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什么叫同位语
一、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句.它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容.如:
I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息.
I had no idea that you were here.我不知道你在这里.
二、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等.如:
I’ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won’t be able to see you this afternoon. 我从王先生那里来,他让我告诉你他今天下午不能来看你了.
三、英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等.(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句.)如:
l have no idea When he will be back.我不知道他什么时候回来.
He must answer the question whether he agrees to if or not.
他必须回答他是否同意这样一个问题.
四、有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开. 如:
Several years later,word came that Napoleon himself was coming to inspect them.
几年以后,有消息传来说拿破仑要亲自视 察他们.
The thought came to him that maybe the enemy had fled the city.
他突然想起可能敌人已经逃出城了.
五、同位语从匈与定语从句的区别.
1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况.如:
The news that l hove passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的.
(同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容.)
The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的.
(定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息.)
2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等.如:
The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people.
计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇.(that在从句中不充当任何成份.)
The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊.
(that在从句中作gave的宾语.)
同位语从句和定语从句的三点区别
同位语从句和定语从句很相似,但还是有区别的,区别主要在以下三方面:
1. 从词类上区别
同位语从句前面的名词只能是idea,fact,news,hope,belief,suggestion,proposal,word,thought,doubt,truth,possibility,promise,order等有一定内涵的名词?而定语从句的先行词可以是名词?代词?主句的一部分或是整个主句?如:
The possibility that the majority of the labour force will work at home is often discussed.人们经常讨论大多数劳动力将会在家里工作的可能性?(同位语从句)
We are not looking into the question whether he is worth trusting. 我们正在调查的问题不是他是否值得信赖的问题?(同位语从句)
Word came that he had been abroad. 据说他已经出国了?(同位语从句)
Our team has won the game, which made us very happy. 我们的队赢了,这让我们很高兴?(定语从句)
The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room. 你找的那位医生在房间里面?(定语从句)
His mother did all she could to help him with his study. 他妈妈尽她的最大努力帮助他的学习?(定语从句,代词all作先行词?)
2. 从性质上区别
定语从句是从句对其先行词的修饰或限制,属于形容词性从句的范畴;而同位语从句是从句对前面抽象名词的进一步的说明和解释,属于名词性从句的范畴?如:
The news that our team has won the game was true. 我们队赢了那场比赛的消息是真的?(同位语从句,补充说明news到底是一个什么消息?)
The news that he told me yesterday was true. 昨天他告诉我的那个消息是真的?(定语从句,news在从句中作told的宾语?)
I made a promise that if anyone set me free I would make him very rich. 我许诺如果谁让我自由,我就让他非常富有?(同位语从句,补充说明promise到底是一个什么诺言?)
The mother made a promise that pleased all her children. 妈妈做出了一个令她的孩子们高兴的许诺?(定语从句,promise在从句中作pleased的主语?)
3. 从引导词及其在句子中的成分上区别
有些引导词如how, whether, what可以引导同位语从句,但不能引导定语从句?如:
That question whether we need it has not been considered. 我们是否需要它这个问题还没有考虑?(同位语从句)
I have no idea what has happened to him. 我不知道他发生了什么事?(同位语从句)
引导词that引导定语从句时,在从句中一般作主语或宾语(指物时还可以用which代替),并且作宾语时常常省略?that在同位语从句中仅起连接作用,不充当任何成分,并且不能省略,也不能用which来代替?如:
The order that we should send a few people to help the other groups was received yesterday. 我们应派几个人去帮别的几个小组的命令昨天收到了?(同位语从句,是对order的具体解释,that虽不作成分,但不能省略?)
The order that we received yesterday was that we should send a few people to help the other groups. 我们昨天收到的命令是我们应该派几个人去帮助别的几个小组?(定语从句,是名词order的修饰语,that在从句中作received的宾语,可以省略?)
最后我们在一起来做三道练习题:
1. Along with the letter was his promise ____ he would visit me this coming Christmas.(2004上海春季高考)
A. which B. that
C. what D. whether
2. The other day, my brother drove his car down the street at ____ I thought was a dangerous speed. (2004上海春季高考)
A. as B. which
C. what D. that
3. Luckily,we'd brought a road map without ____ we would have lost our way. (2004北京春季高考)
A. it B. that
C. this D. which
答案:1. B 2. B 3. D
同位语从句的连接词为连接代词时
1.同位语从句和定从可以共用的连接代词只有that
2.同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,从句是用来说明它前面名词的内容; 而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况
3.关系词在同位语句中不做任何成分,只起连接作用,但不可省略;定语从句中that可以做宾语等
英语中同位语是啥
一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或补充说明,这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致,并常常紧挨在一起。同位语除表示其同位成分的全部意义外,还可以表示部分意义。
扩展资料:
of引导的同位语:
1、限定词the + 名词 + of + 名词。此时,of是同位语的引导词,本身没有意义。of后面的名词是其前名词的同位语。如:
The city of Newcastle lies at the mouth of Newcastle river.
纽卡斯尔城纽卡斯尔位于纽卡斯尔河口。
2、不定冠词a(an) + 表示面积、长(宽、高、温、……)度、比例的名词+of+数字。of后面的词是其前名词的同位语。如:
Belgium has an area of 11,778 square miles.
比利时面积有一万一千七百七十八平方英里。
3、限定词the、this、that、等 + 名词 + of + 名词性物主代词或不带中心词的名词所有格。此处,of前的名词由于受限定词the、this、that等的限定,它和of后面的名词性物主代词或不带中心词的名词所有格(作名词用)同指一个事物。of后的名词性物主代词或不带中心词的名词所有格是of前的名词的同位语。如:
What do you think of this sonata of Beethoven' s?
你觉得贝多芬的这首奏鸣曲怎么样?
4、限定词the、all等 + 数词 + of + 宾格代词或名词。both虽然是限定词,但它又含有数的意味,因此of前也可单用both.如:
I'll take both of them.
我要把他们两个都带上。
5、purpose,hope,question等 + of + 动名词短语。这时,of后面的动名词短语相当于同位语从句。如:
Is there any hope ofXiao Wang winning the Championship?
小王有没有获冠军的希望?
6、名词problem,question等 + of + 疑问句 + 动词不定式。如:
The question of when to leave never came up.
从没提起过何时离开的问题。
参考资料来源:百度百科-同位语
怎样区分定语和同位语
1. 根据意思来判断。 在关系代词前加is,如果句子成立就是同位语从句,否则就不是。 Eg.1)He always asks himself the question what is to be done next.àThe question is what to be done next.(句子成立,所以是同位语从句) 2)The Great Wall is one of the world famous buildings that drows lots of tourists.à……buildings are that draw lots of tourists.(句子不成立,不是同位语从句) 2. 根据that在从句中是否担任成分来判断。 that在定语从句中必须担任成分,而在同位语从句中不担任成分。 Eg.1)The news that the reader will come here is not true.(that不担任成分) 2)The news that you told me last week is not true.(that在从句中担当told的宾语) 3. 根据that前的名词判断。 同位语从句的先行词应是表示抽象概念的词,如:news,thought,reply,question,report,remark,idea,belief,conclusion,impression,fact,information,order等,而定语从句的先行词可以是各种表示抽象概念或具体概念的词。 在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面,用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。 可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有new,idea,fact,promise,question,doubt,thought,hope,message,suggestion,word(消息),possibility等。 英语中引导同位语从句的词通有连词 that,whether,连接副词 how,when,where等。(注:if,which 不能引导同位语从句。) 有时同位语从句可以不紧跟在说明的名词后面,而被别的词隔开。 同位语从匈与定语从句的区别。 1、同位语从句与前面的名词是同位关系,即说明它前面名词的内容;而定语从句与前面的名词是修饰与被修饰关系,即限定它前面的名词范围,或补充一些情况。如: The news that l hove passed the exam is true.我通过了考试这一消息是真的。 (同位语从句,即从句所表达的意思就是前面名词的内容。) The news that he told me just now is true.他刚才告诉我的消息是真的。 (定语从句,从句对前面名词起修饰限制作用,即“他告诉我的”那个消息,而不是别的消息。) 2、引导同位语从句的that是连词,在从句中不充当任何成份,而引导定语从句的that是关系代词,除起连接作用外,还在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语等。如: The idea that computers can recognize human voices surprises many people. 计算机能够识别人的声音的想法使许多人感到惊奇。(that在从句中不充当任何成份。) The idea that he gave surprises many people.他提出的观点令许多人感到吃惊。 (that在从句中作gave的宾语。)
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