather, had better, had sooner, can not but, may (just) as well等可用作情态动词。例如：
1）The soldier would sooner die than surrender.
2）The brave soldier would as soon die as yield to such an enemy.
3）I’d rather walk than take a bus.
4）If you don’t like to swim, you may just as well stay at home.
注：这些短语后一般直接跟动词原形.would (had) rather, would (had) sooner, would (just) as soon后可跟that 引导的从句，that 常省去，从句要用虚拟语气。对现在和将来的假设用过去时，对过去的假设用过去完成时。例如：
1）I would rather you came on Sunday.
2）I would sooner you hadn’t asked
情态动词的用法总结思维导图
下面是我整理的一些关于情态动词的用法 总结 ，欢迎大家阅读!
possibility: can / could, may / might
certainty: must, will, should
ability: can / could, be able to
permission: can / could, may / might
requests: can / could, will / would
suggestions: could / may /might, shall
necessity: must, have to, have got to, need
advice: ought to, had better
情态动词的语法特征
1. 情态动词没有人称和数的变化,即情态动词第三人称单数不加- s (have to, have got to, be able to 除外)。
2. 情态动词不能表示正在发生或已经发生的事情,只表示期待或估计某事的发生。
3. 情态动词本身具有一定词义, 但意思不够完整, 不能单独做谓语, 后接动词原形一起构成谓语部分 (ought to, have to/have got to, be able to除外)。
4. 情态动词无非谓语形式,即无不定式、分词等形式。
Sum up
1. can和be able to
1) can (could) 表示能力、可能, 只用于现在式和过去式
2) be able to可以用于各种时态。
只用be able to的情况：
a. 位于助动词后。
b. 情态动词后。
c. 表示过去某时刻动作时。
d. 用于句首表示条件。
e. 表示成功地做了某事时,只能用was/ were able to,不能用could。
注意:could还可不表示时态,只表示
1) 提出委婉的请求,回答中不可用could。
--- Could I have the television on?
--- Yes, you can. / No, you can’t.
2) 在否定、疑问句中表示推测或怀疑。
He couldn’t be a bad man.
2. may和might
1) 表示允许或请求;表示没有把握的推测;may 放在句首,表示祝愿。
e.g. May God bless you!
He might be at home.
注: might 表示推测时,不表示时态。只是可能性比may 小。
2) 成语 :may/might as well,后面接不带to 的不定式，意为"不妨"。
e.g. If that is the case, we may as well try.
3. have to和must
1) 两词都是“必须”的意思, have to 表示客观的需要, must 表示说话人主观上的看法, 即主观上的必要。
e.g. My brother was very ill, so I had to call the doctor in the middle of the night.
He said that they must work hard.
2) have to有人称、数、时态的变化,而must只有一种形式。但must可用于
间接引语中表示过去的必要或义务。
e.g. He had to look after his sister yesterday.
3) 在否定结构中：don’t have to 表示“不必”; mustn’t表示”禁止”。
e.g. You don’t have to tell him about it. 你不必把这事告诉他。
You mustn’t tell him about it. 你不能把这事告诉他。
4. 情态动词must表示推测
1) must用在肯定句中表示较有把握的推测,意为“一定”。
2) must表对现在的状态或现在正发生的事情的推测时, 后面通常接系动词be的原形或行为动词的进行时。
e.g. You have worked hard all day.
You must be tired.(对现在情况的推测判断)
He must be working in his office. 他一定在办公室工作呢。
比较: He must be staying there. 他现在肯定呆在那儿。 表推测
He must stay there. 他必须呆在那儿。不表推测
3) must 表示对已发生的事情的推测时, 要接完成时。
e.g. I didn’t hear the phone. I must have been asleep.
4) must表示对过去某时正发生的事情的推测, 后面要接不定式的完成进行时。
e.g. ---Why didn’t you answer my phone call?
---Well, I must have been sleeping, so I didn’t hear it.
5) 否定推测用can’t.
e.g. If Tom didn’t leave here until five o’clock, he can’t be home yet.
5.情态动词表示推测的用法
can, could, may, might, must 皆可表
示推测,其用法如下：
1) 情态动词+动词原形,表示对现在或将来的情况的推测,此时动词通常为系动词。
e.g. I don’t know where she is. She may be in Wuhan.
2) 情态动词+动词进行时, 表示对现在或将来正在进行的情况进行推测。
e.g. At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
3) 情态动词+动词完成时, 表示对过去情况的推测。
e.g. The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
4) 情态动词+动词的完成进行时, 表示对过去正在发生事情的推测。
e.g. Your mother must have been looking for you.
5) 推测的否定形式,疑问形式用can’t, couldn’t表示。
e.g. Mike can’t have found his car, for he came to work by bus this morning.
注: could, might表示推测时不表示时态,其推测的肯定程度不如can, may。
6.情态动词+have+过去分词
1) may (might) have + done sth., can (could) have + done sth. 表示过去,推测过去时间里可能发生的事情。
e.g. Philip may (might) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
Philip can (could) have been hurt seriously in the car accident.
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