本文目录
虚拟语气三种基本结构表格
1、与过去事实相反：从句的谓语动词用had done，主句谓语动词用would、could、might、should have done；
2、与现在事实相反：从句的谓语动词用过去式，主句谓语动词形式用would、could、might、should do；
3、与将来事实相反：从句的谓语动词用过去式，should do、were to do，主句谓语动词形式用would、could、might、should do。
虚拟语气用法：
1、虚拟语气在条件从句的用法
条件句有两类，一类是真实条件句；一类是非真实条件句，也就是虚拟条件句。
如果假设的情况是有可能发生的，就是真实条件句，谓语要用陈述语气，如 If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will go to the park.
如果假设的情况是过去或现在都不存在的，或将来不大可能发生的，则是虚拟条件句，如 If he had seen you yesterday, he would have asked you about it. 在含有虚拟条件句的复合句中，主句和从句的谓语都要用虚拟语气。
2、错综时间条件句
有时条件从句的动作和主句动作发生的时间不一致，这时需要根据意思采用表示不同时间的动词形式来进行调整。
If she had taken the doctor’s advice, she might still be alive.
If I were you, I would have accepted their terms.
3、含蓄条件句
有时候假设的情况并不用条件从句表示出来，而是通过介词短语来表示。
如 Without air(If there were no air), there would be no living things.
But for your help (If it hadn’t been for your help), I couldn’t have done it.
4、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的应用
“wish+宾语从句”表示不可能实现的愿望，汉语可译为“可惜……、悔不该……、但愿……”。表示现在不能实现的愿望，从句的谓语动词用过去式；表示将来不可能实现的愿望用“would/could+动词原形”；表示过去不可能实现的愿望时用“had+过去分词”。
如：I wish I were better-looking； I wish I had met the film star just now.；I wish I would be a solider.
含蓄的虚拟条件句
所谓含蓄虚拟条件句即指将条件从句隐藏在上下文一定的短语中的一类条件句,其主要用法及表现形式可归纳如下：
1.将条件隐含在不定式短语中
I would write to her,but I don’t know her address.我会给她写信的,就是不知道她的地址.(=If I knew her address,I would write to her.But…)
To have studied harder,you would have passed the examination.你学习更用功些,你早就考及格了.(=If you had studied harder,you…)
2.将条件隐含在分词短语中
Born in better times,he would have been a scholar.如果出生在好时代,他早就成为学者了.(=If he had been born in better times,he would…
Walking alone in the dark,Mary would be terrified.要一个人单独在黑暗中行走,玛丽会感到十分害怕.(If Mary walked alone in the dark,she…)
3.将条件隐含在介词短语中
But for your help we couldn’t have succeeded in the experiment.如果没有你的帮助,我们的实验是不会成功的.(=If it hadn’t been for your help,we…)
In different circumstances,I would have said yes.在不同的情况下,我就会同意了.(=If circumstances had been different,I would…)
4.将条件隐含在名词短语中
Any person who had behaved in that way would have been dismissed.任何人这样做了都会被开除.(=If any person should behave in that way…,he would…)
A few hours earlier,and you would have seen the famous writer.要是你早来几个小时,你就见到这位著名的作家了.(If you had come a few hours earlier,you…)
5.将条件隐含在某些连词中
I didn’t know that he was a cheat,or else I wouldn’t have believed him.我不知道他是个骗子,不然我也不会相信他了.(or else=if I had known he was a cheat))
I’m really very busy,otherwise I would certainly go there with you.我真的是太忙了,不然我就会同你一道去了.(otherwise=if I were not so busy)
6.将条件隐含在定语从句中
Anyone who had seen that painting might have taken it for a photo.凡是看过那画的人,都可能把它看成是照片.(=If anyone had seen that painting…)
7.将条件隐含在一定的上下文中
You might stay here forever.你可以永远待在这儿.(=If you wanted to,you might…)
虚拟语气含蓄条件句标志词
1：But for his help,we would be working now.
要不是他的帮助，我们还会在工作呢。还在工作就应该表示正在工作，所以用be+动名词
2：Without your instruction,I would not have made such great progress.
要是没有你的指导，我不会取得如此大的进步。
3：We didn't know his telephone number,otherwise we would have telephoned him.
我们不知道他的电话号码，否则我们就会给他打电话。
第二第三句都是事实上这个是和过去的真实情况相反的，所以我们用虚拟语气，同时它又是表示过去的时间的所以我们用would have done的形式
if 条件从句 虚拟语气 与将来相反
一、对现在情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用一般过去式，主句用“would/should/might/could+动词原形”形式，表示对现在不可能实现情况的假想。
If I were you,I would choose to work in a small town.
如果我是你，我会选择在小城镇工作。（事实上我不是你）
If I had a map now,we could easily get out of the forest.
如果现在有地图，我们能很容易地走出森林。（事实上是现在没有地图）
注意：在条件从句中，如果谓语动词是be的形式，不管主语是单数还是复数，书面语中用were,而口语中如果是单数，也可以用was,不过在if I were...中一般用were.
If the world were perfect,how could we enjoy the pleasure and comfort of being successful?
世界若完美，我们如何能尝到创造成功的快慰？
二、对过去情况的虚拟
条件从句中谓语动词用过去完成式，主语用“would/could/should/might+have+动词的过去分词”形式。
If it had not been for your help yesterday,I could not have caught the bus.
如果昨天没有你的帮助，我不会赶上公交车。（事实是你昨天已经帮助了我，所以我赶上了车)
三、对将来情况的虚拟
在表示与将来事实相反的条件从句中，谓语动词可用should do,were to do或动词的过去式三种形式表示，但意义略有不同。should表示的可能性最大，动词过去式的可能性次之，were to do 的可能性最小。
If things were to be twice，all would be wise.
假如凡事都可以重新做一次，人人皆可成为聪明人。（事实是并不是所有的事都可以重新做一次)。
扩展资料
虚拟条件句往往指不能实现或纯假想的情况，可以对过去、现在或将来进行假想。
虚拟语气的本质就是对根本不可能的情况发生假设。我们可以记住这样一个原则，即把时态向过去推一格。
其他虚拟条件句
一、错综时间条件句
有些条件句的主句谓语和从句谓语表示的动作在时间上并不一致，这类句子称为错综时间条件句。
If you had taken my advice then,you would not be in trouble now.
如果当时听我的劝，你现在就不会有麻烦了。(if 条件句是对过去的虚拟，故用过去完成时，而主句是对现在的虚拟，故用“would+动词原形”形式）
二、含蓄条件句
有些句子虽不含条件从句，但意思和条件句相差不多，这种句子称为“含蓄条件句”，这种句子有时候会用虚拟语气。
Without electricity,the world would be dark.(=If there were no electricity ,the world would be dark.)
如果没有电，世界将会一片黑暗。
参考资料：百度百科虚拟条件句
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