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高中英语动词不定式课件
动词不定式概述
一 不定式的体
1. 不定式的一般式(to do)表示不定式的.动作将要发生或与谓语动作同时发生.
2 不定式的进行体(to be doing)表示不定式的动作正在发生.
不定式的完成体(to have done)表示不定式的动作在谓语动作之前发生.
二 不定式的逻辑主语
1 不定式的逻辑主语常不出现在句中.
2 句子的主语,宾语有时是不定式的逻辑主语.
3 不定式前"for+名词/代词"结构中的名词或代词也可以用来表示不定式的;逻辑主语.
4 在"It+be+形容词+of+名词/代词+to do"结构中,名词或代词为不定式的逻辑主语.该结构中的形容词通常用来表示人的品质.例如:kind, good, nice, bad, cruel, honest, bold, thoughtful, right, wrong, wise, clever, silly, foolish, careless, rude等.
例如:It's very kind of you to cal to tell me about the conference.
三 不定式的否定式
不定式否定式由not/never +to do构成
四 不定式的句法功能
1 不定式做主语
1)To say something is one thing; to do it is another.
2)It is not a good idea to build houses along the lines where two of the earth's plates join together.
注:充当主语的不定式即可置于句首,位于谓语动词之前,也可作为句子的真正主语置于句末,用作形式主语.
2 不定式作表语
3)Her uncle seems to be acting rather strangely towards her these days.
4)The purpose of the fence is to keep out a type of wild dog called a "Dingo".
5)One suggested answer is for farmers to limit the number of their cattle.
注:充当表语的不定式一般位于be ,seem等系动词后.
3 不定式作宾语
6)Shylock agreed to lend Antonio money on one condition.
注:充当宾语的不定式位于及物动词后.常用不定式作宾语的动词有:agree, plan, determine, dare, refuse, hope, wish, expect, promise, choose, pretend, decide, manage, intend, offer, afford, demand.
7)The dusty air makes it difficult to get a clear picture of space.
注:充当宾语的不定式如果有自己的表语,则可用代替只个不定式作为形式宾语,而作为真正宾语的不定式则放在表语之后.以it作为形式宾语的这种结构常用在think, feel, find, make, consider等动词之后.
big and strong.
4 不定式作宾语补足语
8)The powder made from fish, blood and bones will make the cabbage plants grow big and strong.
9)Portia told Bassanio to go to his friend at once.
注:在下列动词后作宾语补足语的不定式通常不带to.这些动词是observe, notice, see, hear, watch, have, feel, make, let.但上述动词转换为被动语态时,其后的不定式须带to.例如:The cabbage plants will be made to grow
动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。
例:Togoinforsportshelpsyou
stayfit.(book4,L28)Ithelpsyoustayfittogoinforsports.Itisdangeroustoswiminthedeepseaonyourown.
注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示
评价的形容词。例:It’srightofhimtorefusethe
invitation.(him为逻辑主语)
2、表语:Ourdutyistoprotecttheenviroment.
3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例:wouldyouliketoseemyphotos?Kevinplannedtovisithisuncle.(book4,L11)
和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。
Ifounditverydifficulttogeta
job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语:(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:例:Iaskedafriendtoreadittome.(book4,L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词
(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,
make,let,have,help等)后不带to。例:Theyheardhimsingapopsonginthemeetingroom.
5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
例:Vinnyisthefirstdisabledper鄄sontosailaroundtheworld.(book4,
L1)6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。
例:Weareverygladtomeetyouagain.
7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。
例:Theybroughtinphotosoftheir
familiesformetolookat.(book4,L2)
8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例:Hedidn’ttellmewheretogo.9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”
例:Therearetwentymoretreestobeplanted.
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中,动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点;在历年高考中,动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一;在学生的学习实践中,动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识,下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I. 不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语时,常用it作形式主语,而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如:
It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同:前者作主语时,常表示某一次具体的动作;而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如:
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如:
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时,应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如:
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作宾语
1. 学习不定式作宾语时,要注意掌握四种动词:
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有: enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有: start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可,但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如:
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话,我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你,你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济,部长接着谈论外交政策。
2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语,如带有宾语补足语时,要先用it作形式宾语,而将该不定式后置。例如:
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如:
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗?
[高考题例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时,应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子:
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗?
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗?
简析:当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时,不定式使用主动式;当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时,不定式使用被动式。
IV. 不定式作状语
1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时,要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
A. maths is very important
B. maths is more important than other subjects
C. one must understand maths
D. maths is important to be understood
2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中,当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时,不定式不使用被动式。例如:
The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
动词不定式做表语
表目的。
To finish my homework,i will stay at my home this afternoon.
To make you happy ,i will give you my hand.
以上为to前置情况,去掉逗号,将从句后置亦可。
动词不定式的用法 七种用法口诀
1、第一, 动词不定式作主语:可以直接把动词不定式放在句首,特别是带疑问词的不定式短语作主语,要经常放在句首。但是通常来说,特别是不定式短语很长的时候,为了避免头重脚轻的状况,我们经常用it做形式主语,而把真正的主语(也就是动词不定式)放在句末。这里有一个很重要的考点大家要记住,就是动词不定式做主语,谓语动词要用第三人称单数形式。
2、第二, 动词不定式作宾语。有些及物动词用不定式做宾语,构成“动词加不定式”有些动词,不仅可以用不定式作宾语,还可以做补语,构成“动词加宾语加不定式”的形式,还有些动词或动词短语,可以用“疑问词加不定式”的结构做宾语,还有一些动词后面接不定式形式和接V- ing 形式作宾语。
3、第三, 动词不定式作表语:动词不定式作表语,通常是说明主语的内容是什么,性质,特征。
4、第四, 动词不定式作宾语补足语:可以分为两种情况,一种是带to的动词不定式做宾补,另一种是,主动语态里不带to,而变为被动语态那时候要加上to 。
5、第五, 动词不定式作定语:不定式与它所修饰的词构成动宾关系,如果不定式是不及物动词的时候,后面必须加上适当的介词。
6、第六, 动词不定式作状语:不定式作目的状语,原因状语和结果状语。
7、第七, 带疑问词的不定式短语疑问词加不定式这种结构,可以在句子里做成分,也可以单独使用相当于一个特殊疑问句。
动词不定式做表语
不定式和动名词作主语与表语比较 ■表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词;表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。如:Swimming is fun in summer. 夏天游泳是有趣的事。Swimming in this river is a great pleasure. 在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。注:有时这种区别并不很严格。但要注意:主语和表语要用同一种形式;平行结构中要用同一种形式。如:To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 钓鱼是他的爱好,集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。■口语中,陈述句多用不定式作主语,而疑问句却总是用动名词作主语。如:Is doing morning exercises good for your health? 做早操对你身体有好处吗?■下列句子中通常用动名词:It’s no good/use talking to him. 找他谈是没有用的。It’s useless discussing the matter. 讨论此事无益。There is no stopping him. 无法阻止他。No parking! 禁止停车!■下列句中通常用不定式:It took us two hours to get there. 去那里我们花了两个小时。It’s foolish of him to do so. 他这样做是愚蠢的。It is necessary for us to learn English well. 我们有必要学好英语。 引用地址: ***/Article/201008/1664.html
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