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宾语从句的用法总结初中
1、宾语从句的常用用法归纳的介绍
宾语从句的常用用法包括使用that引导的陈述句,例如We knew (that) we should learn from each other,使用if和whether引导一般疑问句,例如Please tell me if。直接引语变成宾语从句是直接引用别人说过的话,间接引语是转达别人说过的话。
2、 宾语从句用法归纳
1.宾语从句概说宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由连词 that 和 whether (if) 以及连接代词或连接副词引导。宾语从句的词序要用陈述句词序,不能用疑问句词序:
我不知道他想要什么。
误: I don't know what does he want.
正: I don't know what he wants.
2. 宾语从句的引导词(1) 用 that 引导。 that 只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略:
We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
(2) 用 if 或 whether 引导。 if 和 whether 引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示 “ 是否 ” :
I don't know if [whether] he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
(3) 用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有 what, who, whom, which, whose 等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序:
Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。
She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。
Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包
【注】 what 引导宾语从句时,有时表示 “ 什么 ” ,有时表示 “… 所 … 的 ” 。比较:
I asked what he needed. 你问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
(4) 用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有 when, how, where, why 等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序:
He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?
I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。
He didn't say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。
3. 宾语从句与形式宾语 it当宾语从句后跟有宾语补足语时,通常在宾语从句处使用形式宾语 it ,而将真正的宾语从句移至句末:
I think it best that you should stay here. 我认为你最好住这儿。
He hasn't made it known when he is going to get married. 他还没宣布他何时结婚。
4. 宾语从句与否定转移当动词 think, believe, suppose, expect, imagine 后接一个表示否定意义的宾语从句时,其否定通常转移到主语:
I don't think that he will leave. 我认为他不会离开。
I don't believe that it is easy. 我相信这不会容易。
引用地址:
;宾语从句的用法
用一个句子做另一个句子的宾语,将这个句子叫做宾语从句。宾语从句做介词或及物动词的宾语。现在从下列三个方面总结归纳如下:
一,引导词
A,由that
引导的陈述句性的宾语从句,在很多动词如say,
think,
wish
,
hope,
see,
believe,
agree,
expect,
hear
,
feel等动词后。连词that只起连接作用,在从句中不做句子的成分,也无词汇意义,在口语中常被省略,但在大多数情况下还是以不省为好,特别是在笔语中。
例:I
told
him
that
he
was
wrong.
l在think,believe,
suppose,
expect等动词引起的宾语从句中,有时谓语尽管是否定意义,却不用否定形式,而将think
等动词变为否定形式。
例:I
don’t
think
you
are
right.
(我认为你做的不对)
l在许多带有复合宾语的句子中,that引导的宾语从句经常移到句子的后面,而用it做形式宾语。
例:We
think
it
wrong
that
he
told
a
lie
to
everyone
(我认为他向每一个人撒谎是错误的)
B,由连词if、
whether
引导的表示“是否…”的宾语从句。Whether,if
在从句中不做句子的成分,一般情况下,whether和if
可以替换。
例:I
don’t
know
if/whether
he
will
come
tomorrow.
The
teacher
asked
if/whether
we
had
finished
the
experiment
.
l在介词后面的宾语从句中不用if引导
例:Everything
depends
on
whether
we
have
enough
money。
l宾语从句中有or
not时不用if引导.
例:I
don’t
know
whether
the
movie
star
will
come
or
not.
l和不定式连用作宾语时不用if引导.
例:Whether
to
go
there
or
not
hasn’t
been
decided.
C,由wh-引导的宾语从句。连接代词who,whom,whose,
what,
which,和连接副词when,
where,
why,
how
等连接的宾语从句,它们在句中即有连接从句的作用,又在句中充当句子的成分。
例:Do
you
know
which
film
they
are
talking
about?
(which做定语)
I
don’t
know
where
he
lives.
(where
做地点状语)
二,宾语从句的语序,
宾语从句从句的语序必须是陈述语序,既连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分
例:I
believe
that
they
will
come
soon.
He
asked
me
whether
I
was
a
teacher.
They
wanted
to
know
what
they
can
do
for
us.
二,宾语从句的时态。
宾语从句的时态受主句的限制,
既:主句是一般现在时态,从句根据实际情况而定。
主句是一般过去时态,从句用相应的过去的时态。如果从句的动作发生在主句之前,则从句要用过去完成时态。
例:
1)She
says
that
she
is
a
student.
She
said
that
she
was
a
student.
2)She
says
that
she
will
fly
to
Japan
in
a
week.
She
said
that
she
would
fly
to
Japan
in
a
week.
3)She
says
that
she
has
finished
her
homework
already.
She
said
that
she
had
finished
her
homework
already.
4)She
says
that
she
can
sing
a
song
in
English.
She
said
that
she
could
sing
a
song
in
English.
l如果宾语从句说的是客观真理、自然现象或事实时,这时宾语从句要用一般现在时态。
例:The
teacher
said
that
the
earth
goes
round
the
sun.
He
told
me
that
Japan
is
an
island
country.
lCould
you
tell
me…是用来征询对方的意见,语气委婉,并不表示过去。
例:Could
you
tell
me
when
we
will
visit
the
Histury
Museum?
注意事项:
u由陈述句变成宾语从句时,要注意人称的变化。
例:She
said:
“I
have
been
to
England
before.”
She
said
that
she
had
been
to
England
before.
She
asked
me:
“Do
you
like
maths?”
She
asked
me
if
I
liked
maths.
u宾语从句与简单句的交换。
由连接代词和连接副词引导的宾语从句,如果宾语从句的主语和主句的主语是同一个人时,可以用“疑问词+不定式
”做宾语的简单句结构。
例:I
don’t
know
what
I
should
do
next.
I
con’t
know
what
to
do
next.
He
didn’t
know
where
he
would
live.
He
didn’t
know
where
to
live.
定语从句的用法归纳总结
一、宾语从句:置于动词、介词等词性后面,在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句。宾语从句过"三关":时态,语序,连词。
宾语从句的语序必须是陈述语序,谓语动词、介词、动词不定式,v.-ing形式后面都能带宾语从句,有些形容词(afraid,sure,glad等)之后也可以带宾语从句。
二、宾语从句中引导词的用法
在复合句中作主句的宾语,引导词有:
连词:that (that 常可省略),whether, if
代词:who,whose,what,which
副词:when,where,how,why 等。
that引导的宾语从句(在非正式场合that可以省略)
扩展资料:
宾语从句可以作及物动词、介词及形容词的宾语。
宾语从句的语序一律用陈述句语序。
连接词that引导宾语从句在句中无词义,不充当句子成分,口语中一般可以省略。
whether 和 if 都可引导宾语从句,但 whether后可紧跟or not;whether从句可作介词的宾语。当if/whether引导宾语从句时,在从句中不做任何成分,但有具体的含义,意为“是否”。if/whether不能省略。
参考资料来源:百度百科-宾语从句
定语从句的用法归纳总结
宾语从句即指在主从复合句中用作宾语的从句。宾语从句通常由连词that和whether (if)以及连接代词或连接副词引导。宾语从句的词序要用陈述句词序,不能用疑问句词序。
宾语从句的引导词
(1) 用that引导。that只起引导词作用,不充当句子成分,也没有词义,且通常可以省略:
We think (that) he will help us. 我们认为他会帮助我们。
He said (that) he was good at English. 他说他擅长英语。
I know (that) he is very busy. 我知道他很忙。
(2) 用if或whether引导。if和whether引导宾语从句,不充当句子成分,但有词义,表示“是否”:
I don't know if [whether] he will come. 我不知道他是否会来。
She asked if [whether] that was enough. 她问那是否够了。
I wonder whether [if] it is true. 我不知道是不是真的。
(3) 用连接代词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接代词有what, who, whom, which, whose等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序:
Ask him which he wants. 问他要哪一个。
She asked who would like to go. 她问谁愿意去。
Tell me whose wallet this is. 告诉我这是谁的钱包
【注】what引导宾语从句时,有时表示“什么”,有时表示“…所…的”。比较:
I asked what he needed. 你问他需要什么。
I gave him what he needed. 我给了他所需要的东西。
(4) 用连接副词引导。常见的引导宾语从句的连接副词有when, how, where, why等。此时要特别注意宾语从句用陈述句词序,而不用疑问句词序:
He knows where they live. 他知道他们住哪里。
Tell us how you are getting on now. 告诉我们你现在过得怎样?
I can't tell you why she is crying. 我不能告诉你她为什么哭。
He didn't say when he would return. 他没有说什么时候回来。
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