本文目录
英语语法基础知识大全时态
(1)一般现在时:
一般现在时的构成
1. be动词:主语+be(am, is, are)+其它。如: I am a boy. 我是一个男孩。
2. 行为动词:主语+行为动词(+其它)。 如: We study English. 我们学习英语。
当主语为第三人称单数(he, she, it)时,要在动词后加"-s"或"-es"。如:Mary likes Chinese.玛丽喜欢汉语。
动词+s的变化规则
1.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:cook-cooks, milk-milks
2.以s. x. sh. ch. o结尾,加-es,如:guess-guesses, wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes
3.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:study-studies
(2)一般过去时:
动词过去式详解 动词的过去式的构成规则有:
A、规则动词
① 一般直接在动词的后面加ed:如 worked , learned , cleaned , visited
② 以e结尾的动词直接加d:如 lived , danced , used
③ 以辅音字母加y结尾的动词要改y为i再加ed(此类动词较少)如 study – studied carry – carried worry – worried (注意play、stay不是辅音字母加y,所以不属于此类)
④ 双写最后一个字母(此类动词较少)如 stopped
B、不规则动词(此类词并无规则,须熟记)小学阶段要记住以下动词的原形和过去式:sing – sang , eat – ate ,
see – saw , have – had , do – did , go – went , take – took , buy – bought , get – got , read – read ,fly – flew , am/is – was ,
are – were , say – said , leave – left , swim – swam , tell – told , draw – drew , come – came , lose – lost , find – found , drink – drank , hurt – hurt , feel – felt
(3)一般将来时:
基本结构:
①be going to + do;
②will+ do. be going to = will
I am going to go swimming tomorrow(明天). = I will go swimming tomorrow.
(4)现在进行时: am,is,are+动词现在分词
动词现在分词详解 动词的.ing形式的构成规则:
① 一般的直接在后面加上ing , 如doing , going , working , singing , eating
② 以e 结尾的动词,要先去e再加ing ,如having , writing
③ 双写最后一个字母的(此类动词极少)有:running , swimming , sitting , getting.
work和have行为动词的所有变化形式分别有哪些
worked—过去式,works—第三人称单数working—现在分词,had—过去式,having—现在分词,has—第三人称单数
一般现在时动词的变化规则是什么
动词变化规则:
1、单三形式(一般现在时)
四变(四种变化形式)
①直接加s
②结尾是o,s,x,ch,sh的加es
③以y结尾的单词,y前是原因直接加s;y前是辅音变y为i加es
④have变has
2、现在分词(进行时)
四变(四种变化形式)
①直接加ing
②重读闭音节且只有一个辅音字母的单词,双写末字母加ing
③去掉结尾不发音的e,加ing
④变ie为y加ing
动词分类
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词,系动词,助动词 。
实义动词是具体地表示动作行为,存在,心理活动的动词。其中有一类趋向动词可以单独作谓语,如“月亮下去了,太阳还没有出来”。还经常用在别的动词或形容词后边表示趋向,作趋向补语。如“拿<出>一本书”、“拿<出来>一本书”、“拿<出>一本书<来>”。
示例:表示动作行为:说(say)、看(see)、走(walk)、听(listen)、笑(laugh)、拿(take)、飞翔(fly)、跑(run)、吃(eat)、唱(sing)、喝(drink)、敲(knock)、坐(sit)、吆喝(yell)、盯(stare)、踢(kick)、闻(smell)。
表示心理活动:想、爱、恨、怕、想念、打算、喜欢、希望、害怕、担心、讨厌、觉得、思考。
表示存在、发展、变化、消失:在、死、有、等于、发生、演变、发展、生长、死亡、存在、消灭。
英语什么是行为动词
动词可以分为四类:行为动词(或称实义动词)、连系动词、情态动词以及助动词。今天主要说说行为动词的用法。
1. 不及物动词:不能直接跟宾语,常须加了介词后方能加宾语。
如:look at (for, after), get to (on), operate on, hear of, hear from, point to (at), worry about, knock at, play with, think about等。
2. 及物动词:后面必须跟宾语,意义才完整。
在及物动词 + 副词构成动副搭配时,代词放中间这一点同学们常易忘记,故应特别加以记忆。
如:turn on (√) turn on the radio (√) turn the radio on (√) turn on it (×) turn it on (√)
常见的动副搭配的词组有:put on, pick up, look up, wake up, try on, write down, move away, take away等。
3. 注意行为动词的几种变化形式:
原形 enjoy
第三人称单数 enjoys
过去式 enjoyed
过去分词 enjoyed
现在分词 enjoying
过去式,过去分词,同学们须熟记初中所学的不规则动词变化表。
现在分词的变化方法,一般是直接在动词后加ing,有几个特殊的可加以记忆:lie-lying, die-dying。
要双写的单词有:
一个m (swim-swimming)
一个g (dig-digging)
三个n (run-running, win-winning, begin-beginning)
三个p (stop-stopping, shop-shopping, drop-dropping)
还有六个t (sit-sitting, hit-hitting, get-getting, let-letting, put-putting, forget-forgetting)
同学们特别应注意forget, begin这种双音节单词。
另外,eat, wait这两个词不是重读闭音节,故不能双写加ing,这也是同学们易犯的错误。
4. 请区别几组易混淆的同义动词:
第一组:look-see-watch-read
look 看 look at the bird
see 看见 see a film
watch 观看、注视 watch TV, watch a football match
read 读,阅读 read a book, read newspapers
第二组:say-speak-talk-tell
say 说(不及物动词)①say to sb. , (后跟引语) ②say it again (后常跟it)
speak 讲,发言(不及物动词)①speak at the meeting ②learn to speak ③speak English
talk 谈话(不及物动词)①talk about sth.(谈论某事) ②talk with sb.(和某人交谈)
tell 告诉,讲(及物动词)
①tell sb. to do sth. / tell sb. not to do sth
②tell sb. about sth. (后常跟某人)
③tell the time “报时”/ tell a story “讲故事”
第三组:borrow-lend
borrow 借进(短暂动词)
①borrow sth. (借某物) ②borrow sth. from sb. (向某人借某物)
如May I borrow your bike? Mine is broken.
lend 借出(短暂动词)lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb.(把某物借给某人)
如:You mustn't lend it to others.
keep 借(一段时间),常与一段时间的时间状语连用,为延续性动词。
如:How long may I keep it?
第四组:bring-take
bring 带来(表示从远处拿到说话的地点来),常与here, me 搭配
如:Please bring my hat to me tomorrow.
take 带走(表示从说话地点拿到远处去),常与there, away搭配
如:Take your raincoat with you. It's going to rain.
第五组:listen-hear
listen 听 不及物,常与介词to连用
如:I listened carefully, but heard nothing.
hear 听到 及物 后直接跟宾语
hear from sb 收到某人的来信
如:Jim's mother haven't heard from him for a long time.
hear of 听说
如:Have you heard of the news?
第六组 look for-find-find out
look for 寻找 (强调动作)
find 找到 发现(强调结果)
如:We looked for him everywhere but didn't find him.
find out 查明(通过调查研究找到事实的真相)
如:Can you find out who broke the window?
第七组:put on-wear-dress
put on 穿上(强调动作)
如:It's cold outside. Please put on your coat.
wear 穿着(强调状态)
如:Lucy is wearing a blue sweater today.
dress 打扮,给...穿衣服
①dress sb. / oneself 给某人(或自己)穿衣
②get dressed 穿好衣服
③dress up 打扮,穿上盛装
如:She often dresses up in a red skirt.
第八组:forget-leave
forget 忘了某物
如:I forgot to tell you about it.
leave 把某物忘在某地
如:Kate left her key to her room at home.
5. 有些及物动词后可以跟双宾语即直接宾语(表物)和间接宾语(表人),间接宾语通常位于直接宾语之前,若颠倒两者的位置,则通常在间接宾语前加一个介词(to或for)。
draw sth. for sb. pass sth. to sb.
make sth. for sb. give sth. to sb.
mend sth. for sb. lend sth. to sb.
buy sth. for sb. show sth. to sb.
get sth. for sb. bring sth. to sb.
cook sth. for sb. take sth. to sb.
keep sth. for sb. write sth. to sb.
return sth. for sb. send sth. to sb.
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