本文目录
without的用法
without通常表示否定，意为“没有”“无”“不需”，其后可接名词和动名词，表示条件时，意为若无，若非。
一.without可用作副词
1.在外部：
a sturdy structure within and without.
内外都很坚固的结构
2.缺少：在没有或缺少…的情况下：
had to do without.
没有只好作罢
二.without可用作介词
1.没有；缺少：
a family without a car.
没有汽车的家庭
2.没有陪伴；没有…：
volunteered without hesitation; spoke without thinking.
毫不犹豫地自告奋勇；脱口而出
3.在外面；对着外面；向着外部：
standing without the door.
站在门外
三.表示否定，其意为“没有”“无”“不需”
He went out without his umbrella.
他外出没有带伞。
I was without anyone to look after my child.
没有人替我照看孩子。
四..有时表示条件，意为“若无，若非”
Without water,we cannot live.没有水，我们就活不了。
这样用时，有时还可引出虚拟语气，相当于but for.
I never could have done it without your help.
如果没有你的帮助我永远也不会完成这事。
without的用法
without的用法：1、接在not、never等否定副词后，表示强调与肯定。2、表示否定，意为“没有”、“不需要”。3、表示条件，意为“若无”、“若非”。4、与动名词形式连用，表示“不”、“无”。5、后接复合宾语，常用结构有：without+宾语+过去分词、without+宾语+不定式等。
一、without的基本用法
1.(用在no,not,never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定…….如：
You can't get rich without taking risks.人不冒险不富.
The old man cannot walk without a stick.那位老先生离开手杖就走不了路.
Don't go out without a coat:you'll catch your death.别不穿外套出去,会得重感冒的.
2.(表否定)没有,无,不需.如：
The letter was posted without a stamp.那封信没贴邮票就寄出去了.
We got there without any trouble.我们到了那儿,一路上没遇到任何麻烦.
You'll get wet if you go out in the rain without an umbrella.雨天外出不带伞会淋湿的.
3.(表条件)若无,若非.如：
I don't like to go to a country without knowing something of the language.我要是不懂得一点那个国家的语言,就不想到那个国家去.
Without water,we cannot live.没有水,我们就活不了.
Can you see without your glasses?你不戴眼镜能看得清东西吗?
4.(与-ing形式连用)不,无,没.如：
She entered the room without knocking.她没敲门就进了房间.
They had to stand for hours without changing position.他们得一动不动地站几个小时.
It wasn't very polite of you to serve yourself without asking.你也不问一声就自己吃起来是不太礼貌的.
二、without作表语的用法
without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语.如：
She is completely without shame.她恬不知耻.
My investigations were without result.我的调查毫无结果.
三、without后接复合宾语的用法
without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下：
1.without+宾语+介词短语
We'd be better off without them as neighbors.要是没有这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了.
I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡,里边不加糖我更喜欢.
2.without+宾语+副词
I'd be lost without you here.没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展.
I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼镜十分近视.
3.without+宾语+动名词
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去.
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定.
4.without+宾语+过去分词
Without another word exchanged,they started off.没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了.
5.without+宾语+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on?没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了.
without虚拟语气的用法总结
without的基本用法
用在no,not,never等否定副词之后,强调肯定)没有……不,没有……则不能……,每……必定…….如：
you
cant get rich without taking risks.人不冒险不富.
扩展资料
二、without作表语的用法
without引出的介词短语通常用作状语,但有时也可用作表语.如：
She is completely without shame.她恬不知耻.
My investigations were without result.我的调查毫无结果.
三、without后接复合宾语的'用法
without后接复合宾语的常用结构如下：
1.without+宾语+介词短语
We'd be better off without them as neighbors.要是没有这些邻居,我们就过得更愉快了.
I don't like sweet coffee; I like it better without sugar in it.我不喜欢加糖的咖啡,里边不加糖我更喜欢.
2.without+宾语+副词
I'd be lost without you here.没有你在这儿,我会一筹莫展.
I'm very near-sighted without my glasses on.我要是不戴眼镜十分近视.
3.without+宾语+动名词
Without anyone noticing,he slipped through the window.无人注意,他从窗户溜了出去.
They debated for hours without a decision being taken.他们争论了几个小时,也没作出决定.
4.without+宾语+过去分词
Without another word exchanged,they started off.没有再交谈一句,他们就出发了.
5.without+宾语+不定式
Without anyone to help,how can we go on?没有人帮忙,我们怎么能进行下去?
It was boring to sit there without anything to do.无所事事地坐在那里太无聊了.
英语中的悬挂结构是什么意思
独立结构是带有自己逻辑主语的结构，又称独立主格结构。作为句子的一个语言单位，其行文简单明了，功能多样。
Ø
独立结构的形式
I.
名词（或主格结构）＋动词的非谓语动词形式
Here
are
the
first
two
volumes,
the
third
one
to
come
out
next
week.
The
plan
having
been
made,
what
is
important
is
to
put
it
into
practice.
The
duty
completed,
he
had
three
months’
leave.
II.
名词（或主格代词）＋形容词
He
entered
the
room,
his
nose
red
with
cold.
She
looked
at
him
expectantly,
her
eyes
full
of
excitement
and
curiosity.
III.
名词（或主格代词）＋介词短语
I
stood
at
his
left,
my
finger
on
the
button,
waiting
for
the
order.
The
teacher
entered
the
classroom,
chalk
in
one
hand,
(a)
textbook
in
the
other.
IV.
名词（或主格代词）＋副词
Class
over,
all
the
students
went
out
from
the
classroom.
He
put
on
his
socks,
wrong
side
out.
V.
名词（或主格代词）＋名词
His
first
shot
failed,
he
fired
again.
She
sat
alone
in
the
room,
her
only
company
a
dying
fire.
注意：以上独立结构都可以看成是带being的分词复合结构的省略形式。加入being就变成了分词的复合结构。如：
Here
are
the
first
two
volumes,
the
third
one
(being)
to
come
out
next
week.
He
entered
the
room,
his
nose
(being)
red
with
cold.
I
stood
at
his
left,
my
finger
(being)
on
the
button,
waiting
for
the
order.
VI.
介词with或without引导的独立结构
这种独立结构的一般构成为：with/without+名/代词＋(分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语)，如：
With
the
old
man
leading,
the
two
started
towards
the
mountains.
She
felt
nervous,
with
all
eyes
fixed
on
her.
Never
sleep
with
the
window
open
in
the
winter.
With
John
away,
we’ve
got
more
room.
With
five
minutes
to
go
before
the
last
train
left,
we
arrived
at
the
station.
His
wife
came
down
the
stairs,
with
her
two-year-old
son
in
her
arms.
VII.
“There
being
+名词”
结构
There
being
no
money
left,
we
have
to
change
our
plan.
There
being
no
spare
parts,
the
equipment
could
not
be
repaired
at
once.
Ø
独立结构的句法功能
独立结构在句中多作状语，表示时间、条件、原因、方式、伴随或补充说明，偶尔也作定语或主语（如最后两例句），如：
The
bell
ringing,
all
the
pupils
went
into
the
classroom.
Weather
permitting，the
football
match
will
be
played
next
Sunday.
The
question
being
rather
difficult,
we
must
take
time
to
consider
it
carefully.
The
brave
man
fought
the
man-eating
tiger,
a
stick
his
only
weapon.
How
can
I
work
with
you
making
all
that
noise?
The
war
was
over,
without
a
shot
being
fired.
A
little
boy
with
two
of
his
front
teeth
missing
ran
into
the
room.
Jenny
in
trouble
was
the
reason
for
my
rushing
there.
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