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英语中的情态动词是什么意思
很多同学都听过情态动词,那么在英语中情态动词指的是什么?有哪些用法?大家一起来看看吧。
情态动词简介
情态动词(Modal verbs)本身有一定的词义,表示语气的单词。但是不能独立作谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。情态动词用在行为动词前,表示说话人对这一动作或状态的看法或主观设想。 情态动词虽然数量不多,但用途广泛,主要有下列: can (could), may (might), must, need, ought to, dare (dared), shall (should), will (would) must
情态动词四大分类
①只做情态动词:may, might, must…
②可做情态动词又可做实义动词:如:need, dare…
③具有情态动词特征:have(had,has) to,used to, ought to
④可做情态动词又可作助动词:如:shall(should),will(would)
情态动词用法
⒈ 在表示愿望的动词wish后的宾语从句中,需用虚拟语气.(wish后的that 常省略),根据主句时态,从句谓语时态相应退后一位,例如:How she wished his family could go with him.
⒉ 在具有愿望、请求、建议、命令等主观意愿的动词(desire, demand, advice, insist, require, suggest, propose, order, recommend, decide …) 后的宾语从句中需用虚拟语气.谓语动词用(should) +动词原形.值得注意的是,如果宾语从句的动词是否定的,否定词not的位置应在动词之前,而不是动词之后.例如:The head nurse insisted that the patient not be move.另外,如suggest表达“暗示”,insist表示“坚持某种说法”时,后面的从句不用虚拟语气,例如:Her pale face suggests that she is ill.或He insisted that he did not kill the boy.
以上就是一些情态动词的相关信息,希望对大家有所帮助。
英文中情态动词有哪些
情态动词
老师叮咛:李辉老师说,“一切的道理比不过三个字,‘我愿意!’。”情态动词这个部分虽然并不在高考中占据很大的分值,但是掌握情态动词应当是一个愿意把英语学好的人所必需的。下面的内容就为大家讲解了表示推测的情态动词。本文经过了全网首席高考英语名师李辉老师团队高度认真的整理校对,无错、可信!可供全国各省高中生打印、背诵!
情态动词must, can / could, may / might均可表示推测,它们可以对过去、现在或将来的情况作出语气强弱不同的推测。在运用情态动词表示推测时,我们应该着重把握以下两点:
1. 把握推测语气的特点,选择恰当的情态动词。
(1) 表示肯定的推测时,各情态动词语气从弱到强依次为might→may→could→can→must;表示否定的推测时,can’t / couldn’t语气较强,意为“不可能”;may not / might not语气较弱,意为“可能不”。
【注意】must的否定形式mustn’t不表示否定推测,而是表示“不许可”或“不应该”。
(2) 情态动词表示推测时,在用法上有一些限制:
l must只用于肯定句中,意为“一定,准是”。Eg:
They have been working hard all day. They must be tired.
l can多用于否定句或疑问句中,could可用于各种句式。Eg:
Can the story be true?
Simon can’t be at home, for I saw him going shop-ping just now.
You mustn’t smoke when you are walking around in the wood. You could start a fire.
l may / might用于肯定句和否定句中。Eg:
It may or may not rain. I’m not sure.
Peter might come with us tonight, but he isn’t very sure yet.
2. 确定被推测时间,正确判断动词时态。
(1) 对现在或将来的情况进行推测时,用“情态动词+do”。Eg:
Mr. Reed looks pale. He may be ill.
If you don’t have a guide, you could lose your way.
(2) 对此时此刻正在进行的情况进行推测时,用“情态动词+be+动词-ing形式”。Eg:
At this moment, our teacher must be correcting our exam papers.
He could be doing his homework in his room now.
He may be waiting for you now.
(3) 对过去的情况进行推测时,用“情态动词+have+过去分词”。Eg:
The road is wet. It must have rained last night.
Mars couldn’t have watched TV yesterday for he knew they would have an exam.
He didn’t come to school yesterday. He might have been ill.
【拓展】在特定的语境中,“might/could+have+过去分词”不是对一件事情是否发生进行推测,而是表示本来可能发生但没有发生,或者本来可能完成却没有完成的动作,有时具有一定的感情色彩。
l might have done本可以做(却没有),有时表示很委婉的责备。Eg:
You might have phoned me, though you were busy then.
l could have done本可能做(却没有)。Eg:
He could have caught the early bus, but he was delayed by helping a stranger.
【即学即练】用must, can/could, may/might及括号内动词的正确形式填空。
1. —Where is David?
—He ________ (be) at school. Classes begin at 8.
2. I’m absolutely sure! They ________ (arrive) yesterday. I saw their tickets.
3. Are you joking? Mark ________ (go) to Paris. He doesn’t have enough money.
4. They ________ (live) in New York, but I’m not sure.
5. The concert ________ (be) wonderful last night. Fiore is a great conductor.
答案:
【即学即练】
1. must be
2. must have arrived
3. can’t have gone
4. may/might/could live
5. must have been
英语什么是情态动词
情态动词(modal verb)是一个语法学术语。抽象地说,是用来表达情态的动词;具体地说,是用来表达可能、意愿、必要的动词。上述定义是从抽象的语义角度出发的。事实上在具体语言中的界定往往还要符合一定的句法形式或形态标准。在现代汉语语法中,情态动词又被称为能愿动词或助动词;而在英语中情态动词则是助动词中的一类。
情态动词无人称和数的变化, 情态动词后面跟的动词需用原形,否定式构成是在情态动词后面加 "not"。 个别情态动词有现在式和过去式两种形式, 过去式用来表达更加客气, 委婉的语气, 时态性不强, 可用于过去,现在或将来。情态动词属非及物动词,故没有被动语态。
He could be here soon.
他很快就来。
We can't carry the heavy box.
我们搬不动那箱子。
I'm sorry I can't help you.
对不起,我帮不上你。
基本助动词与情态助动词最主要的区别之一是,基本助动词本身没有词义,而情态助动词则有自己的词义,能表示说话人对有关动作或状态的看法,或表示主观设想:
What have you been doing since? (构成完成进行体,本身无词义)
I am afraid I must be going. (一定要)
You may have read some account of the matter. (或许已经)
除此之外,情态助动词还有如下词法和句法特征:
1) 除ought和used以外,其他情态动词后面只能接不带to的不定式。如果我们把ought to和used to看做是固定词组的话,那么,所有情态动词无一例外地只能接不带to的不定式:
We used to grow beautiful roses.
I asked if he would come and repair my television set.
2) 情态助动词在限定动词词组总是位居第一:
They need not have been punished so severely.
3) 情态助动词用于第三人称单数现在时的时候,没有词形变化,即其词尾无-s形式:
She dare not say what she thinks.
4) 情态动词没有非限定形式,即没有不定式和分词形式,也没有相应的动名词:
Still, she needn't have run away.
5) 情态助动词的“时”的形式并不是时间区别的主要标志。在不少场合,情态助动词的现在时和过去时形式都可以表示现在、过去或将来时间:
Would you mind very much if I ask you to do something?
She told him he ought not to have done it.
6) 情态助动词之间是相互排斥的,即在一个限定动词词组中只能出现一个情态助动词,但有时却可以与have和be基本助动词连用:
You should have washed the wound.
Well, you shouldn't be reading a novel.
英语的情态动词有哪些还要翻译出中文来
有四类:
①只做情态动词:must必须,一定;可以,应当;很可能,can(could)能,可以,may(might) 可以,能够;可能,也许;祝,愿;会,能,ought to 应当
②可做情态动词又可做实意动词:need必须;必,dare可能,或许,大概,猜想,料想
③可做情态动词又可做助动词:shall(should),应;会;将;必须;will(would) 将;愿意;必须
④具有情态动词特征:have(had) to;,used to过去常常
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