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英语:with的独立主格结构 with的复合结构 说的不是一回事么
独立主格结构：形容词&副词&介词短语&状语从句&非谓语动词充当状语,在句中可以表示时间、原因、条件、方式或伴随情况等.
结构:名词/代词 + 非谓语（doing & todo & done）
形容词&副词
介词短语
with和without复合结构是: with/without＋名词／代词＋分词／不定式／形容词／副词／介词短语.在句子中可以作状语或定语.
with/without＋名词／代词＋不定式.用不定式表示将要发生的动作.
with/without＋名词／代词＋形容词.
with/without+名词／代词＋副词.
with/without+名词／代词＋介词短语.
with和without复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结\x0b构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.
独立主格结构的八种形式
一、独立主格结构基本构成形式 名词(代词)+现在分词（过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语） 1. 名词(代词)+现在分词Night enshrouding the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance．黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。There being no bus, we had to walk home. 由于没有公共汽车，我们只好走回家。 2. 名词(代词)+过去分词The workers worked still harder, their living conditions greatly improved. 由于工人们的生活条件大大提高，他们工作得更起劲了。He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard. 他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。 3. 名词(代词)+不定式在“名词/代词+动词不定式”结构中，动词不定式和它前面的名词或代词如果存在着逻辑上的主谓关系，动词不定式则用主动的形式；如果是动宾关系，则用被动形式。The four of us agreed on a division of labor, each to translate a quarter of the book. 我们四人同意分工干，每人翻译全书的四分之一。Many trees, flowers, and grass to be planted, our newly-built school will look even more beautiful. 种上许多的树、花和草后，我们新建的学校看上去将更美。 4. 名词(代词)+形容词The Trojans asleep, the Greek soldiers crept out of the hollow wooden horse．特洛伊人睡着了，于是希腊士兵从中空的木马里悄悄爬了出来。Computers very small, we can use them widely. 电脑虽小，我们却能广泛地利用它们。 5. 名词(代词)+副词The meeting over, our headmaster soon left the meeting room. 散会了，校长很快就离开了会议室。The lights off, we could not go on with the work. 灯熄了，我们不能继续工作了。 6. 名词(代词)+名词His first shot failure，he fired again．他第一枪没击中，又打了一枪。Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children. 两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。 7. 名词(代词) +介词短语He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。Every afternoon a very old woman hobbled past the old house，a vast load of firewood on her back．每天下午，一个背着一大背柴禾的老妇人都会从那间破旧的房屋前蹒跚着走过。 二、with，without 引导的独立主格结构 with ( without)+宾语（名词/代词）+宾语补足语，宾语通常由名词或代词充当，但代词一定要用宾格。上文的独立主格结构的几种情况都适用于此结构。 The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was. 小女孩把盒子藏了起来，没有人知道它在哪里。（without +名词/代词+动词的-ing形式） Without a word more spoken, she left the meeting room. 她没再说什么话就离开了会议室。（without+名词/代词+动词的-ed形式） The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit. 有这么多的名胜可参观，小孩很激动。（with+名词/代词+动词不定式） The boy was walking, with his father ahead. 父亲在前，小孩在后走着。（with+名词/代词+副词） He stood at the door, with a computer in his hand. 或He stood at the door, computer in hand. 他站在门口，手里拿着一部电脑。（with+名词/代词+介词短语） With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. 由于儿子如此令人失望，老人感到很不快乐。（with+名词/代词+形容词）在with (without) 的复合结构中，多数情况下with 能省略，但without 不能省略。
with引导的独立主格什么时候用
英语中，with引导的独立主格结构很富有表现力，在句子中作状语，表示伴随、方式、原因、结果等。它不是句子而是短语，其结构为：with＋名词／
代词 ＋ 介词短语 ／ 形容词 ／副词 ＋ 名词 ／ 非谓语动词。 现将with引导的独立主格结构作一小结。 1． with
＋名词（代词）＋介词短语
He sat there thinking, with his chin on his hand． 他手托下巴，坐在那儿沉思。
The old man stood there, with his back against the wall．
那位老人背倚着墙站在那里。
Mary was sitting near the fire, with her back towards the door．
玛丽靠近火炉坐着，背对着门。
2． with ＋名词（代词）＋形容词
He stared at his friend with his mouth wide open． 他张大嘴巴凝视着他的朋友。
The man raised his head with eyes full of wonder and mystery．
这人抬起头来，眼里充满了好奇。
He stood there trembling, with his face red with cold．
他站在那儿瑟瑟发抖，脸都冻红了。
3． with ＋名词（代词）＋副词
With production up by 60％, the company has had another excellent year．
产量上升了60％, 公司又是一个好年景。 The stupid Emperor walked in the procession with nothing on． 这位愚蠢的皇帝一丝不挂地行进在游行队伍中。
The naughty boy stood before his teacher with his head down．
这个淘气的男孩低着头站在老师面前。
He put on his socks with the wrong side out． 他把袜子穿反了。
4． with ＋名词（代词）＋名词
She used to sit reading in the evening with her pet dog her only companion．
她从前总爱在晚上坐着看书，她的宠物狗便是她唯一的伙伴。
He died with his daughter yet a schoolgirl．他去世的时候，女儿还是个中学生。 5． with ＋名词（代词）＋现在分词
She stood there chatting with her friend, with her child playing beside her．
她站在那儿跟朋友闲聊，孩子在旁边玩。
With you helping me whenever I’m in trouble, I feel very obliged to you．
无论我什么时候遇到困难你总是帮助我，真是太感激你了。
6． with ＋名词（代词）＋过去分词
“I think we can leave with our heads held high,” Eriksson said． “We
came out of the toughest group, beat Argentina, beat Denmark in a
convincing way．”
“我认为我们可以高昂着头离开，”艾里克松说。“我们来自死亡之组，以一种令人信服的方式击败了阿根廷，击败了丹麦。”
The goalkeeper left Japan with his flaws laid bare．
这位守门员离开了日本，而他的缺点却暴露无遗。
7． with ＋名词（代词）＋不定式
With 10 minutes to go, you’d better hurry．
还有十分钟，你最好快一点。
With you to lead us, our group is sure to succeed．
有你领导我们，我们组肯定能成功。
希望能帮助到你，望采纳！！！
分词的独立主格结构用法
1、with+名词、代词、形容词
He doesn’t like to sleep with the windows open.
他不喜欢开着窗子睡觉.
= He doesn’t like to sleep when the windows are open.
He stood in the rain,with his clothes wet.
他站在雨中,衣服湿透了.
= He stood in the rain,and his clothes were wet.
注意：在with 的独立主格结构中,也可用已形容词化的-ing形式或-ed形式.例如：
With his son so disappointing,the old man felt unhappy.
由于儿子如此令人失望,老人感到很不快乐.
With his father well-known,the boy didn誸 want to study.
父亲如此出名,儿子不想读书.
2、with+名词代词、副词
Our school looks even more beautiful with all the lights on.
所有的灯都打开时,我们的学校看上去更美.
= Our school looks even more beautiful ifwhen all the lights are on.
The boy was walking,with his father ahead.
父亲在前,小孩在后走着.
= The boy was walking and his father was ahead.
3、with+名词代词、介词短语
He stood at the door,with a computer in his hand.或
He stood at the door,computer in hand.
他站在门口,手里拿着一部电脑.
= He stood at the door,and a computer was in his hand.
Vincent sat at the desk,with a pen in his mouth.或
Vincent sat at the desk,pen in mouth.
文森特坐在课桌前,嘴里衔着一支笔.
= Vincent sat at the desk,and he had a pen in his mouth.
4、with+名词代词、动词的-ed形式
With his homework done,Peter went out to play.
作业做好了,彼得出去玩了.
= When his homework was done,Peter went out to play.
With the signal given,the train started.
信号发出了,火车开始起动了.
= After the signal was given,the train started.
I wouldn誸 dare go home without the job finished.
工作还没完成,我不敢回家.
= I wouldn't dare go home because the job was not finished.
5、with+名词代词+动词的-ing形式
The man felt very happy with so many children sitting around him.
有这么多的孩子坐在他周围,那男子感到很高兴.
= The man felt very happy when he found so many children sitting around him.
The girl hid her box without anyone knowing where it was.
小女孩把盒子藏了起来,没有人知道它在哪里.
= The girl hid her box and no one knew where it was.
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.
他趁没人注意的时候,从窗口溜走了.
= When no one was noticing,he slipped through the window.
6、with+名词代词、动词不定式
The little boy looks sad,with so much homework to do.
有这么多的家庭作业要做,小男孩看上去很不开心.
= The little boy looks sad because he has so much homework to do.
The kid feels excited with so many places of interest to visit.
有这么多的名胜可参观,小孩很激动.
The kid feels excited as there are so many places of interest to visit.
[注意] 在with / without 的复合结构中,多数情况下with 能省略,但without 不能省略.
Without a word more spoken,she left the meeting room.
她没再说什么话就离开了会议室.( without不能省略)
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