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主谓一致语法总结思维导图
如下:
and连接的2个名词作主语,表明不一样的人或事,谓语动词用复数。and连接的2个名词做主语,表明同一个人或同一件事,谓语动词用奇数。
两个词习惯性上被当作一个总体时,谓语动词用奇数。当主语由no … and no …, each … and each ..., every … and every … 等连接时,谓语动词用奇数。
当主语由as well as, apart from, besides, in addition to,等词句连接时,谓语动词的单复数与这种词句前的名词或介词保持一致。
当主语由or, either … or …, neither … nor …或not only … but also …等连接时,谓语动词的单复数一般与邻近的名词或介词保持一致。团体名词police,media,cattle等作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。
主谓一致指“人称”和“数”方面的一致关系。对大多数人来说,往往会在掌握主语和随后的谓语动词之间的一致问题上遇到困难。一般情况下,主谓之间的一致关系由以下三个原则的支配:语法一致原则 (grammatical concord)意义一致原则 (notional concord) 就近原则 (principle of proximity)。
“主谓一致”考查内容涉及名词单数或复数作主语、不可数名词作主语、不定代词作主语、并列结构作主语、特殊名词作主语时与谓语动词数的一致等。
小升初英语语法知识点总结
小升初英语语法总结:主谓一致
1.主语是he ,she, it, either, neither, each, anything, something, everything, nothing, someone, everyone, anyone, nobody, no one, 等代词时,谓语动词用单数。
Someone is asking for you. 有人在找你。
Everyone is here. 大家都来了。
Each of the boys has an apple.
2. 表示总称意义的名词people, cattle, police做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
Cattle are farmer’s friends.
The policeman is standing at the street corner. The police are searching for him.
3. 主语是:时间,距离,价格等名词,即使是复数形式,谓语动词只用单数。
Three years passes quickly.
Two meters is not long enough.
4.主语是:clothes, glasses, trousers, shoes, socks, gloves 等名词时,谓语动词用复数。
The trousers are not expensive.
Your socks are over there.
5.主语是:family, class, team, group等名词时,如果是作为整体,谓语动词用单数;如果作为其中一个个的成员,谓语动词用复数。
Our class is made up of ten students.
Our class are working very hard.
6. 主语是the number of+名词复数时,表示……的数目,谓语动词用单数。但是主语是a number of+名词复数时,表示许多,谓语动词用复数。
The number of students in our school is large.
A number of students in our school are from America.
7.and 连接的两个成对的名词:fork and knife, bread and butter, coffee and water等,表示单一的概念,故谓语动词用单数。
Where is youe fork and knife?
Bread and butter is a daily food in the west.
8. and 连接的两个名词若是指同一个人,谓语动词用单数。
The teacher and writer is my uncle.
The teacher and the writer are coming to us now.
9. and 连接的.两个名词前分别有every, each, many a修饰时,谓语动词用单数。
Every boy and every girl enjoys themselves in the school.
Many a teacher and many a student has spoken at the meeting.
10. 主语是:many a +名词单数;a +名词单数+or two,谓语动词用单数。
Many a student is interested in English. 很多学生对英语感兴趣。
A worker or two is going to be sent to work abroad. 一两个工人将被派往国外去工作。
11. 主语是:one or two+名词复数,谓语动词用复数。
One or two spelling mistakes have been found in your composition.
12. One and a half+名词复数做主语,谓语动词用单数。
One and a half bananas is left on the table.
13.either…or…, neither… nor…, not only…but also…等连接名词作主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则。
Neither you nor he is right.
14.主语是:介词with, together with, except, besides, as well as, but等连接的两个名词时,谓语动词的形式应与介词前面的名词的数保持一致。
The teacher with his students is discussing a question. 老师和学生们在讨论问题。
Nothing but cars is sold in the shop.
;常见的主谓一致
写在前面
主谓一致是夫唱妇随(指主语和谓语两个语法成分之间保持一致)。
可数名词和不可数名词单数做主语时,谓语动词用单数;
可数名词复数做主语时,谓语动词用复数。
区别:
名单动s(is/has/动词加s);
名复动原(are/have/动词原型)
记忆口诀:
名单动s,名复动原
01
▼
语法一致
(1)中心名词
不可数集合名词(谓单)
more than one +名词单数(谓单)
more +名词复数+than one (谓复)
many a+名词单数(谓单)
a+名词单数+or two(谓单)
one or two+复数名词(谓复)
分数、百分数、half、most、rest of+名词(谓语动词和of后面名词保持一致)
a quantily of /a lot of/plenty of+名词(同上,谓语动词和of后面名词保持一致)
(2)由and、both…and连接的并列主语(谓复)
(3)each、every、no连接两个名词(谓单)
(4)关于number 用法
a number of +名词(谓复)
the number of +名词(谓单)
(5)定语从句中
the (only) one of n. +定从(从句谓单)
one of n. +定从(从句谓复)
(6)种类做主语
(a/this/that) kind of+名词(谓单)
(some /these) kinds of+名词(谓复)
(7)就远原则
概念:谓语动词的形式通常与前面主语的人称和数保持一致
增:
as well as(和),with(和),together with(和),basides除了
减:
but(除了)、esxcept(除了)
补:
such as(例如)、like(像)、rather than(而不是)
(8)其他(一律谓单)
动名词短语;不定式短语;名词性短语;疑问词+to do做主语
02
▼
就近原则
概念:
谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的主语(主要指名词或代)的单复数形式
(1)or连接并列主语
(2)either…or…连接并列主语
(3)neither…nor…连接并列主语
(4)not only…but(also)…连接并列主语
(5)there be句型
03
▼
概念/意义一致原则
(1)学科(ics结尾)、国家及组织等专有名词(谓单)
(2)度量名词(时间、距离、金钱等)(谓单)
(3)The+ adj. 表同一类人(谓复)
(4)群体名词表整体谓单;表成员谓复
(5)复数形式的单数名词
谓单:news(新闻)、means(方法)等
谓复:goods(货物,可数名词复数)、some means(一些方法)等
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主谓一致语法总结思维导图
主谓一致有三种一致原则,即:
一. 语法一致;
二. 概念一致(语言内容上一致);
三. 相邻一致(就近原则)。
具体讲解:
一. 语法一致;
1、单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语,用and或both…and连接的动词不定式短语、动名词短语以及主语从句作主语,谓语动词则用复数形式。例如:
Serving the people is my great happiness.
为人民服务是我最大的幸福。
Whether we’ll go depends on the weather.
我们是否去要取决于天气的好坏。
2、当如下词或短语,如:
as well as/with/along with/like/ together with/ rather than/except but/including/
accompanied by/ plus/besides/in addition to/no less than 等引起的结构跟在主语后
面,不能看作是并列主语,该主语不受这些词组引导的插入语的影响,主语如是单数,其谓语动词仍然用单数形式。
The reading course book, plus its reference books, is helpful to college students.
教材加上参考书对大学学生是非常有益的。
The man together with his wife and children sits on the sofa watching TV.
那个人和他妻儿老小坐在沙发上看电视。
3、有些代词只能指单数可数名词,当它们在句子中做主语时,尽管在意义上是多数,谓语动词仍要用单数形式。这类代词有:
either, neither, each one, the other ,another,somebody ,someone, something,anyone, anything, anybody,everyone, everything, everybody,no one, nothing ,nobody; 例如:
Neither likes the friends of the other.
两人都不喜欢对方的朋友。
Everything around us is matter.
我们周围的所有东西都是物质。
4、当and连结的两个名词是指同一个人或同一件事,and后的名词前没有冠词,谓语动词应该用单数形式;在and后面的名词前有冠词,谓语就用复数形式。例如:
The bread and butter is served for breakfast. 早饭供应黄油面包。
The bread and the butter are on sale. 正在出售黄油和面包。
5、当one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
One of those students has passed the examination.
这些学生只有一个考试及格了。
A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language laboratory use.
为语音课提前准备了一系列录音磁带。
6、由one and a half + 复数名词或the majority of + 名词做主语时,谓语动词视名词的单复数形式而定。例如:
The majority of the damage is easy to repair.
大部分的损坏品都容易修理。
One and a half students are reading English.
大部分学生在读英语。
7、plenty of, half of, a lot of, lots of, heaps of, loads of, scads of等 + 可数与不可数名词做主语时,不可数名词的谓语只用单数,可数名词的谓语视可数名词的单复数而定。例如:
There is plenty of water in the pail.
桶里还有好多水。
There are plenty of eggs in the box.
箱子里有好多鸡蛋。
8、由more than one (或more than one + 单数名词),many a + 单数名词做主语,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
More than one student has passed the examination.
不止一个学生通过了这次考试。
Many a boy learns to swim before he can read.
许多孩子在认字前就学会了游泳。
9、如果名词词组中心词是“分数或百分数 + of + 名词”,谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于of后的名词或代词的单、复数形式。例如:
Over three-quarters of the land has been reclaimed.
四分之三多的土地已经收回了。
Two-thirds of the people present are against the plan.
到场的三分之二的人都反对这个计划。
10、定语从句谓语动词的单复数形式应与先行词一致。例如:
He is one of the men who were chosen to represent the group.
被选出来代表该组的人他是其中之一。
“Keep cool” is the first of the rules that are to be remembered in an accident.
“镇静”是事故发生时应当牢记的第一条原则。
二. 概念一致原则:
1、有些集合名词如crowd, family, team, group, government, committee, class, school, union, firm, staff, public等,它们做主语时,谓语动词的数要根据语言内容而定。如果它们作为一个集体单位时,动词用单数形式,如就其中的各个成员来说,则谓语用复数形式。例如:
His family is going to move.
他准备搬家。
His family are very well.
他家人身体都好。
2、有些表示总体意义的名词,形式上是单数,而意义上却是复数,谓语动词要用复数形式,如people, police, militia, cattle, poultry等。例如:
The police are searching for a tall dark man with a beard.
警察正在搜寻一位肤色黝黑、长胡子的高个子男人。
3、有些名词形式上是复数,而意义上却是单数。如news, means, works.还有许多以-ics结尾的学科名称,如economics, physics, mechanics, politics等,它们做主语时,谓语动词要用单数形式。例如:
Politics is a complicated business.
政治学是一门复杂的东西。
Here is the news.
4、用and连接的单数主语,前面有each, every, many a, no等修饰时,谓语动词要用单数形式。复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式。例如:
Every boy and girl is treated in the same way.
每个男孩、女孩都是以同样的方式对待的。
Many a boy and many a girl has seen it.
很多姑娘小伙子都见过。
The old workers and the young each have their own tools.
青老年工人都各自有自己的工具。
5、表示重量、度量、衡量、价值的复数名词做主语,谓语动词常用单数形式。例如:
Twenty miles is a long way to walk.
二十里地可是个不近的路程。
Three pints isn’t enough to get me drunk.
三品脱还不至于把我灌醉。
6、the +形容词作主语时,如主语指的是一类人,谓语动词用复数形式;如果指的是单个人或抽象概念,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
The departed was a good friend of his.
离开者是他的一位好友。
The old are playing Beijing Opera there.
老人们正在那表演京剧。
三. 就近原则:
相邻一致是指谓语动词的人称和数常常与最近作主语的词语保持一致.常出现在这类句子中的连词有:or, either… or …,neither… nor …,not only… but also …等.例如:
Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.
不是我,就是他们要对那件事的结局负责任.
Neither the unkind words nor the unfriendly attitude has caused me any distress.既不是那些不友好的话,也不是那不友好的态度让我沮丧.
Not only he but also all his family are keen on concerts.
不仅仅是他,而且是他全家人都很热衷于音乐会.
Neither his family nor he knows anything about it.
他全家人和他都不知道那件事.
注意:谓语动词用复数:
1、复数主语,用and或both…and连接
2、形式上是单数,实际表示复数意思
谓语动词用单数
1. 单数主语、单个动词不定式、动名词短语以及句子做主语
2. 形式上是复数,实际上是单数neither, everything
3. one of, a portion of, a series of, a species of, a chain of 结构作主语
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