本文目录
虚拟语气的定义是啥?
定义：以if为开头的条件从句且与内容事实相反或发生的可能性极小的事件
典型虚拟语气词：
If,
Without\But
for,
Overwise,半倒装（将if省略后，把were，had，should提到句首）
英语中虚拟语气的定义
虚拟语气的定义
虚拟语气用来表示说话人所说的不是一个事实，而是一种愿望、假设、怀疑、建议猜测、可能或纯粹的空想。如：If I were you,I should gou.如果我是你，我就去。前半部分是条件从句，后半部分是结果主句。其动词形式i要有所变化。
与现在事实相反 条件从句 If I (we,you,he,they)+动词be的过去式用were
结果主句 I (we)should+动词原形
He(you\they)would+动词原形
例如：If I were you, I should go.如果我是你，我会去（我就会去）
与过去事实相反 条件从句 If I (we,you,he,they)+ had+过去分词
结果主句 I (we) should+ have+过去分词
He (you\they) would+ have+过去分词
例如：If you had come a few minutes earlier,you would have met him.
如果你早来几分钟的话，你就见到他了。
与将来事实可能相反 条件从句 If I (we,you,he,they)+ +should+动词原形
结果主句 (we)should+动词原形
He(you\they)would+动词原形
例如：if it should rain tomorrow,he would not go with you.
如果明天下雨，他就不和你一起去了。
需要用虚拟语气的词语
一、insist
1、含义：vt. 坚持；坚决主张，vi. 坚持；强调。
2、用法
insist的基本意思是“坚持”，常用于坚持意见、看法、主张等。insist既可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。作及物动词时,不能用名词、代词或动词不定式作宾语，只能接that引导的从句。
若指尚未发生的动作，从句谓语常用虚拟语气(should+动词原形或直接用动词原形)；若表示一个已发生的动作或已存在的状态时，从句谓语多用陈述语气。that有时可以省略。
insist用作不及物动词时，其后常须加介词on〔upon〕,然后接名词、代词或动名词。该动名词前可加物主代词或名词、人称代词的宾格形式作其逻辑主语，该动名词的否定形式是在其前直接加not。
He insisted that he had done right.
他坚决认为自己做对了。
They insist that I stay there for supper.
他们坚决要求让我留下吃晚饭。
二、command
1、含义：n. 命令；指挥；掌握；[计算机] DOS命令 : 引用辅助命令处理器，v. 命令；指挥；掌握；博得。
2、用法
command用作动词是正式用语，表示“命令，要求”时，一般不用作进行时； 其后可接名词或代词作宾语，接带动词不定式的复合结构和that从句时，从句中的谓语动词应用虚拟式，即“(should＋)动词原形”。command在书面语体中可以引出直接引语，作“命令道”或“用命令的口气说道”解。
He growled a command to her to stop.
他咆哮着命令她停下来。
The company commander roared his command.
连长高声发布命令。
三、suggest
1、含义：vt. 建议；暗示；使想起；表明；要求。
2、用法
suggest的基本意思是“建议”“提议”，还可表示“暗示，表明”“使想起”等。suggest作“建议”“提议”解后接that从句作宾语时，从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式; 作“表明，暗示”“使想起”等解时，从句中的谓语动词可用陈述式。
I suggested going for a walk.
我建议去散步。
I suggested to him that we should tackle the problem another way.
我向他建议我们用另一种方式处理这个问题。
四、propose
1、含义：v. 打算；计划；向 ... 提议；求婚；提名。
2、用法
propose的基本意思是“提议，建议”,多指在讨论或争辩中提出明确的意见或建议,强调要求对方予以考虑或同意。引申可表示“打算,计划(做某事)”。可用作及物动词，也可用作不及物动词。用作及物动词时，可接名词、代词、动名词、动词不定式或从句作宾语。后接从句时，从句要用虚拟语气。
I propose an early start tomorrow morning.
我打算明天早上早点出发。
He proposed to buy and run a farm.
他计划购买并经营一个农场。
五、require
1、含义：v. 要求；需要；命令；规定。
2、用法
require接含有被动意义的非谓语动词时，不定式表示被动结构，而动名词表示主动结构； require接that从句时从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。
The director required that we should work all night.
主任要求我们通宵工作。
We must not propagate one method and require all localities to adopt it.
我们在宣传上不要只讲一种办法，要求各地都照着去做。
虚拟语气的定义是啥?
虚拟语气讲解及练习
一．非真实条件句的虚拟情况:
句型 条件从句 主句
对现在的虚拟 were/did should/would/could/might+v.
对过去的虚拟 had done should/would/could/might+ have+done
对将来的虚拟 1.were/did
2.were to
3.should+v.
Should/would/could/might+v.
1. If I were you, I would go at once.
2. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him.
If she had told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
3. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you.
If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.
4.混合时间条件句：主从句不一定用指同一时间的动词。主句和从句的谓语动词要依照假设的时间而定。
If Paul had received six more votes in the last election, he would be our chairman now.
If you had followed the teacher’s advice, you wouldn’t be in the hospital.
If you ____that late movie last night, you wouldn’t be so sleepy.
A. haven’t watched B.didn’t watch C. hadn’t watched D.wouldn’t watched
5．含蓄条件句：有时假设的条件不通过条件从句表示而含蓄在介词短语或上下文中。
(1) without 和but for (要不是) 构成虚拟。
Without ( but for ) the party, we wouldn’t be so happy.
We might have died without your help. = We might have died if you hadn’t helped us.
(2) otherwise , or ( 否则， 要不然) =if…not…
He studies very hard, or/otherwise he couldn’t study so well.
I was busy last week, otherwise I would have come to see you.
=If I had not been so busy last week, I would have come to see you.
( 3 ) if only后加句子… “要是……就好了”
If only I could learn English in one day. If only Jim had passed the exam.
★．假设虚拟条件倒装。 条件从句中有 should, were, had 三词，把 if 省略，将这三个词提到句首
If I were you, I would give it up. Were I you, I would give it up.
If she had told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
Had she told him about the danger, he would not have hurt.
二．虚拟语气用于宾语从句中。
1. wish引起的表示愿望的虚拟语气
wish +(that)+主语 +
I wish I could buy a spaceship some day. I wish that he wasn’t so lazy.
The exhibition was so bored that I wish I had not gone to it.
2. would rather(that)+从句，表示“愿望”的虚拟
would rather (that) + 主语 +
I would rather you had gone there. I would rather you stayed at home now
3.用于表示意愿,建议，命令，请求，提议等动词后的that宾语从句中，用(should)+动词原形,这类动词有:ask, advise, command, decide, demand, desire, determine, insist (坚持要求,硬要), propose, order, require, request, suggest… 一个坚持，两个命令，三个建议，四个要求。即1.insist 2. order, command 3. advise, suggest, propose 4. demand , require, request, desire
She advised that we should keep the door locked.
He suggests that she should leave the dangerous house at once.
He insisted that she (should) show him her passport.
三． 用于主语从句中。
（1）It’s necessary /strange/ natural/ important + that---Clause
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形
It is important that we ( should ) master a foreign language. It’s necessary that we should study hard.
(3) It’s + 过去分词 + that—clause
从句中的动词要用虚拟，即（should）+动词原形， 其中的为建议，要求，命令的动词。如：insisted ,ordered , requested ,required ,demanded etc.
It was ordered that the old sick man (should) be sent to the hospital at once.
四．用于表语从句。主语为表示建议。要求，命令等的名词 如：
insistence, order ,advice ,suggestion , ,requirement 等
My suggestion is that English test( should) be read aloud by students every morning.
五．用于同位语从句His suggestion that students should wear school uniform has been agreed.
※ 当suggest表暗示，insist 表坚持说的时候，从句不用虚拟语气。
His face suggested that he was angry.(暗示)
He insisted that he was innocent.(坚称,坚持说)
六．用在as if(as though)引导的方式状语(表语)从句中,动词形式和wish宾语从句的形式相同。
as if /though +主语 +
You are talking as if you had seen them. He speaks English as if he were an Englishman.
七．It is (about/high) time that+ 主语=should do/ 过去时
It is time that you should have a class.=It is time that you had a class.
It is time that you should leave. =It is time you left.
It is time for you to have a class.
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