本文目录
分词作定语
“分词作定语”就是“用分词翻译句子中的定语”
定语从句
1. I like the stories that were written by Hugo.
2. Couples that have kids prefer this car.
及物动词的分词形式做定语
【重要定义】通常情况下，不完整句子充当的定语可以用定语从句翻译，也可以用分词翻译
I like the stories that were written by Hugo.（定语从句）
I like the stories written by Hugo.（分词翻译）
-----------------------------------------------------------
Couples that have kids prefer this car.（定语从句）
Couples having kids prefer this car.（分词翻译）
1. 【某人/某物 + doing sth】---【正在做某事的某人/某物】
the man drinking wine alone
the girl playing with her phone.
the machine cleaning the floor.
2. 【某人/某物 + doing sth】---【通常做某事的某人/某物】
people driving expensive cars
people using smart phones.
families owing cars.
1. 【某人/某物 + done】---【过去被... 的某人/某物】
books written by Lu Xun
the tiger killed by Wu Song
the bottle broken by you
2. 【某人/某物 + done】---【通常被... 的某人/某物】
people attracted to art
products designed by her
cars produced by ford company
3. 【某人/某物 + being done】---【正在被... 的某人/某物】
the country being attacked
the wall being painted
the car being fixed
4. 【某人/某物 + to be done】---【将要被...的某人/某物】
the problem to be discussed tomorrow
the problem to be faced in the future
the homework to be finished tonight
【注意】分词形式having done和having been done不能做定语
例句练习
1. The toy broken by you is a limited edition.
2. The package sent here yesterday is under your desk.
3. The car being fixed belongs to our company.
4. I have read the composition written by him.
5. The problem to be solved tomorrow is quite difficult.
6. The girl backing a guitar is a Korean.
分词作定语的位置
①分词短语作定语，要写在名词的后面
The girl murdered by him was only 15.
②单个分词作定语，要写在名词的前面
The murdered girl was only 15.
不及物动词的分词形式做定语
【重点】vi现在分词 + 某人/某物=正在...的某人/某物 boiling water 正在沸腾的水
【重点】vi过去分析 + 某人/某物=已经...的某人/某物 boiled water 已经沸腾过的水
boil 沸腾 boiling boiled
melt 熔化 melting melted
fall 下落 falling fallen
develop 发展 developing developed
rise 上升 rising risen
die 死亡 dying
fly 飞 flying
crouch 蹲着 crouching
sing 唱歌 singing
marry 结婚 married
retire 退休 retired
例句练习
1. She fell in love a married man.
2. Beijing is a developed city.
3. The boy singing on the stage has great potential.
4. Add some salt to boiling water.
分词作定语的用法讲解归纳
一、英语分词在句子中作定语时，单个的分词通常放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语一般置于所修饰的中心词后面。现在分词修饰的是发出该动作的`名词（即与名词有主谓关系），分词短语作定语时放在后，并且名词与现在分词之间存有逻辑上的主谓关系。这是区分现在分词作定语和动名词作定语的判断方法之一。例如：
1.a running boy
2.the girl standing there
并且一般都可以转化为一个进行时的定语从句。
1.a boy who is running
2.a girl who is standing there
二、在现在分词作定语时，需要注意以下几点
1、分词的完成时不可作定语
2、在message letter sign news notice等词后要用现在分词作定语，不用过去分词，这是考试的易错点。
3、某些现在分词作定语时，已不再表示动作，已经从分词变为了形容词词性，如interesting story， an exciting match。这些也可以属于现在分词作定语，但是不能转化为相应的定语从句，但是可以有三级变化(原级 比较级 最高级)和被某些副词如very修饰。
三、作定语的过去分词相当于形容词,其逻辑主语就是它所修饰的名词.及物动词的过去分词作定语，既表被动又表完成;不及物动词的过去分词作定语，只表完成。过去分词修饰承受该动作的名词（即与名词是动宾关系）。
1、过去分词用作定语，如果是单个的，常置于其所修饰的名词之前。
We must adapt our thinking to the changed conditions.
我们必须使我们的思想适应改变了的情况。
2、过去分词短语用作定语时，一般置于其所修饰的名词之后，其意义相当于一个定语从句,但较从句简洁，多用于书面语中。
The concert given by their friends was a success.
他们朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
3、过去分词短语有时也可用作非限制性定语，前后常有逗号。
The meeting,attended by over five thousand people,welcomed the great hero.
他们举行了欢迎英雄的大会，到会的有五千多人。
4、用来修饰人的过去分词有时可以转移到修饰非人的事物，这种过去分词在形式上虽不直接修饰人，但它所修饰的事物仍与人直接有关。
The boy looked up with a pleased satisfied expression.
男孩带着满意的表情举目而视。
四、1.We will go on with our experiment as soon as we get the added fund.
2.This is really an exhausting day to all of us!
3.We can see the part of the moon lighted by sunlight.
4.After a night spent in excitement and sleeplessness, I forced myself to take a long walk along the beach the next day.
5.More and more developing countries established strategic partnership with developed countries
分词作定语的用法总结
分词就是具有动词 及形容词二者特征的词，尤指以-ing或-ed,-d,-t,-en或-n结尾的英语动词性形容词，具有形容词功能，同时又表现各种动词性特点，如时态 、语态 、带状语性修饰语的性能及带宾词的性能。以下是我为大家整理的分词作定语用法 总结 ，希望能帮助大家更好地认识分词，提高英语水平。
分词前置
He is a retired worker. 他是位退休的工人
We can see the rising sun. 我们可以看到东升的旭日
分词后置 (i.分词词组;ii. 个别分词如given, left; iii. 修饰不定代词 something等)
This is the question given. 这是所给的问题
There is nothing interesting. 没有有趣的东西
There was a girl sitting there. 有个女孩坐在那里
过去分词作定语
与其修饰的词是被动关系，相当于一个被动语态的定语从句。
Most of the people invited to the party were famous scientists.
Most of the artists invited to the party were from South Africa.
典型例题
1) The first textbook ___ for teaching English as a foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. have written B. to be written C. being written D. written
答案D. 书与写作是被动关系，应用过去分词做定语表被 动，相当于定语从句 which is written
2)What's the language ____ in Germany?
A. speaking B. spoken C. be spoken D. to speak
答案B. 主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。
spoken是动词speak的过去分词形式，在句中作定语，修饰主语language, spoken 与 language有被动关系。该句可以理解为：
What's the language (which is) spoken in German?
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分词作定语
1.现在分词作定语
1）形式:现在分词作定语时，只能用doing 和being done两种形式。
2）doing表示主动，动作正在发生或现在（当时）的状态。being done表示被动，动作正在进行。
3）位置：单个现在分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之前；现在分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词之后。
4）扩展：现在分词短语作后置定语时课扩展成定语从句。
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