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虚拟语气的三种时态表格
虚拟语气的三种情况是与现在事实相反、与过去事实相反、与将来事实相反,从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,即只需要看谓语动词的时态是过去时、现在时还是将来时。
判断时态看谓语动词
虚拟语气通常用于wish后的宾语从句中,表示与事实相反或不大可能实现的愿望。通常有三种形式:
①对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望:主语+wish+ 从句主语+would(could, might)+动词原形
eg:I wish she would try again.我希望她能再试一次
②表示与现在事实相反的愿望:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+动词过去式
eg:I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.我希望我没离开我儿子.
③对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时:主语+wish(that)+从句主语+would/could have/had+过去分词
eg:I wish you had come to my birthday party.你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,与wish的时态无关。
虚拟语气的时态
与现在事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去式。如:
If I knew her number I could ring her up. 要是我知道她的电话号码,我就可以给她打电话了。
与过去事实相反,虚拟语气的条件从句的谓语用过去完成时。如:
If I'd left sooner,I'd have been on time. 要是我早点动身,我就准时到了。
与将来事实相反,条件从句的谓语用过去式。如:
If he went,would you go too? 如果他去,你也去吗?
if虚拟语气的三种形式
虚拟语气的三种形式如下:
1、对将来发生的事情表示祝愿或愿望:主语+wish+从句主语+would(could,might)+动词原形。
I wish she would try again.
我希望她能再试一次。
2、表示与现在事实相反的愿望:主语+wish (that)+从句主语+动词过去式。
I wish I wasn’t leaving my son.
我希望我没离开我儿子。
3、对过去发生的事情表示遗憾或后悔时:主语+wish (that)+从句主语would/couldhave/had+过去分词。
I wish you had come to my birthday party.
你要是来了我的生日晚会就好了。
4、从句的时态只与从句所指的时间有关,与wish的时态无关。
英语中的语气分为陈述语气、祈使语气、虚拟语气、疑问语气和感叹语气五类。虚拟语气是说话者用来表示假设,或难以实现的情况,而非客观存在的事实,所陈述的是一个条件,不一定是事实,甚至完全与事实相反。
此外如需表达主观愿望或某种强烈的感情时,也可用虚拟语气。虚拟语气通过谓语动词的特殊形式来表示。
如何辨别虚拟语气中的三种时态英语
1、对现在的虚拟结构:if+主语+动词动词过去时,主语+should/would+动词原形 ,should不可以省略。
【例句】If I had had enough money, I would have joined the swimming club.
【翻译】如果我有足够的钱,我就能去参加游泳俱乐部了。
2 、对过去的虚拟结构:if+主语+had+过去分词,主语+should/would+have+动词过去时。
【例句】If she had told him about the danger, he would not have got hurt.
【翻译】如果她能早点告诉他危险,他就不会受伤了。
3 、对将来的虚拟结构:if+主语+should+动词原形(were to+动词原形),主语+would/should+动词原形,这个should 可以省略。
【例句】If he had followed my advice, he would not suffer so much now.
【翻译】如果他当初听我的意见,现在就不会受那么多的罪了。
虚拟条件句的从句中如果有助动词were; had或should可以去掉if以后用倒装句语序。
【例句 】:
1、Had I not helped him, he would have failed in business.
如果我没有帮助他,他就无法完成他的工作。
2、Should I be free, I would come .
如果我有空的话,我就会来。
3、Were she my daughter, I could suggest a different plan .
如果她是我的女儿,我会提出不同的计划。
问组词
虚拟语气
概述
英语的动词有三种语气形式,即陈述语气、祈使语气和虚拟语气.陈述语气用来说明事实或就事实提出询问,可用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句中;祈使语气用于表示请求、命令、建议或警告等.
虚拟语气是谓语动词的一种特殊形式,用来表达假设、主观愿望、猜测、建议、可能或空想等
If I were you ,I would not go.我要是你,我就不会去.(虚拟语气)
I wish I had a lot of money.要是我有很多很多钱就好了.(虚拟语气)
If I have time,I will go.假若我有时间,我就去.(陈述语气) If I were you,I would go.假若我是你,我就去.(虚拟语气 )
时态类型
主句谓语形式
条件句的谓语形式
例句
与现在事实相反
would/should/could/might+ V原形
动词过去式 did
*be 多用were
1.If I were you,I should study English.
2.I would certainly go if I had time.
与过去事实相反
would/should/could/might + have done
动词过去完成式
had done
1.If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the test.
2.If I had left a little earlier,I would have caught the train.
与将来事实相反
would/should/could/might + V原形
①动词过去式
②should +V原
③were + to do
1.If you came tomorrow,we would have the meeting.①
2.If it were to rain tomorrow,the meeting would be put off.③
*规律总结:从句都往过去推一个时态,如:与现在相反的if从句就用过去时;与过去相反用过去完成时即过去的过去
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