本文目录
lie的过去式和过去分词,现在分词形式
现在分词（Present Participle）(又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ,是分词的一种,分词又分为现在分词和过去分词,它们都是非限定动词,即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语,但能充当其它的一些成分（定语,表语,补语和状语）,并且它们具有动词的性质,所以又是类动词的一种.
一.构成形式
doing （特殊的略） 现在分词表示主动的或进行的动作
二.时态与语态
一般式doing 一般被动式being done 完成式having done 完成被动式having been done
所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not 包括独立主格形式
三.可作成分
定语 状语 补语 表语
过去分词 规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成(具体规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表.
过去分词则属于类动词
1.及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还表示已完成了.
The cup is broken.茶杯破了.
2.不及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子主语是主动关系,表示主语的状态,只表示动作的完成.
He is retired.他已退休.
3.有些过去分词作表语时,构成的谓语很接近被动结构.
过去式 表示过去了的动作或事件.
表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的.动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词.规则动词的过去式变化如下：
（1）一般情况下,动词词尾加 -ed ,如：
worked played wanted acted
（2）以不发音的 -e 结尾动词,动词词尾加 -d,如：
lived moved decided declined hoped judged raised wiped
（3）以辅音字母 + y结尾的动词,把-y变为-i 再加-ed,如：
studied tried copied justified cried carried embodied emptied
（4）以一个辅音字母结尾的重读闭音节动词,双写词尾辅音字母,再加 -ed,如：
stopped begged fretted dragged dropped planned dotted dripped
（5）注：不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆.
go - went,make - made,get - got ,buy - bought ,come - came ,fly-flew ,is/am-was,are-were ,see-saw ,bring-brought,do-did,teach-taught,think-thought,are-were,say-said,sit-sat.read-read,spend-spent.
什么是现代分词英语
现在分词就是在动词原形后加上词尾-ing构成的一种动词形式.
一、现在分词
现在分词由动词加ing构成。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。
一、现在分词的两个基本特点。
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water 白开水， risen sun 升起的太阳）
2. 在语态上表示主动。例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级）
二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。
1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如：
① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.
③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech.
2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如：
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如：
① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.
② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如：
① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word.
②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈！”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。）
③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。）
2.慢跑 Slow-running 滑冰Skate 游泳Swimming 打篮球Play basketball 画画Draw (pictures) 唱歌Sing 购物Shop 阅读 Read
什么是现在分词和过去分词
现在分词（Present Participle，又称-ing形式、现在进行式) ，是分词的一种，分词又分为现在分词和过去分词，它们都是非限定动词，即在句子里面不能单独充当谓语，但能充当其它的一些成分（定语，表语，补语和状语），并且它们具有动词的性质，所以又是类动词的一种。一般式：doing； 一般被动式：being done； 完成式：havingdone； 完成被动式：having been done。 所有否定式都是在－ing前面加not ，包括独立主格形式。
其构成如下：
①直接在动词的后面加上ing，如do→doing，sing→singing，comfort→comforting
②以不发音的e结尾的动词，把e去掉，再加ing，如dance→dancing，hike→hiking
※注意※ 这里的e必须不发音，若发音，则不能去掉，如see→seeing
③最后一个闭音节重读且后面只有一个辅音字母的动词，双写这个辅音字母再加ing，如cut→cutting，swim→swimming
④以ie结尾的动词，要把ie变成y再加ing，如die→dying，lie→lying.不过也有y变ie加ing的。 ⑤以ic结尾的动词，要把ic变成ick再加ing，如picnic→picnicking，traffic→trafficking
以上规则用一句话概括成的口诀就是：直接双写去e，ie变y ing
现在分词的两个基本特点
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water沸水， risen sun 升起的太阳）
2. 在语态上表示主动。例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级）
过去分词：
规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加ed构成（具体规则见后），不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词则属于类动词：
1. 及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系，表示主语的状态，不但表示被动，还表示已完成了。 The cup is broken. 茶杯破了。
2. 不及物动词的过去分词作表语，与句子的主语是主动关系，表示主语的状态，只表示动作的完成。 He is retired. 他已退休。
3. 有些过去分词作表语时，构成的谓语很接近被动结构。
构成：主语+have/has+动词的过去分词(done)
1．规则动词：规则动词的过去分词的构成规则与规则动词的过去式的构成规则相同。四点变化规则：
(1)、一般动词，在词尾直接加“ ed ”。（然而要注意的是，过去分词并不是过去式） work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)、以“ e ”结尾的动词，只在词尾加“ d ”。 live---lived
(3)、以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词，将 "y" 变为 "i" ，再加“ ed ”。 study---studied---studied,cry---cried---cried,
(4)、重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母，先双写该辅音字母，再加“ ed ”。 stop---stopped---stopped,drop---dropped--dropped
2 、不规则动词，见不规则表如下：
一、A—A—A型，即原形、过去式和过去分词三者都相同。（共7个）
cost—cost—cost cut—cut—cut hit—hit—hit hurt—hurt—hurt let—let—let put—put—put read—read—read
二、A—B—B型，即过去式、过去分词相同。（共41个）
1．过去式和过去分词都含有 -ought。（4个） bring—brought—brought buy—bought—bought think—thought—thought fight-fought-fought
2．词尾有-ild，-end时，只需把d变为t。（4个） build—built—built lend—lent— lent send—sent—sent spend—spent— spent
3．过去式、过去分词都含有 -aught。（2个） catch—caught—caught teach—taught—taught
4．把-eep、-eel变为-ept、-elt。（4个） keep—kept—kept sleep—slept—slept sweep— swept—swept
5．把-ell变为-old。（2个） tell—told—told sell—sold—sold
6．把-ell、-ill变为-elt或-ilt。（4个） smell—smelt—smelt spell—spelt—spelt feel—felt— felt spill—spilt—spilt
7．把-eed、-ead、-eet变为-ed或-et。（4个） feed-fed-fed lead-led-led speed-sped-sped meet-met-met
8．过去式、过去分词都在原形词尾加t。（3个） learn—learnt—learnt mean—meant—meant spoil—spoilt—spoilt
9．过去式、过去分词词尾去y变-id（4个） say—said—said pay—paid—paid lay—laid—laid hear—heard—heard
10．改变元音字母。（11个） meet—met—met get—got—got sit—sat—sat find—found—found hold—held—held spit—spat—spat shine—shone—shone win—won—won hang—hung—hung dig— dug—duglose—lost—lost
11．改变辅音字母。（1个） make—made—made
12．改变元、辅音字母。（4个） leave—left—left stand—stood—stood have（has）— had—had understand—understood—understood
三、A—B—C型，即原形、过去式、过去分词都不相同。（共37个）
1．i—a—u变化。（7个） begin—began—begun drink—drank—drunk sing— sang—sung ring—rang—rung swim—swam—swum sink— sank—sunk spring-sprang-sprung 2．词尾为-ow，-aw时，过去式将其变为-ew，过去分词在其原形后加n。（5个） blow—blew—blown draw—drew—drawn grow— grew—grown know—knew—known throw—threw—thrown（show除外）
3．词尾为“i+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将i变为o，过去分词多在原形后加n，若那个辅音字母为d或t，须双写d或t后加n。（4个）（give，hide除外） drive—drove—driven write—wrote—written ride— rode—ridden rise—rose—risen
4．过去分词在过去式后加n。（1个） wake—woke— woken
5．过去分词由过去式加-ten构成。（2个） get-got-gotten forget—forgot—forgotten 6．过去分词由原形加（e）n构成。（6个） be—was（were）—been eat—ate—eaten fall—fell—fallen give—gave—given see—saw—seen hide—hid—hidden（hid）
7．词尾为-ake时，过去式将其变为-ook，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） take—took—taken mistake—mistook—mistaken
8．原形、过去式和过去分词都不相同。（6个） do—did—done fly—flew—flown go—went—gone lie—lay—lain show—showed—shown wear—wore—worn
9．词尾为-eak时，过去式将其变为-oke，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） break—broke—broken speak—spoke—spoken
10．词中间为“oo+辅（1个）+e”或“ee+辅（1个）+e”，过去式将oo、ee变为o，过去分词在原形词后加-n。（2个） choose—chose—chosen freeze—froze—frozen
四、A—A—B型，即过去式和原形相同。（1个） beat—beat—beaten
五、A—B—A型，即过去分词和原形相同。（3个）
1.词中间为“o+辅（1个）+e”时，过去式将o变为a。（2个） come—came—come become—became—become
2.u—a—u变化。（1个） run— ran—run 六、情态动词型，只有原形和过去式，没有过去分词。（4个） can—could may—might will—would shall—should
3.动词原形 过去式 过去分词 arise arose arisen awake awoke/awaked awoken be was/were been bear bore borne(携带)/born(出生) beat beat beaten become became become begin began begun befall befell befallen bend bent bent bet bet bet bind bound bound bite bit bitten/bit bleed bled bled blend blended blent bless blessed blest blow blew blown break broke broken breed bred bred bring brought brought broadcast broadcast/broadcasted broadcast/broadcasted build built built burn burnt/burned burnt/burned burst burst burst buy bought bought cast cast cast catch caught caught choose chose chosen cleave clove/cleft cloven/cleft cling clung clung clothe clothed/clad clothed/clad come came come cost cost cost creep crept crept crow crowed/crew crowed cut cut cut dare dared/durst dared deal dealt dealt dig dug dug do did done draw drew drawn dream dreamt/dreamed dreamt/dreamed drink drank drunk drive drove driven dwell dwelt dwelt eat ate eaten fall fell fallen feed fed fed feel felt felt fight fought fought find found found flee fled fled fling flung flung fly flew flown forbid forbade/forbad forbidden forecast forecast/forecasted forecast/forecasted forget forgot forgotten forgive forgave forgiven freeze froze frozen gainsay gainsaid gainsaid get got gotten gild gilded/gilt gilded gird girded/girt girded/girt give gave given go went gone grave graved graven/graved grind ground ground grow grew grown hang hung/hanged hung/hanged have had had hear heard heard heave heaved/hove hesved/hove hide hid hidden hit hit hit hold held held hurt hurt hurt keep kept kept kneel knelt knelt know knew known lade laded laden lay laid laid lead led led lean lesnt/leaned lesnt/leaned leap leapt/leaped leapt/leaped learn learnt/learned learnt/learned leave left left lend lent lent let let let lie lay lain light lit/lighted lit/lighted lose lost lost make made made mean meant meant meet met met melt melted meited/molten mistake mistook mistaken misunderstand misunderstood misunderstood outgrow outgrew outgrown overcome overcame overcome oversee oversaw overseen pay paid paid prove proved proved/proven put put put quit quitted/quit quitted/quit read read read rend rent rent ride rode ridden ring rang rung rise rose risen rive rived riven/rived run ran run saw sawed sawn/sawed say said said see saw seen seek sought sought sell sold sold send sent sent set set set sew sewed sewn/sewed shake shook shaken shave shaved shaved/shaven shear sheared sheared/shorn shed shed shed shine shone shone shoe shod shod shoot shot shot show showed shown/showed shrink shrank/shrunk shrunk/shrunken shrive shrove/shrived shriven/shrived shut shut shut sing sang/sung sung sink sank/sunk sunk/sunken sit sat sat slay slew slain sleep slept slept slide slid slid sling slung slung slink slunk slunk slit slit slit smell smelt/smelled smelt/smelled smite smote smitten sow sowed sown/sowed speak spoke spoken speed sped/speeded sped/speeded spell spelt/spelled spelt/spelled spend spent spent spill spilt/spilled spilt/spilled spin spun/span spun spit spat/spit spat/spit spoil spoilt/spoiled spoilt/spoiled spread spread spread spring sprang/sprung sprung stand stood stood stave staved/stove staved/stove steal stole stolen stick stuck stuck sting stung stung swear swore sworn sweep swept swept swell swelled swollen/swelled swim swam swum swing swung swung take took taken teach taught taught tear tore torn tell told told think thought thought throw threw thrown thrust thrust thrust tread trod trodden/trod upset upset upset wake woke/waked woken/waked wear wore worn weave wove woven weep wept wept win won won wind wound wound work worked/wrought worked/wrought wring wrung wrung write wrote written
在实际使用中，特别是在口语交流中，有时往往会用错时态，这没关系，老外已经知道你要表达的意思了。在书写时注意写对就行了。
英语主要目的是为了构通和交流，达到这个目的就行了，没必要对此死记硬背。
单词的现在分词是什么意思
现在分词
现在分词由动词加ing构成。
非谓语动词中的现在分词主要起形容词和副词的作用，在句中作定语、表语、补语或状语。
一、现在分词的两个基本特点。
1. 在时间上表示动作正在进行。例如： a developing country. 一个发展中的国家， boiling water 沸水， rising sun 冉冉升起的太阳。（试比较： a developed country 一个发达国家， boiled water 白开水， risen sun 升起的太阳）
2. 在语态上表示主动。例如： the ruling class 统治阶级， the exploiting class 剥削阶级。（试比较： the ruled class 被统治阶级， the exploited class 被剥削阶级）
二、掌握现在分词的基本功能。
1. 现在分词作定语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。也可以说明被修饰词的性质和特征，此时可换成相应的定语从句。例如：
① There was a terrible noise following the sudden burst of light.
② He saw a flying bird and raised his bow.
③ I was satisfied with the exciting speech.
2. 现在分词作状语时，可作时间、条件、结果、原因和伴随状语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。此时分词的逻辑主语就是主句的主语，因此要注意人称、时态和语态的一致性。例如：
① The visiting minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, adding that he had enjoyed his stay here.
② European football is played in more than 80 countries, making it the most popular sport in the world.
③Seeing from the top of the hill, we can find that the city looks more beautiful.
3. 现在分词作补足语，表示正在进行的或主动的动作。例如：
① Soon they could see the steam rising from the wet clothes.
② The missing boys were last seen playing near the river.
4. 现在分词的独立主格结构作状语。例如：
① With his lips still trembling, he couldn't say a word.
②“ Mama! ” he cried suddenly, tears rolling down his cheeks. “妈妈！”他突然哭着喊，泪水从他的脸上流下来。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 tears rolling down his cheeks 作状语。）
③ Weather permitting, we'll go to the Great wall. 如果天气允许的话，我们就去长城。（这里需要用现在分词的独立主格结构 Weather permitting 作状语。）
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