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宾语从句的用法总结初中
1、宾语从句的常用用法归纳的介绍
宾语从句的常用用法包括使用that引导的陈述句,例如We knew (that) we should learn from each other,使用if和whether引导一般疑问句,例如Please tell me if。直接引语变成宾语从句是直接引用别人说过的话,间接引语是转达别人说过的话。
2、 宾语从句用法归纳
1.宾语从句概说宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if) 以及连接代词或连接副词引导。宾语从句的词序要用陈述句词序,不能用疑问句词序:
我不知道他想要什么。
误: I don't know what does he want.
正: I don't know what he wants.
2. 宾语从句的引导词(1) 用 that 引导。 that 只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略:
We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
(2) 用 if 或 whether 引导。 if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示 “ 是否 ” :
I don't know if [whether] he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
(3) 用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有 what, who, whom, which, whose 等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序:
Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。
She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。
Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包
【注】 what 引导宾语从句时,有时表示 “ 什么 ” ,有时表示 “… 所 … 的 ” 。比较:
I asked what he needed. 你问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
(4) 用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有 when, how, where, why 等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序:
He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?
I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。
He didn't say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。
3. 宾语从句与形式宾语 it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语 it ,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
4. 宾语从句与否定转移当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:
I don't think that he will leave. 我认为他不会离开。
I don't believe that it is easy. 我相信这不会容易。
引用地址:
;宾语从句用法
宾语从句就是一个句子的宾语部分由另外一个句子来充当,当使用宾语从句时必须要有引导词来引导,可以说引导词是宾语从句的关键。那么宾语从句有哪些用法呢?我们就一起来看看。
当宾语从句为陈述句时,引导词就用that,在句子中起连接作用,无实意。如:He said that he was a student.
当宾语从句表示一般疑问语气,有是否,能否的意思时。从句连词用whether或者if做引导词,通常情况下可以互换。
如:I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow.
表示特殊疑问语句用特殊疑问词引导。包括疑问代词和疑问副词。
疑问代词有:I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow等
如:I don't know what they want.
疑问副词有:I don't know whether/if I should go to the party tomorrow等
如:I told him where he should go.
宾语从句可做动词宾语,介词宾语,及某些形容词甚至是副词的宾语。
如:He said that he was a student.(that从句是said的宾语)
宾语从句的用法总结
宾语从句英语语法
宾语从句(一)
在复合句中用作宾语的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句是初中英语中最重要的一种从句,它内容完整,句型结构较为复杂,主句和从句时态搭配要求严格,在中考试题中频频出现。而且学好宾语从句也可为到高中学习间接引语、主语从句、表语从句及同位语从句打下良好的基础。
宾语从句常由that引导,在口语中常省略。当主句中谓语动词是现在或将来时态时,从句中谓语动词不受主句中谓语动词时态的影响,按需要可以使用任何时态。如:
She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. 她说她从周一至周五上班。(从句是一般现在时)
She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. 她说她要在他桌子上留个便条。(从句是一般将来时)
She says (that) she has never been to Mount Emei. 她说她从来没有去过峨眉山。(从句是现在完成时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,从句中的时态一般用表示过去的某种时态。如:
He said there were no classes yesterday afternoon. 他说昨天下午没有课。(从句是一般过去时)
He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby. 他说他会去照看这个婴儿。(从句是过去将来时)
He said (that) they were having a meeting at that time. 他说他们那时正在开会。(从句是过去进行时)
当主句谓语是过去时态,而宾语从句叙述某一客观真理(事实)时,宾语从句的时态则用一般现在时。如:
The teacher told us(that) nothing is difficult if you put your heart into it.
老师告诉我们世上无难事只怕有心人。
She said (that) her father is twenty-eight years older than her.她说她父亲比她大二十八岁He said that light travels much faster than sound. 他说光传播比声音传播快得多。
宾语从句(二)
由连接代词或连接副词引导的宾语从句。
引出名词性从句的连词whether和if,在引出宾语从句时,用法和意义相同。但是只能引出宾语从句和不在句首的主语从句,而whether除了引出宾语从句外,还可引出主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
例如:We don't know whether (if) it is right. 我们不知道它是否正确。
he question is whether she should do that. 问题在于她是否应该做那件事。
Whether it is true remains a question. 是真是假还是个问题。
试比较:
当if从句处在主句之后作“是否”讲时,引出的是宾语从句。例如:
I don't know if it is true. 我不知道这事是否真实。
当if从句在主句之前作“如果”讲,则引出状语从句。例如:
I shall go there if I have time. 如果我有时间,我将到那儿去。
初中英语宾语从句小结
一、当由陈述句充当宾语从句时,用that引导,that无词义,在口语或非正式文体中常省略。如:
She said that she would leave the message on the headmaster's desk.她说她会把留言条放在校长桌子上。
He said that he could finish his work before supper.他说他会在晚饭前完成工作
二、当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时,用if或whether引导,意为“是否”。如:
Alice wanted to know if/whether her grandmother liked the bag.爱丽斯想知道她祖母是否喜欢这个包。 I don't know whether he'll come the day after tomorrow.我不知道他后天是否会来
但直接与or not连用时,往往用whether(if…or not也可以使用)。如:
Let me know whether / if he will come or not.(= Let me know whether or not he will come )让我知道他是否能来。
I don't know whether / if he does any washing or not.(= I don't know whether or not he does any washing. )我不知道他在家洗不洗衣服。
I wonder whether we stay or whether we go.我想知道我们是去还是留。
三、如果宾语从句原来是特殊疑问句,只需用原来的疑问词引导。如:
Could you tell me where we will have the meeting this afternoon?你能告诉我我们今天下午将在哪儿开会吗?
I don't know who bought the present for me. Is it Jack?我不知道谁给我买了礼物。是杰克吗?
下面的表格可以帮助大家理解这一部分内容
句式
连词
语序
陈述句
that
不变
一般疑问句
If/whether
改为陈述语序
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词
改为陈述语序
宾语从句的时态问题
主句
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
从句
保留原来时态
改为过去的某个时态
客观事实和自然现象除外
所谓过去的某个时态指的是如下的变化
一般现在时态
一般过去时态
现在进行时态
过去进行时态(was/were doing)
现在完成时态
过去完成时态(had +过去分词)
一般将来时态
过去将来时态(would do;was/were going to do)
宾语从句使用--四注意
我们在学习和运用宾语从句时,应该注意以下四点:
一、引导词的使用
1. 当宾语从句由陈述句变化而来时,用that来引导从句,that常无具体意义,一般可省略。例如:
Lin Tao thought(that)the TV play was very boring.
2. 当宾语从句是由一般疑问句变化而来时,要用if或whether来引导从句。例如:
David asked his mother if/ whether she liked the dinner last night.
3. 当宾语从句是由特殊疑问句变化而来时,原句中的疑问词充当连接代词(如who, whose, what, which)或连接副词(如when, where, why, how),引导宾语从句。例如:
Do you know what we can do on the island?
I don’t know why Jane was late for school this morning.
二、语序的陈述化
宾语从句一般要用陈述句语序。例如:
When did he leave? I want to know. →I want to know when he left.
Does the shop close at six every day? Do you know? →Do you know if/ whether the shop closes at six every day?
三、时态的呼应
1. 如果主句是一般现在时、一般将来时或祈使句时,宾语从句可根据情况使用各种时态。例如:
I hear she is here today(she was here yesterday/ she will be here tomorrow.)
2. 如果主句是一般过去时,宾语从句应使用过去时态的某种形式。例如:
He said he was watching TV(he had swept the floor/ he would play football after school)。
3. 如宾语从句所叙述的是客观事实、自然现象或科学真理等,从句不受主句时态限制,仍用一般现在时。例如: Our teacher told us that light travels faster than sound.
四、否定转移
当主句的谓语动词为think, believe, suppose等动词,且主语为第一人称时,从句的否定要转移到主句上。例如:
I don’t believe he is here on time, is he?
I don’t think Tom is the best student in his class, is he?
宾语从句要点盘点
一、宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。如:�
Do you know why winter is colder than summer?你知道为什么冬季比夏季冷吗?�
二、宾语从句与主句的时态要相互呼应。�
主句是现在或将来时态时,从句可用任何所需要的时态。主句是过去时态时,从句要用表示过去的相应的时态。但如果从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语,则从句应用一般过去时,不用过去完成时;如从句表达的是客观规律或真理时,用一般现在时。如:�
He said he had finished his studies when the war broke out.他说战争爆发时,他已经完成了学业。
He said he would spend his holiday in Dalian.他说他将在大连度假。�
She said that the earth moves around the sun.她说地球围绕太阳转。�
三、如宾语从句有自己的宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,而把宾语从句后置。其句型为:“主语+谓语+it+补足语+宾语从句”。如:
We think it important that we should master at least one foreign language.
我们认为掌握至少一门外语是重要的。�
注意:
(1)连词that引导的名词性从句很少作介词的宾语,只用在except,but和in等少数几个介词后。其它一些介词的宾语从句如由连词that引导,则需用it先行一步,作形式宾语。如:
He is a good student except that he is careless.他是个好学生,只不过有点粗心。�
See to it that children don’t catch cold.当心孩子别感冒了。�
(2)that引导表语从句时,在句中无词义,只起连接作用,但不可省去。His idea is that we should go there at once.他主张我们立即去那儿。�
四、连词whether可引导主语从句、宾语从句和表语从句,不可省。if引导宾语从句。
(1)宾语从句是肯定句时,whether,if可互换;但whether常和or not连用,宾语从句是否定句时,一般用if引导。如:�
I don’t know if/whether I should tell you.不知我是否应告诉你。�
I wonder whether it is true or not.不知这是不是真的。�
I don’t care if it doesn’t rain.天下不下雨我不会在乎。�
(2)作介词宾语时,只能用whether,不能用if。如:�
Everything depends on whether we have enough experience.一切都取决于我们是否有足够的经验。
五、that引导宾语从句时不可省的几种情况:�
1.that宾语从句的状语部分位于从句前部时。�
I promised that if anyone could set me free,I would make him king over the earth.
我曾许诺如果有人把我放了,我就让他成为全世界的国王。�
2.当主句的状语部分位于that宾语从句前时。�
Abraham Lincoln later said himself that he only went to school a little now and a little then.
亚伯拉罕•林肯自己后来说他只不过是时断时续地接受教育。�
3.主句的谓语动词与宾语从句之间有插入语时。�
When he got to England,he found,however,that his English was too limited.
然而当他到英国时,他发现他的英语很有限。�
4.当一个谓语动词带两个或两个以上的that引导的宾语从句时。
Then he said that French was the most beautiful tongue in the world,and that we must keep it among us and never forget it.
他说,法语是世界上最美的语言,我们必须坚持说法语,永远也不要忘记它。�
5.宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时。�
I must never tell anyone that I could not see the cloth.
我决不能告诉任何人我看不到那布。�
6.宾语从句的主语是this/that,或用this/that修饰主语时。�
He said that that was a good idea.他说那是个好主意。�
7.在直接引语中,主句和宾语从句被隔开时。�
“I’m sorry to tell you,”he said,“that you didn’t watch carefully enough what I did.”
我很遗憾的告诉大家,你们没有仔细观察我所做的一切。�
8.宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时。�
The old lady then explained that what she was looking for was a pair of gloves for a girl.
那位老太太解释说她在为一个女孩找一双手套。
宾语从句的用法归纳总结
宾语从句,是名词性从句的一种。在主从复合句中充当宾语,位于及物动词、介词或复合谓语之后的从句称为宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。
语法是语言的组织规律,任何人在使用语言时,不管他是否学过语法,都须合乎语法。
另外,总结语法本身的规律也能加深我们对语言的理解,让我们能够真正熟练地运用语言。(宾语:指一个动作(动词)的接受者,常置于动词之后,也有双宾语结构例句:he gave me a book,类似拥有me和book两个宾语的句子叫双宾语从句),在复合句中,由一个句子充当宾语,这个句子就叫做宾语从句。
置于动词、介词等词性后面起宾语作用的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序。谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句。有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序即:连接代词/副词+主语+谓语+其他成分。即:连接代词/副词+陈述句语序。
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