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怎么改成同位语从句
首先,记住一些常会接同位语从句的名词:fact, hope, desire, thought, suggestion, idea, news(word), possibility 等。其次,记住引导同位语从句的词:that, whether, 和疑问词。 最后注意:同位语从句本身是一个完整的句子,不缺成分。它是用来对前边的名词起补充说明作用。
如何区分非限定性定语从句和同位语从句
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea, fact, news, hope, belief, suggestion, proposal, word, thought, doubt, truth, possibility, promise, order等有一定内涵的名词,而定语从句的先行词可以是名词、代词,主句的一部分或是整个主句,如:
The possibility that the majority of the labor force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性。(同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴。(定语从句)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴,如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的。(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息。)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的。(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语。)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句,如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑。(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般做主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略,that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替,如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了。(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略。)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组。(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略。)
【真题例句】
The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by mounting evidence that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and by the continuing controversy over suggestions that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.
【解析】
句子可拆分为:The issue of //whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, //has been highlighted //by mounting evidence //that the Red Planet once had abundant stable, liquid water and //by the continuing controversy over suggestions //that bacterial fossils rode to Earth on a meteorite from Mars.
主句为:The issue of whether life ever existed on the planet, and whether it persists to this day, has been highlighted by… and by…。主句主语的结构为: The issue of whether…and whether…。of 短语修饰the issue, of 短语较长一般译在后面;that the Red Planet…是evidence的同位语从句,(即是evidence的`具体内容)。that bacterial fossils…是suggestions的同位语从句,说明suggestions的具体内容。)第一个同位语从句可以直接翻译在所修饰词后面。第二个同位语可以放在所修饰的名词前面,充当定语。
【参考译文】
越来越多的证据表明,这个红色行星上曾经有稳定而丰富的液态水,而且人们对从火星落到地球上的细菌化石陨石的说法一直有争论,使火星上是否存在过生命和是否至今仍有生命的问题成为了引人注目的重点。
如何区分定语从句和同位语从句?
关于如何区分定语从句和同位语从句的问题,我在此为大家总结了几种简单、易行的方法,希望能够帮助到大家。
- 01
句中含有that时,看that是否能省略。
定语从句中的that不仅起到连接词的作用,而且还充当句子的成分(主语、宾语等),往往可以省略。例如:The apples that your mom bought yesterday were delicious.(其中,that可以省略。)
在同位语从句中,that只起到连接词的作用,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。例如:It is a fact that he has done his best. - 02
that与先行词的关系。
定语从句中,that对先行词起到修饰、限定作用。例如:This is the dog that I'm looking for.
同位语从句中,that对先行词起到解释、补充说明的作用。例如:The news that he has died was true. - 03
先行词不同。
定语从句中,先行词往往是具体的人或者事物。例如:The pen that Tom takes is blue.
同位语从句中,先行词往往是抽象性的名词。例如:The news that Tiny will come is true. - 04
引导词不同。
定语从句中,当指代人时,可以用who或者which来引导,而同位语从句不可以。例如:The boy who is laughing is my brother.
同位语从句中,引导词可以用how,what,whether,而定语从句不能。例如:I have no idea whether he'll come or not. - 05
同位语从句中,从句可以转换为同位名词的表语,而定语从句不可以。例如:The fact can't be accepted by his parents that Tom is lost.
如何区分定语从句和同位语从句?
一、关系不同:
定语从句里面是缺少成分的,要么缺少主语、宾语,要么缺少状语;也就是说关系代词在定语从句里是充当成分的。
同位语从句的引导词只是起到连接作用,在同位语从句里不充当任何成分,换句话说,同位语从句是意思、结构都是完整的。先行词通常都是有具体内容的词。
二、引导词不同:
定语从句的引导词(关系代词和关系副词)只有关系代词:that、which、who、whom、whose、as;关系副词:when、where、why。
同位语从句的连接词有:that,whether;连接副词 how,when,where等。
定语从句
定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对它进行限制、描绘和说明。受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词语叫关系词。关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词。根据从句与主句关系的紧密程度,定语从句又分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句。
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出。
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