本文目录
现在分词属于什么词性
定语，表语，补语，状语。
现在分词（present participle）（又称-ing形式，现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，现在分词在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语，状语）。
与动名词的关系
动名词在形式上与现在分词相同，都是在动词原形的词末加-ing。两者的不同之处在于动名词更接近名词，而现在分词更接近形容词或副词。
存在着一些难以区分的情况，如某些复合结构，以及spend time watching TV，be busy preparing for the coming year这种既可以用省略介词也可以用现在分词来分析的情况。因而在现代语法中，这两种形式被同视为"-ing形式"。
现在分词是什么
现在分词是分词的一种，分为现在分词和过去分词，它们是非限定动词。
现在分词在句子里面不能充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语），并且它们具有动词的性质（可以有自己的宾语和状语），所以又是类动词的一种。现在分词可以表示主动或正在进行的动作，这通常与过去分词区分开来。
现在分词的变化规则
1、一般直接加ing。
2、e结尾的，去掉e, 加ing。
3、以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节，双写最后一个辅音字母，再加ing。
这里的条件都必须满足：一个辅音字母结尾＋重度音节＋闭音节：（辅元辅结构）。
此外还需要注意的是现在分词作表语时相当于形容词，不可与构成进行时态和被动语态中的分词混淆起来。它们的形式一样但可以从意义上予以区别。
什么是现在分词
现在分词
一 现在分词的结构：
现在分词就是动词加上ing 构成，下面是各种时态和语态的构成:
主动语态 被动语态
一般现在时 Doing Being done
现在完成时 Having done Having been done
例句：
1 The girl sitting in the front is my cousin.
2 Having fulfilled the mission, they returned to their company.
3 Being protected by his bodyguard, he felt safe wherever he went.
4 Having been invited, she had to go.
二 现在分词的功能：
A 作表语:
当现在分词作表语时， 现在分词可以简单地被看作是形容词。
The news is interesting.
The problem is confusing.
His speech is encouraging.
区别:
{ a His speech is encouraging.
b He is encouraging me now.
a 中encouraging是形容词表示主语的特征。
b 中encouraging是现在进行时表示主语发出的动作。
B 作定语：
当现在分词作定语时，它相当于一个定语从句。
互换 { In my hometown, there is a factory making cars.
In my hometown, there is a factory that makes cars.
互换 { The girl writing a letter is good at English.
The girl who is writing a letter is good at English.
互换 { The problem being discussed is very important.
The problem that is being discussed is very important.
注意：
• 通常情况下，单个的现在分词放在被修饰词的前面，现在分词短语放在被修饰词的后面。
This is a piece of encouraging news.
This is a piece of news encouraging us to work hard.
• 像非限定定语从句用逗号隔开一样，现在分词也有非限定形式---用逗号隔开。
互换 { His daughter, who is working in the hospital, is going to study abroad.
His daughter, working in the hospital, is going to study abroad.
C 作状语：
当现在分词作状语时，它相当于一个状语从句。
互换 { Leaving the airport, he waved to us again and again.
When he left the airport, he waved to us again and again.
互换 { Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Because she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
互换 { Turning to the right, you will find the hospital.
If you turn to the right, you will find the hospital.
互换 { Knowing where his uncle lives, he never goes to see him.
Although he knows where his uncle lives, he never goes to see him.
注意：
有时候我们可以在现在分词前面加上连词。意思和不加连词一样。
互换 { When he left the airport, he waved to us again and again.
Leaving the airport, he waved to us again and again.
When leaving the airport, he waved to us again and again.
互换 { Because she saw nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
Because seeing nobody at home, she decided to leave them a note.
D 作宾语补足语和主语补足语（进一步地补充说明宾语，主语是一个什么样子）：
宾语补足语 { I heard him….
I heard him crying in the corner.
主语补足语
{ He was heard….
He was heard crying in the corner.
区别：
a I heard him sing a pop song in the room.
b I heard him singing a pop song in the room.
a是省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语来表示结果---宾语作了某事。
b是现在分词作宾语补足语来表示正在进行的动作---宾语正在干某事。
E 作独立主格:
当我们在使用现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作发出者必须和主句谓语动词的动作发出者是同一个人或物。如果动作发出者不是同一人或物，不能使用现在分词，必须使用独立主格。
对: Standing on the top of the hill, I found the city very beautiful.
I---standing AND I---found
错: Standing on the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful.
I----standing BUT the city---looks
改正:
使用独立主格
I standing on the top of the hill, the city looks very beautiful.
• 独立主格的更多例子：
He walked over to me, a dog following him.
Class being over, the children went home.
Weather permitting, we will go outing next week.
His teacher having gone away to a conference, they did not have classes this week.
现在分词和doing有什么区别
在讲现在分词与动名词的区别之前，先说一下现在分词与动名词的格式。它们的格式完全相同，如下：
* 一般形式: doing
* 完成形式: having done
* 一般形式的被动形式: being done
* 完成形式的被动形式: having been done
* 否定形式: 在前边加上not, 如not doing 和 not having done
虽然现在分词与动名词的格式完成相同，但它们在句子中的作用却是有明显的区别的。
1. 动名词相当于名词，所以在句子中可以充当的成分与名词类似，即主要充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。而现在分词的作用类似于副词和形容词，在句子主要充当状语、定语、补语、表语等。
Hearing the noise, they immediately stopped talking. 一听到有声音，他们立刻就停止谈话。(现在分词作状语)
He asked an embarrassing question. 他提了一个令人难堪的问题。(现在分词作定语)
I felt somebody patting me on my shoulder. 我感觉到有人拍了拍我的肩膀。 (现在分词作宾语补足语）
Growing roses is her hobby. 种玫瑰是她的爱好。 (动名词作主语）
She like talking very much. 她很喜欢讲话。 (动名词作宾语）
He insisted on writing at once. 我坚持马上就写。 (动名词作介词宾语）
2. 现在分词作定语时可以位于名词之前，也可以位于名词之后作后置定语。
We need to keep up with the fast changing world. 我们需要跟上快速变化的世界。
The girl singing in the next room is my friend. 隔壁房间正在唱歌的女孩是我的朋友。
现在分词作定语时，与动名词构成的合成词是有区别的。现在分词一般表示所修饰的名词的动作，而动名词表示用途，目的等。如:
现在分词:
a flying bird 飞行的鸟
a swimming boy 正在游泳的男孩
动名词:
waiting room 候车室
a swimming suit 泳衣
3. 虽然现在分词和动名词都可以作表语，但意义上也是有区别的。现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，而动名词作表语则相当于名词作表语。试比较下面的句子。
The job is tiring. 这工作很累人。 (现在分词作表语)
The street there is disgusting. 那里的街道令人恶心。(现在分词作表语)
He hobby is painting. 他的爱好是画画。 (动名词作表语）
One of her duties is keeping the files. 她的职责之一是管理档案。 (动名词作表语)
从上面的例句可以看出，动名词作表语是用于说明主语是什么（即用于定义主语）；而现在分词作表语相当于形容词作表语，用于说明主语的性质、特征等。
另外，由于现在分词类似于副词与形容词，所以前边常可以有副词修饰语，而动名词则较少这样用。如：
The reason he gave was very convincing. 他给出的理由很有说服力。
The difference was most striking. 差别很明显。
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