本文目录
形容词和副词用法总结归纳讲解
摘要: 形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。
形容词和副词的英语语法讲解
一、形容词及其用法
1、形容词修饰名词
形容词修饰名词,说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常,可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类,其位置不一定都放在名词前面。
1)直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词,它有级的变化,可以用程度副词修饰,在句中可作定语、表语和补语。例如:hot。
2)叙述形容词只能作表语,所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化,也不可用程度副词修饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如:
afraid 害怕的。
(错) He is an ill man.
(对) The man is ill.
(错) She is an afraid girl.
(对) The girl is afraid.
这类词还有: well,unwell,ill,faint,afraid,alike,alive,alone,asleep,awake 等。
3)形容词作定语修饰名词时,要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时,要放在这些词之后。例如:something nice.
2、以-ly结尾的形容词
1) 大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly,deadly,lovely,lonely,likely,lively,ugly,brotherly,仍为形容词。
改错:
(错) She sang lovely.
(错) He spoke to me very friendly.
(对) Her singing was lovely.
(对) He spoke to me in a very friendly way.
2)有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词,也为副词,如
daily,weekly,monthly,yearly,early等。例如:
The Times is a weekly paper. 《时代周刊》为周刊。
The Times is published weekly. 《时代周刊》每周发行一期。
3 、用形容词表示类别和整体
1) 某些形容词加上定冠词可以泛指一类人,与谓语动词的复数连接,如
the dead,the living,the rich,the poor,the blind,the hungry等。
例如:
The poor are losing hope. 穷人行将失去希望。
2) 有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体,与动词的复数连用,如the British,the English,the French,the Chinese等。例如:
The English have wonderful sense of humor. 英国人颇有幽默感。
4、 多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时,其顺序为:限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色)--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如:
a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car
典型例题:
1) Tony is going camping with ___ boys.
A.little two other B. two little other
C.two other little D.little other two
答案:C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--(大小,长短,形状,新旧,颜色) --性质--名词"的顺序可知数词,描绘词,性质依次顺序,只有C符合答案。
2) One day they crossed the __ bridge behind the palace.
A. old Chinese stone
B. Chinese old stone
C. old stone Chinese
D. Chinese stone old
答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词,他们的排列顺序是:年龄,形状,大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。
3) ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao?
---- It was great. We visited some friends,and spent the ___days at the seaside.
A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last
答案:B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词;如果几个形容词的重要性差不多,音节少的形容词在前,音节多的方在后,在不能确定时,可参照:限定词+数量词(序数词在前,基数词在后)+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词,如
those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。
英语语法基础知识大全
建议你多看英语电影
有利于你的口语和提高语感
你的问题 TO有几种情况有固定搭配比如have to
有接目的的比如 I WANT TO GO HOME
主动形式 被动形式
一般式 (not) to do(not) to be done
进行式 (not) to be doing无被动
完成式 (not) to have done ( not) to have been done
用法
一般现在时的用法
1)表示经常性,习惯性的动作;表示现在的状态,特征 和真理。句中常用often, usually, every day等时间状语,例如:
He goes to school every day. (经常性动作)
He is very happy.(现在的状态)
The earth moves around the sun. (真理)
2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用现在时表示将来,例如:
If you come this afternoon, we’ll have a meeting.
When I graduate, I’ll go to the countryside.
Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped.
3)有时这个时态表示按计划,规定要发生的动作。(句中都带有时间状语词)但仅限于少数动词,如:begin come, leave, go, arrive, start, stop, return, open, close等,例如:
The meeting begins at seven.
The train starts at nine in the morning.
4)表示状态和感觉的动词。如be, like, hate, think, remember, find, sound等常用一般现在时。例如:
I like English very much.
The story sounds interesting.
5)书报的标题,小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时。
2. 一般过去时的用法
1)表示过去某时发生的事,存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作。
He saw Mr.Wang yesterday.
He worked in a factory in 1986.
2)表示过去经常发生的动作,也可用“used to”和“would+动词原形”。例如:
I used to smoke.
During the vacation I would swim in the sea.
注意:used to表示过去常发生而现在不发生的动作或 存在的状态。另外“be used to+名词(动名词)”表示 “习惯于…… ”。例如:
I am used to the climate here.
He is used to swimming in winter.
3. 一般将来时的用法
一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态,其表达形式除了“will或shall+动词原形”外,还有以下几种形式。
1)“to be going to+动词原形”, 表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事。例如:
It is going to rain.
We are going to have a meeting today.
2)go, come, start, move, sail, leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作。例如:
I’m leaving for Beijing.
3)be to+动词原形”表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见。例如:
Are we to go on with this work?
The boy is to go to school tomorrow.
4)“be about to+动词原形”表示即将发生的动作。例如:
We are about to leave.
4. 现在进行时的用法
1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作,由“to be+现在分词”构成。例如:
What are you doing?
2)表示感觉,愿望和状态的某些动词,如have, be, hear, see, like等词一般不用进行时。
5. 过去进行时的用法
1)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻,某一阶段正进行的动作,由“was (were)+现在分词”构成。例如:
In 1980 he was studying in a university.
He was reading a novel when I came in.
6. 现在完成时的用法
现在完成时由“have+过去分词”构成。其使用有两种情况:
1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成,而对现在有影响。句中没有明显时间状语。例如:
He has gone to Fuyang . (说话人认为他不在该地)
He has been to Fuyang. (说话人认为他在该地)
)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去,持续到现在,也许还会持续下去。常用for和since表示一段时间的状语或so far, now, today, this week (month, year)等表示包括现在时间在内的状语。例如:
He has studied English for 5 years.
He has studied English since 1985.
Now I have finished the work.
注意:表示短暂时间动作的词,如:come, go, die, marry, buy等的完成时不能与for, since等表示一段时间的词连用。
3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中,表示将来某时完成的动作。例如:
I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework.
If it has stopped snowing in the morning, we will go to the park.
7. 过去完成时的用法
)过去完成时由“had+过去分词” 构成,过去完成时的动作表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作状态。句中常用by, before, until, when等词引导的时间状语。例如:
By the end of last year we had built five new houses.
I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.
2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。例如:
Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.
8)过去将来时的用法
过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看将要发生的动作或状态。过去将来时由“should或would+动词原形”构成。第一人称用should,其他人称用would.例如:
They were sure that they would succeed.
9)现在完成进行时的用法
现在完成进行时由“have (has)+been+现在分词”构成,表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词,如work, study, live, teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多。例如:
I have worked here for three years.
I have been working here for three years.
但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思。例如:
I have written a letter(已写完)
I have been writing a letter(还在写)
注意:表示短暂动作的动词,如finish, marry, get up, come go等不能用这种时态
宾语从句
在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句.宾语从句分为三类:动词的宾语从句,介词的宾语从句和形容词的宾语从句.
1.宾语从句的连接词
从属连词
连接宾语从句的从属连词主要有that,if,whether.
that引导表示陈述句的宾语从句,而if和whether引导表示“是否”的宾语从句.
He told that he would go to the college the next year
他告诉我他下一年上大学.
I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.
我不知道是否还会有公交车.
Nobody knew whether he could pass the exam.
没人知道他是否会通过考试.
连接代词
连接代词主要有who, whom ,whose ,what ,whoever ,whomever ,whosever, whatever, whichever等.
连接代词一般指疑问,但what, whatever除了指疑问外,也可以指陈述.
Do you know who has won Red Alert game?
你知道谁赢了这一局红警游戏吗?
I don’t know whom you should depend on.
我不知道你该依靠谁.
The book will show you what the best CEOs know.
这本书会告诉你最好的执行总裁该了解些什么.
Have you determined whichever you should buy,a Motorola or Nokia cell phone?
你决定好是买诺基亚还是摩托罗拉的电话了吗?
连接副词
连接副词主要有when,where,why,how,whenever,wherever,however等.
He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.
他没有告诉我什么时候我们能再见面.
Could you please tell me how you read the new panel?
你能展示给我怎么用这个新的操作盘吗?
None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.
没有人知道这些的新的零件能在哪里买到.
2.动词的宾语从句
大多数动词都可以带宾语从句
We all expect that they will win , for members of their team are stronger.
我们都预料他们会赢,因为他们的队员更强壮.
He told us that they would help us though the whole work.
他告诉我们在整个工作中,他都会帮忙的.
部分“动词+副词”结构也可以带宾语从句
I have found out that all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.
我发现这场音乐会的所有票都买光了.
Can you work out how much we will spend during the trip?
你能计算出这次旅行我们将花费多少钱吗?
动词短语也可以带宾语从句
常见的这些词有:
make sure确保 make up one’s mind下决心 keep in mind牢记
Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you turn them in.
在上交试卷前确保没有任何错误.
可运用形式宾语it代替的宾语从句
①动词find,feel,consider,make,believe等后面有宾语补足语的时候,则需要用it做形式宾语而将that宾语从句后置.
I think it necessary that we take plenty of hot water every day .
我认为每天多喝开水是有必要的.
I feel it a pity that I haven’t been to the get-together.
我没去聚会,感觉非常遗憾.
I have made it a rule that I keep diaries.
我每天写日记成了习惯.
We all find it important that we (should) make a quick decision about this mater.
我们都认为对这件事马上做出决定很重要.
②有些动词带宾语从句时寻要在宾语与从句前加it
这类动词主要有:hate, take , owe, have, see to.
I hate it when they with their mouths full of food.
我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话.
He will have it that our plan is really practical.
他会认为我们的计划确实可行.
I take it that you will agree with us.
我们认为你会同意我们的.
When you start the engine, you must see to it that car is in neutral.
开启发动机时, 一定要使汽车的离合器处于空挡位置.
③若宾语从句是wh-类,则不可用it代替
We all consider what you said to be unbelievable.
我们都认为你所说的是不可信的.
We discovered what we had learned to be valuable.
我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有用的.
3.介词的宾语从句
用wh-类的介词宾语从句
We are talking about whether we admit students into our club.
我们正在讨论是否让学生加入我们的俱乐部.
The new book is about how Shenzhou 6 manned spaceship was sent up into space.
这本新书是关于神州6号载人航天飞船是如何升如太空的.
用that,if引导的介词宾语从句
有时候except,but,besides三个介词后可见到that引导的宾语从句
I know nothing about my new neighbor except that he used to work with a company.
对于我的新邻居我只知道他曾在一家公司上班,其他一无所知.
4.形容词的宾语从句
常用来引导宾语从句的形容词有: sure,certain,glad,please,happy,sorry,afraid,satisfied,surprised
I am sure I will pass the exam.
我确信我会通过考试.
I am sorry that I have troubled you so long.
很抱歉我这么长时间在打扰你.
He is glad that Li Ming went to see him when he was ill.
他很高兴在他生病的时候李明能去看望他.
5.if,wheter在宾语从句中的区别
①if和whether在作“是否”解时,引导宾语从句常放在动词know,ask,care,wonder,find out等之后,介词后一般不用if
②少数动词,如:leave,put,discuss,doubt后的宾语从句常用whether.
③whether后可以加or not,但是if不可以.
④在不定式前只能用whether.
⑤避免歧异时,我们常用whether而不用if.
6.哪些宾语从句不可以省略引导词that
当that作learn,suggest,explain,agree,wonder,prove,mean,state,feel,hold等动词的宾语时;
当宾语从句较长时;
当主语状语置于主句尾,宾语从句之前时;
当主语谓语动词(包括非谓语动词)与宾语从句之间有插入语时;
当一个动词带有两个或两个以上宾语从句时,此时第一个that可以省略,第二个that不可以省略;
当宾语从句中的主语是this,that或this,that做主语的定语时;
当宾语从句是双宾语中的直接宾语时;
当宾语从句的主语是非谓语动词或主语从句时;
当主语中的谓语动词是固定词组时;
当宾语从句有it做其先行词时;
在直接引语中,转述分句把宾语从句隔开时.
7.宾语从句的否定转移
主句是谓语动词是think,believe,imagine,suppose,consider,espect,fancy,guess等,并且主句的主语是第一人称而且为一般现在时,从句的否定词一般要转移到主句上来,其反义疑问句一般与宾语从句一致.
I don’t think he will come to my party.而不能说成I think he won’t come to my party.
我认为他不会来我的舞会.
I don’t believe that man is killed by Jim,is he?
我认为那个人不是Jim所杀的,是不是?
如果宾语从句中有某个含有否定意义的形容词或副词,其反义疑问句要用肯定形式.
We find that he never listens to the teacher carefully,does he?
我们发现他从来不仔细听老师讲课,是不是?
8.宾语从句的时态和语序
当主句为现在时或将来时的时候,宾语从句的时候一般不受主句的时态所影响.
当主句为过去时的时候
①从句用一般过去时或过去进行时表示与主句谓语动词动作同时发生
I only knew he was studying in a western country,but I didn’t know what country he was in.
我只知道他当时在西方的一个国家读书,可不知道是哪个国家.
He asked me if I was reading the story The Old Man and the Sea when he was in.
他问我他进来的时候我是否在读<老人与海>.
②从句过去完成时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之前
He told me that he had told Mary about the meeting already.
他告诉我他已经把有关会议的事情告诉的了Mary.
③从句谓语用过去将来时表示该动作发生在主句谓语动作之后
The reporter asked if the government would take necessary measures to put down the to-do.
记者问政府是否会采取必要的措施镇压骚乱.
如果从句是一个客观真理,那么从句的时候不根据主句的时态而变化
The teacher said that the moon goes around the earth yesterday.
老师昨天说月亮绕着地球转.
当宾语从句的引导词是who,which,what,when,where,how,why等表疑问时,不能按正常语序安排,经常将这类引导词置于句首
Who do you think the public might choose as their favorite singer this year?
你认为今年公众会选谁为他们最喜欢的歌手.
宾语从句,即:在主句中担当宾语的从句。学习宾语从句要抓住三要素:连接词、语序和时态。
连接词一般都是that(指事务或人),which(指事),who(指人)
1.从句为陈述句,常选择连接词that或将that省略,直接与主句相连。
2.从句为一般疑问句,常选择连接词if或whether。在whether…ornot结构中不能用if替换。
3.从句为特殊疑问句,常选择what,when,where,which,who,how等的疑问代、副词作连接词。
注意:当who为主语时,句式为:who+谓语+其他三:判断时态情况:
1。主句是一般现在时,从句为各种时态情况
2。主句是一般过去时,从句为各种相应过去时态注意:从句描绘客观事实,用一般现在时
比较级
一般单音节词和少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词,比较级在后面加-er,最高级在后面加-est;
最后建议你先培养学习的兴趣再学会更轻松
谢谢
英语语法指导心得
英语语法指导
我大学时候不爱学英语,毕业后碰巧接触到一本英语幽默大全(Humor Quotations),于是一发而不可收,16年如一日潜心研究英语幽默,搜集积累了几万条幽默句子和大量笑话,建立了通过幽默句子学习语法、单词和口语的体系。
比如面向高中,紧扣高考考点,用这些生动实用的幽默句子来阐述语法,记忆单词,即提高了学生的兴趣,使他们愿意学,又印象深刻,同时又培养了学生创新思维能力、乐观的人生态度和幽默地表达方式,肯定会让他们受益一生。面向好学生,用不同的幽默句子来讲解不同的语法现象,让他们学习大量的实用幽默句子;而针对学习一般的学生用尽量少的幽默句子让他们掌握高考语法和单词。当然,任何产品和方法都是在不断的完善提高过程中,我希望对此感兴趣的老师和同学和我联系,我们共同学习,共同进步。下面讲解时间状语从句。
时间状语从句
一、when, while和as
1.When既可引导一个持续动作,也可引导一个短暂动作,可用于主句和从句动作同时发生或从句动作先于主句动作。当主句是将来时,从句的时态用现在时。(when在实际中用得最多)
I told my children when Lincoln was your age he walked twelve
miles to school everyday. But my son said, “That’s nothing. When he was your age, he was president.”
我告诉我的孩子:当林肯你那么大岁数时他每天走12英里去学校,我儿子说,“那没什么,当他你那么大岁数时已经当总统了”。
there’s a side to President Reagan that people don’t know. When he was a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare. Of course, when Reagan was young, Shakespeare hadn’t written all that
里根总统还有一面人们并不知道,年轻时他曾读过莎士比亚全集——当然里根年轻时莎士比亚还没写那么多。
注:讽刺里根读书少,岁数大。
当when引导的时间状语从句为系表结构,而且其主语和主句的主语一致,其标语又是一个名词,就可以以as引导的省略句来代替when引导的从句。如:
As a young man, he read complete works of Shakespeare.
他年轻时读过莎士比亚全集。
When the game is finished, the king and the pawn[卒] go into to the same box.
游戏结束时,国王和士兵进入同一个盒子。
注:人生就象一场游戏,游戏结束时,亿万富翁也好,平头百姓也好都进入一样大小的棺材(或骨灰盒)。Finish为短暂动作,从句动作先于主句动作。
场景再现:在筹集善款的晚会上,可以这么调侃:
How noisy an audience can be when you ask for quiet ____ and how quiet it can be when you ask for money.
(多么令人惊奇啊,)当你要求安静时听众乱烘烘的——当你要钱时全场一片寂静。
2.While引导的动作必须是持续性的,侧重主句动作和从句动作相对比。如:
Plumber(水暖工): I’m sorry I was late.
Man: While we were waiting for you, I taught my wife how to swim.
水暖工:很抱歉我来晚了。
男人:我们等你的时候,我教我太太学游泳。
高中英语语法:动词的时态
【编者按】为您整理了英语语法,希望对广大考生朋友学习英语有一定的帮助!
动词的时态
一. 概念:
时态是英语谓语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中的`时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态,但中学阶段较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英在完成时和现在完成进行时.
二.相关知识点精讲
1.一般现在时的用法
1) 经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语连用。时间状语: every…, sometimes, at…, on Sunday。例如:
I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七点离开家。
2) 客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:
The earth moves around the sun. 地球绕太阳转动。
Shanghai lies in the east of China. 上海位于中国东部。
3) 表示格言或警句。例如:
Pride goes before a fall. 骄者必败。
注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时,从句谓语也要用一般现在时。
例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实了地球是圆的。
4) 现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:
I don't want so much. 我不要那么多。
Ann writes good English but does not speak well. 安英语写得不错,讲的可不行。
比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup. 把糖放入杯子。
I am doing my homework now. 我正在做功课。
第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志,表示正在进行的动作的客观状况,所以后句用一般现在时。
before long与long before
高考临近,我为大家准备了些高考词汇的辨别,希望大家能从中获益!
■before long 不久,很快。如:
I’ll be back before long. 不久我就回来。
Before long he got married. 不久他就结婚了。
■long before
(1) 老早,早就(单独使用,表示比过去某时早得多的时间)。如:
She had left long before. 她老早就离开了。
That had happened long before. 那事老早就发生了。
注:long ago 表示“很久以前”,指的是从现在算起的很久以前,通常与一般过去时连用:
I met him long ago. 我很久以前就认识他了。
(2) 在……的很久以前,在还没有……的很久以前。如:
She had left long before his return [he returned]. 在他回来的很久以前她就走了。
He had worked in the factory long before he got married. 在他还没有结婚的很久以前他就在这家工厂工作了。
注:此时的主句谓语通常用过去完成时,但有时也可用一般过去时(因为 before 已体现了动作的先后关系)。如:
This happened long before you were born. 这事在你还没出生以前很久就发生了。
■It is [was, will be] long before……在……前需要很久。如:
It was long before he came back. 过了好久他才回来。
It won’t be long before we see each other. 不久我们又会见面的。
比较:
It wasn’t long before he realized his mistake. / Before long he realized his mistake. 不久他意识到了自己的错误。
英语课外阅读:冲破黎明前的黑暗_课外阅读
除了课堂上的学习外,平时的积累与练习也是学生提高成绩的重要途径,本文为大家提供了英语课外阅读:冲破黎明前的黑暗,祝大家阅读愉快。
When Difficulties Arise, "Hang In There".
Difficulties arise in the lives of us all. What is most important is dealing with the hard times, coping with the changes, and getting through to the other side where the sun is still shining just for you.
It takes a strong person to deal with tough times and difficult choices. But you are a strong person.
It takes courage. But you possess the inner courage to see you through.
It takes being an active participant in your life. But you are in the driver's seat, and you can determine the direction you want tomorrow to go in.
Hang in there... and take care to see that you don't lose sight of the one thing that is constant, beautiful, and true: Everything will be fine---and it will turn out that way because of the special kind of person you are.
You're listening to Faith Radio Online-Simply to Relax, I'm Faith. So...beginning today and lasting a lifetime through -- Hang in there, and don't be afraid to feel like the morning sun is shining...just for you.
;英语老师非常幽默把语法讲得惟妙惟肖的英文
A:“惟妙惟肖”指描写或模仿的非常逼真,与“把语法讲得”不搭配,用词错误;
B:“收敛”收拢的意思,句中指奶奶收拢了笑容,用词正确;
C:“建树”指在事业上有很大成就,与“平凡工作中的意义”意义相对,用词正确;
D:“鹤立鸡群”指一个人的仪表或才能在周围人群里突出,用词正确.
故选:A
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