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大学英语四级翻译常见语法考点汇总
大学英语四级翻译常见语法考点
四级翻译部分为汉译英，共5个句子，一句一题，句长为15-30词，句中的一部分已用英文给出，考生需根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语，考试时间5分钟。下面是我整理的大学英语四级翻译常见语法考点，欢迎大家阅读！
一、题型介绍
大学英语四级考试的最后一个阶段是翻译。翻译部分为 汉译英，共5个句子，一句一题，句长为15—30词。句中的一部分已用英文给出，要求考生根据全句意思将汉语部分译成英语，约3到8个单词。考试时间5分钟。翻译须符合英语的语法结构和表达习惯，要求用词准确。 该部分主要考核学生运用正确的词汇和语法结构并按英 语习惯表达思想的能力。因此，要求学生在平时学习和 四级复习中熟练掌握四级大纲规定的词汇、词组和语法 知识，熟悉各种句子结构，并且能够活学活用。
二、评分原则及标准
1. 整体内容和语言均正确，得1分。
2. 结构正确，但整 体意思不确切、信息不全或用词不当，得0.5分。
3. 整体意思正确但语言有错误，得0.5分。
4. 整体意思完全 错误，即使结构正确也不得分。
5. 大小写错误及标点符 号忽略不计。
常见语法考点真题解析
1、从句的翻译
(1)主语从句 例. ___________(很多人没有意识到的) is providing the best education possible for their children.(2009.6) 答案：What many people don’t realize
What的用法 1. what = just as，意为“恰像，犹如，好比”用作连词，引导比较状语从句。 ⑴ 惯用句式是：A is to B what C is to D. 意为“A对B而言正如C对D一样”。 E.g. Air is to us what water is to fish. (介词to 表示两者的关系) ⑵ 也有“A is for B what C is for D.”句式。E.g. Poultry is for the cook what canvas is for the paint. 厨师离不了家禽正如画家离不开画布一样。(介词for表示“供…使 用”) ⑶ what 引导的从句也可以放在句首，其句式是：What C to D，that A is to B.(= A is to B what C is to D.) 在这一结构中，喻体在前，主体在后，相当于“just as…， as… so…”结构，意思也是“A对B而言正如C对D一样”例如： What blood vessel is to a man's body，that railway is to transportation.(=Just as blood vessel is to a man's body ，so Railway is to transportation.)铁路对于运输，好比血管对于人体一样。
2. what 与do with连用，意为“(怎样)处理﹑安排或对付等”。what常有较灵活的翻译，常用结构是：“what …do with sth./sb.?”或“what to do with sth./sb.” 例如：① What will you do with the letter?② The kids do not know what to do with themselves on rainy days.
3. What从句可用作宾语补足语或状语。例如：① We will make the factory twice what it is today.(句中的twice what it is today是动词make的宾语the factory的补足语)Gravity is what makes you weigh what you weigh.地心吸引力使人称得现有的重量(句中的第一个what到句末为表语从句;句末的what you weigh 是 说明前面的动词weigh，系回答how much 的问题， 作状语)
4.与what连用的常用句型和词组⑴ What if…?如果(假如)…将会怎么样?例如： What if it is true?如果这是真的又怎么样? What if a storm should come up?万一发生暴风雨怎么办?(2)come what will(may)是固定搭配必须倒装，意为“不管发生什么事” Come what will (may)，I will always stand by you.
2)宾语从句 Many Americans live on credit, and their quality of life _______(是用他们能够借到多少来衡量的) not how much they can earn.(2007.12) 答案： is measured by how much they can loan
3)表语从句 In my sixties, one change I notice is that__________ (我比以前更容易累了). (2007.12) 答案：I am more likely to get tired than before
4)定语从句 1).______________(与我成长的地方相比), this town is more prosperous and exciting.(2008.6)答案： Compared with the place where I grew up
2)The prevention and treatment of AIDS is_____________ (我们可以合作的领域). (2007.6)答案：the field where(in which)we can cooperate
5)状语从句 1) Leaving one’s job, ______________(不管是什么工作), is a difficult change, even for those who look forward to retiring.(2008.6) 答案：whatever it is(让步状语从句) 2)I am going to pursue this course, (无论我要作出什么样的牺牲).(2007.12) 答案：no matter what kind of sacrifice I have to make(让步状语从句) 2.虚拟语气
历年真题中涉及到虚拟语气的考点可以归纳如下：
(1)(should)+动词原形的情形; (2)if或but for等引导的条件句; (3)wish, if only, would rather, It is(high)time that…的`用法。
【真题】You would not have failed if______________(按照我的指令去做).(2009.12) 考点有两个：首先最重要的考点是if从句的虚拟语气考查;根据语法规定，如果主句中出现would +have的 形式，从句中应该采用had+过去分词的结构;第二 是固定搭配“按照…的指令”表达为follow my instructions 或者是follow my orders 注意多样化的表达，两者选其一就可以;注意很多学生出现遗漏主语you，造成不必要的失分。【答案】you had followed my instructions 或者you had followed my orders
3.倒装结构 倒装分完全倒装与部分倒装两种类型，重点是部分倒装，即只有系动词、助动词和情态动词参与的倒装。常见的倒装结构可以分为四大类：
(1)否定倒装。指否定副词或否定的副词性结构hardly, seldom, scarcely, never, little, nowhere, not once, under no circumstances, in no way, no sooner…than， sooner…than，not only…but also用于句首时所导致的倒装。 Seldom did I go to theater, but now it is different. 以前我很少去剧院，但是现在不同了。
(2)虚拟倒装。指在if引导的虚拟条件句中，将if 省略，把should, had, were提至主语前，形成倒装。 Were I you, I’ll never promise to do that.如果我是你，绝对不会答应那么做的。
(3)强调倒装。为突出强调某一成分而将它提至句首时，实行倒装，如： A. so 倒装句 So diligently does he work that he often forgets to eat and sleep. 他工作如此勤奋以至于经常废寝忘食。
B.以某些表示肯定的副词开头作状语：only, often, then Then did I throw myself into the chair, exhausted. 然后我一屁股坐在椅子上，累死了。 Only by working hard can we achieve what we want. 我们只有通过努力工作才能获得想要的东西。
(4)在“so+形容词…that分句”结构中，如将“so+形容词”置于句首以示强调时，其后的系动词be则要移到主语前面，形成主谓的完全倒装。So moved was she that she could not say a word. 她感动得说不出话来。
练习题
1. The professor required that_____________________ (我们交研究报告)by Wednesday.
2. George called his boss from the airport but it _____________________ (接电话的却是他的助手).
3. The mananger never laughed, neither_______________(她也从来没有发过脾气)。
4. The significant museum________________(据说建成于)about a hundred years ago
5. 5.If she had return an hour earlier, Mary_______________(就不会被大雨淋了)。
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英语四级翻译万能句子
英语四级翻译必背句子有：
1、My little daughter Marry, began to adapt herself to campus life after entering college for three months.(进入大学三个月后开始慢慢适应校园生活）。
2、With repeated hacker’s attack on your system, we came to realized the necessity of hiring a computer security expert.(我们正逐渐意识到请一位计算机安全专家的必要性）。
3、Although I liked the appearance of the house, what really made me decide to buy it (但真正让我觉得买下它的）。
4、The father thought he could talked his daughter into changing her mind(他可以说服女儿改变主意）。
5、Henry has prepared a party for his girlfriend, only to be told that she could not come by then.(结果却被告知他到时候不能来）。
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