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英语主谓一致七种特殊情况下的问题及答案
英语主谓一致七种特殊情况下的问题
导语：主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。下面我总结了英语主谓一致七种特殊情况下的问题，欢迎参考!
一、涉及“主语+介词短语”的主谓一致问题
当主语后面带有with, together with, but, like, except, including等介词短语时，谓语与介词短语前的主语保持一致。如：
No one but me knows him here. 除了我这里没有一个人认识他。
My son together with some friends is leaving for Shanghai tonight. 我儿子和几个朋友今晚要去上海。
At least 20 passengers, including a driver were injured in the accident. 至少二十名乘客在事故中受伤，包括一名司机。
二、非谓语动词和从句作主语
不定式、动名词或从句作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：
To know something about English is one thing;to know English is quite another. 懂点英语是一回事，掌握英语完全是另一回事。
Walking is good exercise. 走路是很好的运动。
What you need is a good rest. 你需要的是好好休息。
三、指同一人或事物的并列结构作主语
指同一人或事物的A and B 结构(如knife and forks刀叉, bread and buttet黄油面包, a teacher and writer老师兼作家，fish and chips鱼和炸土豆片)作主语时，谓语通常要用单数。如：
A worker and writer was present at the meeting. 一位工人作家出席了会议。
Fish and chips is a popular meal in Britain. 鱼和炸土豆片在英国是很受欢迎的膳食。
四、one or two…与one / a…or two作主语
“one or two +复数名词”作主语，谓语动词用复数;“a / one +单数名词+or two”作主语，谓语动词用单数。如：
Only one or two students were late today. 今天只有一两个同学迟到。
One student or two was late today. 今天只有一两个同学迟到。
五、四则运算中的主谓一致
在四则运算中，谓语动词一般用单数。如：
Three times six is eighteen. 三乘六得十八。
Three and five equals eight. 三加五等于八。
六、定语从句的关系代词作主语
定语从句的关系代词作主语，谓语动词的'数与先行词一致。注意：“one of +复数名词+定语从句”中，从句谓语用复数，但若one前有the (only)时，从句谓语动词用单数。如：
Tom is one of the students who were late this morning. 汤姆是今天早上迟到的那些学生中的一个。
Tom is the only one of the students who was late this morning. 在这些学生中汤姆是今天早上唯一迟到的人。
七、强调结构中的主谓一致
在强调结构(it is…that…)中，若强调的是主语，that后面的谓语动词与被强调部分一致。例如：
It is I that am his English teacher. 我就是他的英语老师。
;新编英语语法主谓一致
1 定义
1.1 在英语句子里，谓语受主语支配，其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致，就叫主谓一致。
2 用法三原则
2.1 语法一致原则
2.1.1 主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。如：The number of books he has surprises us all. (主语为单数形式的number) / Jack and I are good friends. (主语为复数形式的Jack and I)
2.2 意义一致原则
2.2.1 主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。如：The team are all from South China. (team虽为单数形式，但意指全体队员，所以谓语用复数)
2.2.2 主语形式为复数，而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。如：Physics is his favourite subject. (physics虽为复数形式，但意指物理学科，所以谓语用单数)
2.3 就近原则
2.3.1 谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。如用连词or，either…or, neither…not, not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。如：Neither he nor they are able to finish the job on time. / Neither they nor he is able to finish the job on time.
3 代词作主语
3.1 名词性物主代词作主语时，既可以用作单数，也可以用作复数，这取决于它所代替的是单数还是复数。如：Your trousers are black and mine are yellow. / Your pencil is long and mine is short.
3.2 such, the same起指示代词作用时，应根据其所指的内容来决定单、复数。如：Such is his idea. / Such are his words.
3.3 关系代词who, that, which等在定语从句中作主语时，其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。如：He who is standing under the tree is my father. / The students who are standing under the tree are from America.
3.4 疑问代词who, what, which作主语时，谓语动词可根据说话人所要表达的意思决定单、复数。如：Which apple do you like? / Which apples do you like?
3.5 不定代词any, either, neither, none, all some, more等作主语时，谓语多用单数。有时也用复数，要看不定代词所指是否为复数。如：All has changed here. / All are present for the meeting now.
4 数词或表量的名词作主语
4.1 “分数或百分数+名词”构成的短语以及由“a lot of, lots of plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of +名词”构成的短语作主语时，其谓语动词要与短语中of后面的名词的数保持一致，这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词，而短语中前面的量词是修饰语，例如：Lots of deputies will be invited to the conference. / Lots of milk was dumped as waste during the Depression.
4.2 a great deal of只能后接不可数名词，谓语用单数形式。如：A great deal of money has been invested in building the new road.
4.3 表示数量的one and a half后，名词要用复数形式，但是其短语作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，例如：One and a half teaspoonfuls is just enough for me. 其中，one and a half teaspoonfuls也可以表达为：one teaspoonful and a half。
4.4 a number of（许多）与the number of（...的数量）。两者都是后接可数名词的复数，但前者的谓语用复数形式，后者的谓语用单数形式。如：A number of teachers went on strike yesterday. / The number of the teachers who went on strike yesterday was amazing.
4.5 an amount of（许多）与the amount of（...的数量）。两者只能后接不可数名词，而且谓语都用单数形式。如：An amount of water is wasted every year. / The amount of water which is wasted every year is amazing.
5 名词作主语
5.1 某些集体名词作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。如：The group is a happy one. / The group are on holiday now.
5.2 某些集体名词，如people, police, cattle等，只当复数看待，谓语动词必须用复数。如：The cattle are what they rely on for a living.
5.3 单、复数同形的名词主语时，谓语动词应根据意义决定单、复数。如：A deer is wandering in the bush. / Deer are claimed to be the king's property.
5.4 名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店、工厂、住宅等，作主语时，动词一般用单数。如：The butcher's is just around the corner.
5.5 不定代词each, every, no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Each boy and each girl wants to go for an outing in the woods.
5.6 一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式，但如果主语用“a kind of, a pair of , a series of等+名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如：A pair of shoes is a must for everyone.
5.7 当名词词组中心词为表示度量、距离、金额、时间、书名等复数名词时，往往可以根据意义一致的原则，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语用单数形式。如：Five kilometers is a long way to go for school.
5.8 如果主语有more than one…或many a…构成，尽管从意义上看是复数内容，但它的谓语动词仍用单数形式。但是，“more +复数名词+than one”结构之后，谓语动词一般多用复数形式。如：Many a book has been sold out these days. / More books than one have been sold out these days.
5.9 在主谓倒装的句子中，谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。如：Between the two rivers lies a small village.
5.10 用and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。但是，并列主语如果指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念时，谓语动词用单数形式，这时and后面的名词没有冠词。如：Jack and Mary are both from France. / A knife and fork is a must for a meal in America.
5.11 当主语后面跟有as well as, as much as, no less than, along with, with, like, rather than, together with, but, except, besides, including, in addition to等引导的词组时，其谓语动词的单、复数由这些单词或短语前的名词或代词的单复数来决定。如：The teacher as well as the students is ready for the trip.
5.12 以or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also等连接的名词（代词）作主语时，谓语动词的单复数应根据就近一致的原则。如：Either Tim or his brothers have to water the garden. / Either his brothers or Tim has to water the garden.
6 名词化的形容词或过去分词作主语
6.1 如果主语由“the+形容词（或过去分词）”结构担任时，谓语通常用复数。如：The poor are not inferior to the rich before law.
6.2 少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别，则用单数。如：The departed was a very good neighbour.
7 从句作主语
7.1 由what引导的主语从句，谓语动词通常用单数，但所指的具体内容是复数意义时，谓语动词一般用复数形式，例如：What we need is more fresh water. / What we need are more children's books.
7.2 在“one of+复数名词++who/that/which”引导的从句结构中，关系代词who/that/which的先行词是靠近它的复数名词而不是one，因此，从句中的动词应该是复数形式。但是当one之前有the only等修饰语时，关系代词的先行词是one，而不是靠近它的复数名词，因此从句的动词应是单数形式。如：It is one of the most boring films that have been made. / It is the only one of the films that interests me.
主谓一致属于什么语法
用作主语的名词词组中心词和谓语动词在单、复数形式上的一致,就是语法一致.也就是说,如果名词中心词是单数,动词用单数形式；如果名词中心词是复数,动词用复数形式.例如：
This table is a genuine antique.
Both parties have their own advantages.
Her job has something to do with computers.
She wants to go home.
They are divorcing each other.
Mary was watching herself in the mirror.
The bird built a nest.
Susan comes home every week-end.
（二） 编辑本段 回目录 主谓一致 - 意义一致原则
有时,主语和谓语动词的一致关系取决于主语的单、复数意义,而不是语法上的单、复数形式,这样的一致关系就是意义一致.例如：
Democratic government gradually take the place of an all-powerful monarchy.
A barracks was attacked by the guerilla.
Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.
The United States is a developed country.
It is the remains of a ruined palace.
The archives was lost.
This pair of trousers costs fifty dollars.
（三） 编辑本段 回目录 主谓一致 - 就近原则
有时,谓语动词的单、复数形式决定于最靠近它的词语.
例如：
Either my grandsons or their father is coming.
No one except his daughters agree with him.
Mary and her sisters are baking a cake.
Neither Richard nor I am going.
编辑本段 回目录 主谓一致 - 以集合名词做主语的主谓一致问题
有些集合名词,ommittee,council,crew,crowd,family,gang,government,group,mob,staff,team, union等,在意义上是复数,但在语法形式上是单数,这类名词作主语的主谓一致问题往往遵循“语法一致”或“意义一致”原则.例如：
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
A council of elders governs the tribe.
The present government is trying to control inflation.
The school staff are expected to supervise school meals.
（一）通常作复数的集体名词
包括police,people, cattle, militia, vermin等,这些集体名词通常用作复数.
例如：
The British police have only very limited powers.
The militia were called out to guard the borderland.
It seems the cattle on the sides of the dikes were the only living creatures in these desolate surroundings.
（二）通常作不可数名词的集体名词
通常作不可数名词的集体名词,包括poultry,foliage,machinery, equipment,furniture,
merchandise等,这类名词后的动词用单数形式.
例如：
Poultry is expensive at this time of year.
That green foliage was restful.
The merchandise has arrived undamaged.
All the machinery in the factory is made in China.
The suite of furniture he bought was of contemporary style.
The equipment of the photographic studio was expensive.
（三）可作单数也可作复数的集体名词
可作单数也可作复数的集体名词,包括audience, committee, crew, family, government,jury等.
例如：
The audience was/were enthusiastic on the opening night of the play.
The committee has/have decided to dismiss him.
The jury is/are about to announce the winners.
The government has/have discussed the matter for a long time.
三、a committee, etc of +复数名词的主谓一致问题
如果主语是由a committee of /a panel of /a (the) board of +复数名词构成,随后的动词通常用单数.
例如：
A committee of twelve men is to discuss the matter.
A panel of experts has considered the situation.
The board of managers is responsible for the firm.
四、以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题
英语可数名词的规则复数形式是在词尾加-s或-es,但是有一些以-s结尾的名词并不是可数名词.它们用法多样,造成了实际使用上的困难,以下详述了以-s结尾的名词作主语的主谓一致问题.
（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
（一）以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题
以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语的主谓一致问题,如：arthritis,bronchitis,diabetes,mumps,phlebitis,rickets,这类以-s结尾的疾病名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数.
例如：
Arthritis causes great pain in the joints of the patient.
The diabetes is a kind of chronic disease.
Measles usually occurs in children.
Phlebitis is a swollen condition of the blood vessels.
（二）以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语的主谓一致问题
以-s结尾的游戏名称作主语时,谓语动词通常用作单数.
例如：
Darts is basically a easy game.
Marbles is not confined to children.
Skittles is not fashionable nowadays.
Draughts is not very difficult to learn.
但当Darts,Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时,谓语动词通常用作复数.
例如：
Three darts are thrown at each turn.
All nine skittles were brought down by the good throw.
（三）以-s结尾的地理名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以-s结尾的地理名称,如果是国名,如the United States,the Netherlands等,因其是单一政治实体,所以谓语动词用作单数.
例如：
The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s'.
In early January 1996 the Netherlands was hit by its worst storm since 1976.
但如果是群岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名称作主语,谓语动词用作复数.
例如：
The West Indies are commonly divided into two parts.
The Himalayas have a magnificent variety of plant.
The Straits of Gibraltar have not lost their strategic importance.
The Niagara Falls are perhaps the most splendid waterfall in the world.
（四）以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语的主谓一致问题
某些以-ics结尾的学科名称作主语时,如physics,mathematics,mechanics, optics, acoustics, politics statistics, economics, linguistics, athletics等, 谓语动词通常用作单数.
例如：
Physics is a fundamental subject in science.
The third world economics is promising.
Acoustics studies the science of sound.
Mathematics is an interesting subject.
Athletics is a required course for students of all grades.
但如果这类名词表示学科以外的其它含义,可作复数用.
例如：
Athletics have been greatly encouraged at this college.
The acoustics of the new concert hall are perfect.
The economics of the project are still at issue.
（五）其它以-s结尾的名词的主谓一致问题
A.以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名称作主语
英语中有一些通常以-s结尾的由两部分组成的物体名词,如glasses, pincers,pliers,scissors, shorts,suspenders,trousers等,这类名词做主语,如果不带“一把”、“一副”等单位词,谓语动词通常用复数.
例如：
Mary's glasses are new.
John's trousers are black.
如果带有单位词, 则由单位词决定动词的单、复数形式.
例如：
One pair of pincers isn't enough.
Two pairs of scissors are missing from my tool box.
B.其他以-s结尾的名词
英语中还有一些以- s结尾的名词,如archives,arms,clothes, contents, eaves, fireworks, goods, minutes, morals, remains stairs, suburbs, thanks,wages这类名词作主语时,谓语动词通常用复数.
例如：
The archives of the country are kept in the Department of Security.
The contents of the book are most amusing.
High wages often result in high prices.
My thanks are sincere.
五、如果句子的主语是并列结构,其主谓一致问题通常遵循以下原则：
（一）由and/both...and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
（二）由or/nor/either...or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
（三）主语 + as much as,etc的主谓一致问题
（一）由and/both...and连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
由and/both...and连接的并列结构作主语,可根据主语的意义决定谓语动词的单、复数形式.
例如：
Pancakes and syrup is a tasty breakfast.
The number and diversity of British newspaper is considerable.
Good and bad taste are inculcated by example.
Fish and chips are getting very expensive.
A truck and a car were in the ditch.
Both Cathy and her daughter Lida have gone fishing in Canada.
当and连接的并列名词词组带有each,every,或者many a 等限定词时,谓语动词通常用单数.
例如：
Each man and each woman there is asked to help.
Every flower and every bush is to be cut down.
Every change of season, every change of weather, indeed every hour of the day, produces some change in the magical hues and shapes of these mountains.
Many a boy was disappointed after seeing the film.
（二）由or/nor/either...or连接的并列主语的主谓一致问题
由or,nor,either...or, neither...nor,not only...but also连接的并列结构作主语,随后的动词形式通常按照“就近原则”处理.
例如：
Neither Lucy nor Carol has any money left.
Neither sleet nor snow stops him from driving his new Mercedes-Benz.
Either Tina or Carol is sure to know the answer.
Neither my father nor my brothers are likely to be at theater.
Neither the Kansas coach nor the players were confident of victory.
Not only one, but all of us are hoping to be there.
Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been stolen.
（三）主语 + as much as,etc的主谓一致问题
当主语后面跟有由as much as, rather than , more than, no less than 等引导的从属结构,或跟有由as well as, in addition to ,with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时, 其后的动词形式取决主语的形式.
例如：
The vessel, with its entire crew and cargo was lost.
The ocean, as well as the gulf and the bay, provides good fishing.
John, rather than his roommates, is to blame.
Hugh,as well as his two sisters, is vacationing in Wyoming this summer.
Some of the employees as much as the manager were responsible for the failure.
My husband,more than anyone else in the family, is longing to go there again.
Billy, together with his sisters, was wounded in the accident.
No one except two girls was late for school.
六、以表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
数量概念分两类：一类是确定数量,如 two years, five seconds,three kilos,等,另一类是非确定数量,如all of..., some of..., none of.如果用这类表示数量概念的名词词组作主语,会产生主谓一致问题.
（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
（一）以表示确定数量的名词词组作主语
当主语为表示确定数量的名词词组时,如果数量概念被看做一个整体,动词用单数,如果被看做组成该数量的个体,动词用复数.
例如：
The treasurer considered that twenty dollars was not too much to ask.
"Two months is too short a time," General manager warned, "we must hurry up."
Three weeks is needed to complete the task.
There were six silver dollars in each of the stockings.
Three pints is not enough to get him drunk.
A total of 50,000 new bicycles was registered in the year.
如果作主语的名词词组是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成,其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别.
例如：
Two-thirds of the people present is against the plan.
Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered by sea.
Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war.
Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.
两数相减或相除,谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘,谓语动词可用单数,也可用复数.
例如：
Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three.
Forty-two divided by six is seven.
Six and eight makes/make fourteen.
Six times eight is/are forty-eight.
如果主语由"one in/one out of + 复数名词" 构成,在正式语体中,动词用单数.
例如：
One in ten students has passed the examination.
One out of twelve bottles was left intact.
（二）以表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语的主谓一致问题
如果主语由 "a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of +名词"或由“a kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of+名词” 构成,谓语动词通常用单数.
例如：
A panel of us has decided to hire a boat and travel through Holland by canal.
A pile of apple logs was set beside the hearth.
A portion of reports is deceiving.
This kind of cars is rather expensive.
This type of women is dangerous.
That type of machines is up-to-date.
如果主语是由“many a +名词" 或“more than one +名词"构成,随后的动词遵循“语法一致”原则,用单数.
例如：
Many a person in these circumstances has hoped for a long break.
Many a man has his own responsibility.
More than one student has failed the exam.
More than one ship was lost this year.
如果主语是all of, some of,none of, half of, most of,lots of,loads of ,plenty of,等表示非确定数量的名词词组,谓语动词的单、复数形式根据 of词组中名词类别而定.
例如：
Most of the money was recovered by Deputy Player.
All of the cargo was lost.
Some of the books were badly torn.
None of my friends ever come to see me.
Half of the building was destroied during the war.
Half of the students are eager to leave now.
Lots of people are waiting outside.
Loads of apples have been distributed among the children.
Plenty of water was prepared for irrigation.
在英语中什么是主语谓语宾语定语表语状语
强调句型的构成是：It is (was) + 被强调部分+ that (who) + 句子的其他成分。被强调的部分放在 It is (was) 之后，其它部分置于that之后。被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语。强调的主语如果是人，可以由who代替that。
1. 被强调的成分举例：
原句：Tom found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调主语：It was Tom who / that found my pen in the classroom yesterday.
强调宾语：It was my pen that Tom found in the classroom yesterday.
强调地点状语：It was in the classroom that Tom found my pen yesterday.
强调时间状语：It was yesterday that Tom found my pen in the classroom.
2. 强调句型的一般疑问式：
直接把is或was提到it之前即可。例如：
Was it Tom that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
3. 强调句型的特殊疑问式：
特殊疑问词+ is (was) it + that +句子的其他成分。特殊疑问词即是被强调的成分。例如：
Who was it that found your pen in the classroom yesterday?
4. that (who) 有时可以省略：
这种强调句型中的that或who有时可以省略。例如：
It was my brother (that / whom) you saw the other day.
5. 强调原因状语从句要注意：
若从句由as或since引导，强调时则改为because，这是因为，because引导的原因从句表示的意义非常强烈，符合强调句的目的。例如：
As she got up late, she missed the first bus. 变为：
It was because she got up late that she missed the bus.
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