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定语从句关系代词的用法
定语从句关系代词的用法如下:
1、当先行词指人时,若它在从句中作主语,则用who;若它在从句作宾语,则用whom或who;若它在从 句中作定语,则用whose。如:
The man who told me this refused to tell me his name.
告诉我这事的人不肯告诉我他的名字。
The woman whose umbrella you took is very angry about it.
你拿了那个女人的伞,她非常生气。
2、当先行词指物时,若在定语从句中作主语或宾语,则用which;若它在定语从句中作定语用,则用 of which或whose。如:
I saw something in the paper which might interest you.
我在报上看到一样可能使你感兴趣的东西。
He’s written a book the name of which (whose name) I’ve forgotten.
他写了一本书,书名我给忘了。
英语定语从句关系词的作用
英语定语从句关系词的用法与区别定语从句即指在主从复合句用作定语的从句.定语从句通常修饰名词或代词,对它进行限制、描绘和说明.受定语从句修饰的词语叫先行词,引导定语从句的词语叫关系词.关系词按其性质又分关系代词和关系副词.关系词不仅引导定语从句,同时还在定语从句充当一定的句子成分.
一、关系词的用法特点关系词分关系代词和关系副词.关系代词主要有 that,who,whom,whose,which,as 等,其中who等,其中whowhom 只用于指人,which和as 只用于指事物,whose和 that既可于指人也可用于指物,它们在定语从句可用作主语、宾语、表语或定语;关系副词主要有when,where 和why,其中when表示时间,whenwhere表地点,why表原因,它们在定语从句中均用作状语:The dog which [that] was lost has been found.丢失的狗找到了.(which / that指物,在从句中用作主语)I have forgotten everything that I learnt at school.我把学校学的所有东西都给忘了.(that指物,在从句中句作宾语(that)The man who lives in that house is my uncle.住在那座房子里的人是我叔叔.(who指人,在从句中作主语)It was an island whose name I have forgotten.这是一座岛,名字我忘了.There are some students whose questions I can’t answer.有些学生提出的问题我回答不了.(whose指人,在从句中作定语)
二、关系词的选择选择关系词可考虑以下四点:(1) 一看先行词的意义,即分清先行词是指人、指物、时间、地点还是原因(如指物时不能用who或whowhom,指人时通常不用which等).(2) 二看关系词的句法功能,即分清关系词是担任什么句子成分,是作主语还是宾语、是作定语还是状语等(如作定语通常用whose,有时也用which;作状语要用when,where,why);作状语要.(3) 三看定语从句的种类,即分清是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句(如that和why通常不引导非限制性定语从句).(4) 四看文体,即分清是正式文体还是非正式文体,是书面语体还是口语体.(4)
三、两组关系词的用法区别1.that 与 which的用法区别两者都可指物,有时可互换.其区别主要在于:(1) 引导非限制性定语从句时,通常只用which:He drove too fast,which was dangerous.他开车很快,这是很危险的.(2) 直接放在介词后作宾语时,通常只用which:whichThe tool with which he is working is called a hammer.他干活用的那个工具叫做锤子.(3) 当先行词是much,little,none,all,few,every(thing),any(thing),no(thing) 等不定代词或受其修饰时,通常用that:All [Everything] that can be done must be done.凡能做的事都必须做.(4) 当先行词受the very,the only,the same 等修饰时,通常用that:This is the only example that I know.我知道的例子只有这一个.Those are the very words that he used.那是他的原话.(5) 当先行词有形容词最高级或序数词(包括last,next等)等修饰时,通常用that:This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.这是我用过的最好的词典.The first thing that you should do is to work out a plan.你应该做的第一件事是订个计划.(6) 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时,通常用that:China is not the country (that) it was.中国已不是过去的样子了.(7) 当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时,通常用(7) that:
They talked about the persons and things that most impressed them.他们谈论了使他们印象最深的人和事.
(8) 当要避免重复时:Which is the course that we are to take?我们选哪门课程?2.that与who的用法区别(1) 两者均可指人,有时可互换:All that [who] heard him were delighted.所有听了他讲话的人都很高兴.Have you met anybody that [who] has been to Paris?你遇见过到过巴黎的人吗?He is the only one among us that [who] knows Russian.他是我们中间惟一懂俄语的人.(2) 但是在下列情况,通常要用 that:①当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时:I made a speech on the men and things that I had seen abroad.我就我在国外所见到的人和事作了报告.②当先行词是who时(为避免重复):Who that has sympathy can laugh on that occasion?有同情心的人谁会在那个时候发笑呢?③当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时(可省略):Tom is not the boy (that) he was.汤姆这孩子已不是以前那个样子了
定语从句中关系词的作用
1、定语从句:定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句,其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分,相当于形容词,所以又称为形容词性从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2、关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等;关系副词有where, when, why等。关系词常有3个作用:1,引导定语从句。2,代替先行词。3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
注:关系代词有主语.宾语之分。一般whom作为宾语。
3、定语:定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。主要由形容词担任。此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任.单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句的关系代词用法表
1、关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的'人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1)who, whom, that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中所起作用如下:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2) Whose 用来指人或物,(只用作定语, 若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
They rushed over to help the man whose car had broken down. 那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green. 请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作主语、宾语等,例如:
A prosperity which / that had never been seen before appears in the countryside. 农村出现了前所未有的繁荣。(which / that在句中作主语)
The package which / that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。(which / that 在句中作宾语)
2、关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
1)when, where, why
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地。
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer? 这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2)that代替关系副词
that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when, where, why和"介词+ which"引导的定语从句,在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略),例如:
His father died the year (that / when / in which) he was born. 他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
He is unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty years ago. 他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
判断关系代词与关系副词
方法一: 用关系代词,还是关系副词完全取决于从句中的谓语动词。及物动词后面无宾语,就必须要求用关系代词。例如:
(错) This is the mountain village where I visited last year.
(错) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.
(对) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year.
(对) I'll never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.
习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两题错在关系词的误用上。
方法二:准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分(主、谓、宾、定、状),也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词.先行词在从句中作主、定、宾语时,应选择关系代词;先行词在从句中作状语时,应选 择关系副词。
例如:(对)Is this the museum which you visited a few days ago?
(对)Is this the museum where the exhibition was held?
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