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定语从句的思维导图
定语从句的思维导图
一、定语从句的概念
在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
二、定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词,常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose)等,关系副词包括where, when, why等。关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
三、定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去,非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意思仍完整。
限制性关系从句
从语义上看,限制性关系从句主要起限定作用,修饰特定的人或事物,如果去掉限制性定语从句,整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺;从结构上看,限制性关系从句常紧跟先行词,并且同先行词之间一般不加逗号分隔(但不是绝对的)。
限制性关系从句的关系词包括:that, which, who, whom, whose, as, than等。
非限制性关系从句
从语义上看,非限制性关系从句主要起补充说明的作用,有时相当于一个并列分句或状语从句,可以表达原因、目的、结果、条件、让步等意义。
例如:Dr Lee, who had read through the instructions carefully before doing his experiments, did not obtain satisfactory results. (非限制性关系从句表示让步的意义,相当于though Dr Lee had read through the instructions...)
非限制性定语从句的关系词包括:which, who, whom, whose, as等,另外that在非限制性关系从句中并非绝对不可使用。
四、关系代词的用法
1. that 既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语,作主语时不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。(that作主语)
The coat (that) I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的'。(that作宾语)
2.which用于指物,在句中作主语或宾语,作主语不可省略,作宾语可省略。例如:
The building which stands near the train station is a supermarket.位于火车站附近的那座大楼是一家超市。(作主语)
The film (which) we saw last night was wonderful. 我们昨天晚上看的那部电影很好看。(作宾语)
3.who, whom用于指人,who 用作主语,whom用作宾语。在口语中,有时可用who代替whom,也可省略。例如:
The girl who often helps me with my English is from England.经常在英语方面帮助我的那个女孩是英国人。(作主语)
Who is the teacher (whom) Li Ming is talking to?正在与李明谈话的老师是谁?(作宾语)
注意:(1)当定语从句中含有介词,介词放在句末时,who, that, which可省略,但介词在关系代词前时,只能用“介词+which/whom”结构。例如:
This is the house in which we lived last year.这是我们去年居住的房子。
Please tell me from whom you borrowed the English novel.请告诉我你从谁那借的这本英文小说。
(2)含有介词的固定动词词组中,介词不可前置,只能放在原来的位置上。例如:
This is the person whom you are looking for. 这就是你要找的那个人。
(3)that 作介词的宾语时,介词不能放它的前面,只能放在从句中动词的后面。例如:
The city that she lives in is very far away.她居住的城市非常远。
(4)关系词只能用that的情况:
a. 先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰,或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是第一个通过考试的人。
b.被修饰的先行词为all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代词时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗?
c.先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等词修饰时,只能用that,而不用which.例如:
This is the same bike that I lost.这就是我丢的那辆自行车。
d. 先行词里同时含有人或物时,只能用that, 而不用which.例如:
I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得我在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。
e.以who或which引导的特殊疑问句,为避免重复,只能用that.例如:
Who is the girl that is crying? 正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁?
f.主句是there be 结构,修饰主语的定语从句用that,而不用which.例如:
There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom. 桌子上那本书是汤姆的。
(5)关系词只能用which,而不用that 的情况:
a.先行词为that, those时,用which, 而不用that.例如:
What’s that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么?
b.关系代词前有介词时,一般用which,而不用that.例如:
This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住的房间。
c.引导非限制性定语从句,用which, 而不用that.例如:
Tom came back, which made us happy. 汤姆回来了,这使我们很高兴。
五、关系副词的 用法
(1)when指时间,其先行词表示时间,在句中作时间状语。例如:
This was the time when he arrived.这是他到达的时间。
(2)where指地点,其先行词表示地点,在句中作地点状语。例如:
This is place where he works.这是他工作的地点。
(3)why 指原因,其先行词是原因,起原因状语作用。例如:
Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school. 没人知道他为什么上学总迟到。
六、关系构成
关系从句的句法功能主要是充当定语。在英语中,关系从句通常位于它所修饰的词(组)之后。被关系从句修饰的词(组)叫做先行词(英语:antecedent),引导关系从句的词称为关系词,关系词指代先行词并在关系从句中充当一定的成分。
例如:This is the book which interests me.(“which interests me”是关系从句,修饰先行词“book”,而关系词“which”指代先行词“book”并在关系从句中充当主语。这句话可以拆分为两个句子来理解:“This is the book.”和“The book interests me.”)
七、特殊的关系从句
名词性关系从句
名词性关系从句(英语:nominal relative clause)又叫自由关系从句(英语:free relative clause),名词性关系从句在结构上不含有先行词,它的关系词同时扮演了关系词和先行词的角色,因此名词性关系从句的关系词又叫缩合连接代词。
例如:I like what I see.(“what I see”是名词性关系从句,它没有先行词,与此同时缩合连接代词“what”又直接充当了“like”的宾语。)
缩合连接代词“what”可以根据语义解释为“the thing(s) that”或“the person(s) that”。
嵌入式关系从句
嵌入式关系从句(英语:embedded relative clause)是一种较复杂的关系从句,它既是先行词的后置定语,又是另一结构的宾语。
例如:She has an adopted child who she says was an orphan. (关系从句修饰“an adopted child",同时又是“she says”的宾语)
双重关系从句
双重关系从句(英语:double relative clause)是指两个关系从句修饰同一个先行词的语法现象。
例如:You can easily find us;just look for a house whose windows need washing andwhosefence needs repairing!
英语名词性从句中每种从句定义
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses)。 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
17.1 引导名词性从句的连接词
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连接词:that,whether,if 不充当从句的任何成分)
连接代词:what, whatever, who, whoever, whom,
whose, which.
连接副词:when, where, how, why
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she was chosen made us very happy.
We heard the news that our team had won.
比较:whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,whether 不能被if 取代:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 从句后有"or not"
Whether he will come is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is not important who will go.
It is still unknown which team will win the match.
17.2 名词性that-从句
1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。 That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如:
主语:That he is still alive is sheer luck. 他还活着全靠运气。
宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。
表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。
同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office.
近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。
形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job.
你对工作满意我感到很高兴。
2)That- 从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如:
It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。
It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。
用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系:
a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句
It is necessary that… 有必要……
It is important that… 重要的是……
It is obvious that… 很明显……
b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句
It is believed that… 人们相信……
It is known to all that… 从所周知……
It has been decided that… 已决定……
c. It + be +名词+ that-从句
It is common knowledge that… ……是常识
It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是……
It is a fact that… 事实是……
d. It +不及物动词+ that-分句
It appears that… 似乎……
It happens that… 碰巧……
It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……17.3 名词性wh-从句
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如:
主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。
直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。
间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize.
俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。
表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。
宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。
同位语: I have no idea when he will return.
我不知道他什么时候回来。
形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。
介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go.
那取决于我们去哪儿。
2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如:
It is not yet decided who will do that job.
还没决定谁做这项工作。
It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
17.4 if, whether引导的名词从句
1)yes-no型疑问从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no 型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如:
主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有等证实。
宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。
表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。
同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。
形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。
介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
2)选择性疑问从句
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whethe…or not构成,例如:
Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。
I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。
英语语法思维导图模板
如何制作英语语法的思维导图?英语语法是非常重要的,面对英语语法很多人往往会手足无措,导致最终学不好。有一部分人面对英语语法一般都会采用死记硬背的方法去进行学习,这种学习方法虽然能够学习到内容,但是最终来说效率还是太低,所以有没有什么方法能够帮助我们呢?这个时候我们就可以试一试使用思维导图来整理英语语法的内容,帮助我们提高学习的效率且加深理解。
英语-介词用法思维导图
英语-句子结构梳理思维导图
英语-名词性从句思维导图
英语-形容词和副词的比较等级思维导图
英语-状语从句思维导图
看了上面整理的英语语法思维导图,感觉如何?是不是感觉这些知识点跟思维导图的结合非常的清晰,一些知识点理解起来都变得简单了?通过思维导图的整理我们所学的一些知识能够被清晰的拆分开,能够在我们的大脑中形成一个完善的链条,从而帮助我们更好的记忆以及理解,这也是为什么思维导图能够受到很多学校以及教育机构青睐的原因。好了,以上就是英语语法思维导图的主要内容了,感兴趣的话快来试一试吧~
名词性从句常用连词和详细例句和解释
分类
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类: 连词(5个):that (宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略) whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性) as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”) 以上在从句中均不充当任何成分 连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever 连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however 不可省略的连词: 1. 介词后的连词 2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。 That she was chosen made us very happy. We heard the news that our team had won.
比较
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。 但在下列情况下,只可用whether: 1. whether引导主语从句并在句首 eg:whether he can come to the party on time depends on the traffic 2. 引导表语从句 eg:The question is whether we can get in touch with her 3. whether从句作介词宾语 eg:I am thinking about whether I should quit my present job 4.if与whether都可以与or not 连用,但后面紧跟or not 时只能用whether we didn't know whether or not she was ready.(此时只能用whether) I wonder whether/if the news is true or not.(此时则二者都可以用) 5. 引导同位语从句 Whether he will come is not clear. 大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。 It is not important who will go. It is still unknown which team will win the match.
作句子主语的从句叫主语从句。主语从句通常由下列词引导: 1)从属连词that,whether 等; 2)连接代词what,who,which,whatever,whoever,whom 等; 3) 连接副词how,when,where,why 等。 that在句中无词义,只起连接作用;连接代词和连接副词在句中既保留自己的疑问含义、又起连接作用,在从句中充当从句的成分。注:whom、who指人,what指物,whatever,whoever表示泛指意义。例如: What he wants to tell us is not clear. 他要跟我们说什么,还不清楚。 Who will win the match is still unknown. 谁能赢得这场比赛还不得而知。 It is known to us how he became a writer. 我们都知道他是如何成为一名作家的。 Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。 有时为避免句子头重脚轻,常用形式主语it代替主语从句作形式主语放于句首,而把主语从句置于句末。主语从句后的谓语动词一般用单数形式。常用句型如下: (1)It is+ 名词 + that从句 (2)It is + 形容词 + that从句 (3)It is + 动词的过去分词+ 主语从句 (4)It + 不及物动词 + that 从句 另注意在主语从句中用来表示惊奇、不相信、惋惜、理应如此等语气时,谓语动词要用虚拟语气“(should) +do”,常用的句型有: It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that … It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that…
名词从句用作宾语的从句叫宾语从句。引导宾语从句的关联词与引导主语从句表语从句的关联词大致一样,在句中可以作谓语动词或介词及非谓语动词的宾语。 1. 由连接词that引导的宾语从句 由连接词that引导宾语从句时,that在句中不担任任何成分,在口语或非正式的文体中常被省去,但如从句是并列句时,第二个分句前的that不可省。例如: He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. 他已经告诉我他明天要去上海。 We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 我们决不能认为自己什么都好,别人什么都不好。 注意:在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, request, command, doubt等表示要求、命令、建议、决定等意义的动词后,宾语从句常用“(should)+ 动词原形”。例如: I insist that she (should) do her work alone. 我坚持要她自己工作。 The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 司令员命令部队马上出发。 2. 用who,whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等关联词引导的宾语从句相当于特殊疑问句,应注意句子语序要用陈述语序。例如: I want to know what he has told you. 我想知道他告诉了你什么。 She always thinks of how she can work well. 她总是在想怎样能把工作做好。 She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 凡需要帮助的人,她都会给予热情的支持。 3. 用whether或if引导的宾语从句,其主语和谓语的顺序也不能颠倒,仍保持陈述句语序。此外,whether与if 在作“是否”的意思讲时在下列情况下一般只能用whether,不用if: a. 引导主语从句并在句首时;b. 引导表语从句时;c . 引导从句作介词宾语时;d. 从句后有“or not”时;e. 后接动词不定式时。例如: Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. 月球上有没有生命是个有趣的问题。 Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 一切要看我们是否有足够的钱。 I wonder whether he will come or not. 我想知道他来还是不来。 Can you tell me whether to go or to stay? 你能否告诉我是去还是留? 4. 注意宾语从句中的时态呼应,当主句动词是现在时,从句根据自身的句子情况,而使用 不同时态。例如: I know (that) he studies English every day. (从句用一般现在时) I know (that) he studied English last term. (从句用一般过去时) I know (that) he will study English next year. (从句用一般将来时) I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. (从句用现在完成时) 当主句动词是过去时态(could, would除外),从句则要用相应的过去时态,如一般过去时,过去进行时,过去将来时等;当从句表示的是客观真理,科学原理,自然现象,则从句仍用现在时态。例如: The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America. 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等动词引起的否定性宾语从句中,要把上述主句中的动词变为否定式。即将从句中的否定形式移到主句中。例如: We don’t think you are here. 我们认为你不在这。 I don’t believe he will do so. 我相信他不会这样做。
在复合句中,位于系动词之后作表语的从句叫表语从句。引导表语从句的关联词与引导主语从句的关联词大致一样,表语从句位于连系动词后,有时用as if引导。其基本结构为:主语 + 系动词 + that从句。例如: The fact is that we have lost the game. 事实是我们已经输了这场比赛。 That’s just what I want. 这正是我想要的。 This is where our problem lies. 这就是我们的问题所在。 That is why he didn’t come to the meeting. 那就是他为什么不到会的原因。 It looks as if it is going to rain. 看上去天要下雨了。 需要注意的,当主语是reason时,表语从句要用that引导而不是because。例如: The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning . 【注意】whether 可引导表语从句,但与之同义的if却通常不用于引导表语从句。
编辑本段五、同位语从句
同位语从句说明其前面的名词的具体内容。同位语从句通常由that引导,可用于同位语从句的名词有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如: The news that we won the game is exciting. 我们赢得这场比赛的消息令人激动。 I have no idea when he will come back home. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 他想到可能玛丽生病了。 同位语从句和定语从句的区别: that作为关系代词,可以引导定语从句,充当句子成分,在从句中作宾语时可以省略; that引导同位语从句时,起连词的作用,没有实际意义,不充当句子成分,一般不能省略。 试比较下面两个例句: I had no idea that you were here.(that引导同位语从句,不能省略) Have you got the idea(that)this book gives you of life in ancient Greece?(that引导定语从句,作宾语,可以省略)
(1)由从属连词that引导的从句叫做名词性that-从句。That只起连接主句和从句的作用,在从句中不担任任何成分,本身也没有词义。名词性that-从句在句中能充当主 语、宾语、表语、同位语和形容词宾语,例如: 主语:That she is still alive is her luck. 她还活着全靠运气。 宾语:John said that he was leaving for London on Wednesday. 约翰说他星期三要到伦敦去。 表语:The fact is that he has not been seen recently. 事实是近来谁也没有见过他。 同位语:The fact that he has not been seen recently disturbs everyone in his office. 近来谁也没有见过他,这一事实令办公室所有的人不安。 形容词宾语:I am glad that you are satisfied with your job. 你对工作满意我感到很高兴。 2)That-从句作主语通常用it作先行词,而将that-从句置于句末,例如: It is quite clear that the whole project is doomed to failure. 很清楚,整个计划注定要失败。 It's a pity that you should have to leave. 你非走不可真是件憾事。 用it作形式主语的that-从句有以下四种不同的搭配关系: a. It + be +形容词+ that-从句 It is necessary that… 有必要…… It is important that… 重要的是…… It is obvious that… 很明显…… b. It + be + -ed 分词+ that-从句 It is believed that… 人们相信…… It is known to all that… 众所周知…… It has been decided that… 已决定…… c. It + be +名词+ that-从句 It is common knowledge that… ……是常识 It is a surprise that… 令人惊奇的是…… It is a fact that… 事实是…… d. It +不及物动词+ that-从句 It appears that… 似乎…… It happens that… 碰巧…… It occurred to me that… 我突然想起……
1)由wh-词引导的名词从句叫做名词性wh-从句。Wh-词包括who, whom,. whose, whoever, what, whatever, which, whichever等连接代词和where, when, how, why等连接副词。Wh-从句的语法功能除了和that-从句一样外,还可充当介词宾语、宾语补语和间接宾语等,例如: 主语: How the book will sell depends on its author. 书销售如何取决于作者本人。 直接宾语:In one's own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。 间接宾语:The club will give whoever wins a prize. 俱乐部将给得胜者设奖。 表语: My question is who will take over president of the Foundation. 我的问题是谁将接任该基金会主席职位。 宾语补足语:She will name him whatever she wants to. 她高兴给他起什么名字就取什么名字。 同位语: I have no idea when he will return. 我不知道他什么时候回来。 形容词宾语:I'm not sure why she refused their invitation. 我尚不能肯定她为什么拒绝他们的邀请。 介词宾语: That depends on where we shall go. 那取决于我们去哪儿。 2)Wh-从句作主语也常用先行词it做形式主语,而将wh-从句置于句末,例如: It is not yet decided who will do that job. 还没决定谁做这项工作。 It remains unknown when they are going to get married. 他们何时结婚依然不明。
编辑本段八、if, whether引导的名词从句
从属连词if, whether引导的名词从句是由一般疑问句或选择疑问转化而来的,因此也分别被称为yes-no型疑问句从句和选择型疑问从句,其功能和wh-从句的功能相同, 例如: 主语:Whether the plan is feasible remains to be proved. 这一计划是否可行还有待证实。 宾语:Let us know whether / if you can finish the article before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把文章写完。 表语:The point is whether we should lend him the money. 问题在于我们是否应该借钱给他。 同位语:They are investigating the question whether the man is trustworthy. 他们调查他是否值得信赖。 形容词宾语: She's doubtful whether we shall be able to come. 她怀疑我们是否能够前来。 介词宾语: I worry about whether he can pass through the crisis of his illness. 我担心他是否能度过疾病的危险期。
选择性疑问从句由关联词if/whether…or或whether…or not构成,例如: Please tell me whether / if they are Swedish or Danish. 请告诉我他们是瑞典人还是丹麦人。 I don't care whether you like the plan or not.我不在乎你是否喜欢该计划。 if和whether的区别: 1、 在动词不定式之前只能用whether 。如: 例8 I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2、 在whether …… or not 的固定搭配中。如: 例9 I want to know whether it’s good news or not . 我想知道是否是好消息。 3 、在介词后,只能用whether。如: 例10 His father is worried about whether he lose his work . 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 4、宾语从句放在句首表示强调时,只能用whether 。如: Whether this is true or not, I really don’t know. 这是否真的,我真的不知道。 (例11 Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem . 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。--此例为主语从句,有误,感谢指出) 5、用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如: 例12 Could you tell me if you know the answer ? 这句话有两种意思:“你能告诉我是否知道答案吗?”或“如果你知道答案,请告诉我,好吗?”。如用whether可避免歧义.
否定转移
1) 将think, believe, suppose, expect, fancy, imagine等动词后面宾语从句的否定词转移到主句中,即主句的谓语动词用否定式,而从句的谓语动词用肯定式。 I don't think I know you. 我想我并不认识你。 I don' t believe he will come. 我相信他不回来。 注意:若谓语动词为hope,宾语从句中的否定词不能转移。 I hope you weren't ill. 我想你没有生病吧。 2) 将seem, appear 等后的从句的否定转移到前面。 It doesn't seem that they know where to go. 看来他们不知道往哪去。 It doesn't appear that we'll have a sunny day tomorrow. 看来我们明天不会碰上好天气。 3) 有时将动名词,介词短语或整个从句的否定转变为对谓语动词的否定。 I don't remember having ever seen such a man. 我记得从未见过这样一个人。 (not否定动名词短语 having…) It's not a place where anyone would expect to see strange characters on the street. 在这里,人们不会想到在街上会碰上陌生的人。 (anyone 作主语,从句中的谓语动词不能用否定形式。) 4) 有时状语或状语从句中否定可以转移到谓语动词前。 The ant is not gathering this for itself alone. (否定状语) 蚂蚁不只是为自己采食。 He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so. (否定because状语) 他并不因亚里斯多德说过如何如何,就轻信此事。 She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty. (否定状语many weeks) 她结婚还不到几个星期,这个人的弟弟就看见她了,并对她的美貌着了迷。
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