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英语八大从句类型与用法总结高中
英语从句类型与用法:
一、时间状语从句
1、引导时间状语从句的从属连词很多,常见的有before, after, when, while, as, since, till, until, as soon as等。
2、表示“当…时候”的while, when, as的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as。另外,用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。
3、until在肯定句中通常只连用延续性动词,表示相应动作结束的时间;在否定句中通常连用非延续性动词,表示相应动作开始的时间,意为“直到…才”。
4、表示“一…就”除用as soon as外,还可用the minute, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, no sooner…than, hardly…when等。
5、every time, each time, (the) next time, (the) last time, by the time, the first time, any time等以time结尾的词语也可用作连词,引导时间状语从句。
二、条件状语从句
1、引导条件状语从句的从属连词主要有if, unless, as long as等。
2、in case也可引导条件状语从句,其意为“如果”、“万一”。
三、让步状语从句
1、引导让步状语从句的从属连词主要有although, though, however (=no matter how), even if(即使),whether…or(不论…还是)等连词。
2、as也可引导让步状语从句,但要将名词、形容词或副词等提到as前,若提前的是单数可数名词,要省略a / an。
3、连词while有时也可表示“尽管”、“虽然”,引导让步状语从句。
4、whatever, whoever, however, whenever, wherever等引导让步状语从句。
注:表示“虽然”的though, although不可与but连用,但可与yet, still连用。
四、原因状语从句
1、引导原因状语从句的从属连词主要有because, as, since, seeing (that), now (that)等。
2、除以上提到的大家比较熟悉的引导原因状语从句的从属连词外,when有时也可引导原因状语从句,其意“既然”。
3、有关原因状语从句还应注意以下几点:
(1) as与since, now that一样表示双方都知道的原因,通常位于主句前,且均不可用于强调结构被强调。
(2)当表示直接的因果关系,回答why时,或有only, just, all, partly, not, but等副词修饰时,或用在强调结构中都只能用because。
(3) for有时也可引出表示原因的分句,但它只能位于后面,对前一分句加以解释或推断。
(4)不要受汉语意思影响将表示“因为”的连词与表示“所以”的so连用。
五、地点状语从句
1、引导地点状语从句的从属连词主要有where (在哪里),wherever(无论什么地方),everywhere(每个地方),anywhere(任何地方)。
2、有的同学认为地点状语从句在平时见得不多,误认为考试不会涉及,但恰恰相反,地点状语从句却是英语考试经常考查的一个知识点。
六、目的状语从句
1、引导目的状语从句的从属连词主要有in order that, so that, in case, for fear等。
2、引导目的状语从句的so that有时可省so或that,即单独用so或that来引导目的状语从句。
七、结果状语从句
引导结果状语从句的从属连词主要有so that, so that, such that等。
英语八大从句类型与用法总结图
英语八大从句类型与用法总结举例如下:
一、定语从句:
在复合句中, 修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句,被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词,引导定语从句的有关系代词who,whom,whose,which,that等和关系副词where,when,why等,关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。
二、状语从句:
表示“当…时候”的while,when,as的用法区别是:while从句中的谓语动词必须是延续性动词;表示带有规律性的“每当”或当主、从句谓语动词的动作发生有先后时,只能用when;当表示“一边…一边…”或“随着”时,只能用as,另外,用于此义的as所引导的时间状语从句谓语只能是动作动词,不能是状态动词。
三、名词性从句:
在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句(NounClauses),名词从句的功能相当于名词词组,它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等,因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能,名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。
英语从句
主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句和同位语从句。这4种属于名词性从句,相当于一个名词功效。
定语从句,相当于形容词功效。
状语从句,相当于副词功效。
从句有哪些类型
常见的从句类型一共有宾语从句、定语从句、状语从句、主语从句、表语从句和同位语从句这六种。
1、从句是相对于主句存在的,一个既有从句又有主句的句子就是复合句。
2、表语从句在复合句中作表语的从句,就叫做表语从句。
3、定语是指在句子中用来修饰名词、代词的成分定语从句。
限制性关系从句
从语义上看,限制性关系从句主要起限定作用,修饰特定的人或事物,如果去掉限制性定语从句,整个句子表意会不完整甚至不通顺;从结构上看,限制性关系从句常紧跟先行词,并且同先行词之间一般不加逗号分隔(但不是绝对的)。
限制性关系从句的关系词包括:that, which, who, whom, whose, as, than等。
英语的十四种从句的句型及例句大全
1.主语从句 1)主语从句可直接位于主语的位置,如果从句较长,谓语又较短,可用it作形式主语,而将从句放在句末。常见的句型有: *It is a fact\a pity\a question\good news that... 2)what引导的主语从句表示“...的东西时”,一般不用it作形式主语。 What we lack is experience. 3)what,who,when,why,whether等词含有各自的疑问意义,但它们引导的主语从句,都用陈述语序。 How the plan is to be carried out should be discussed again. 2.宾语从句 1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. 2.宾语从句 1)宾语从句可位于及物动词、介词和某些形容词后。连词that常可省略。介词后一般接疑问词引导的宾语从句。in that(因为),except that(除了),but that(只是)已构成固定搭配,其他介词后一般不接that引导的宾语从句。 *I promised that I would change the situation. 3.表语从句 表语从句出现在结构为“主语+系动词+表语从句”的句子中。表语从句除可用that,what,when,why,whether,how等引导外,还可由because,as if(though)等引导。that常可省略。如主句主语为reason,只能用that引导表语从句,不可用because. Perhaps the most important thing to remember is that there is no one common type of life in America. 2)宾语从句后如有宾补,要用形式宾语it来代替,而把宾语从句移至宾补之后。 He has made it clear that he would not change his mind. 4.同位语从句 同位语从句用于对前面出现的名词作进一步说明,一般用连词that引导,由于先行名词的意义不同,也可用whether,who,when,where,what,why,how等引导。常见的先行名词有fact,idea,belief,news,hope,conclusion,evidence,suggestion,order,problem,report,decision.有时由于谓语较短,将同位语从句位于谓语之后。 She finally made the decision that she would join the fashion show. 5.定语从句 定语从句所修饰的先行词可以是名词或代词,也可以是一个句子。定语从句通常位于先行词之后,由关系代词或关系副词引导。 *限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句修饰先行词,对先行词起修饰作用,紧接先行词之后,无逗号,若省去,原句意思不完整。引导定语从句的关系代词有who,whom,whose,which,that等。who,whom,whose用于指人,whose有时也可指物,相当于of which;which用于指物;that既可指人也可指物,但只用于限制性定语从句中。关系代词除了引导定语从句,替代先行词外,还在从句中担任主语、宾语、定语等。 The computers and cables which make up the Internet are owned by people and organizations. Those who live alone or who are sick may have trouble in getting close to other people. The girl whose parents died in an accident is living with her grandmother. 1)当先行词是all,anything,everything,something,nothing等不定代词或先行词前有first,last,any,few,much,some,no,only以及形容词最高级修饰时,只能用关系代词that引导从句。 That is all that I've heard from him. He's the first person that I'm going to interview this afternoon. 2)关系代词的省略 在从句中作宾语的关系代词常可省略。关系代词紧跟介词,作介词宾语时不可用that,只可用which或whom引导从句,并且不可省略,但当介词位于宾语从句句末时,作为介词宾语的关系代词仍可用that,也可省略。 This is one of those things with which we have to put up. This is one of those things (which\that) we have to put up with. 3)引导定语从句的关系副词有when,where,why等。关系副词在从句中作状语,意义上相当于一个“介词+which”的结构。 Even in comic books where(=in which) there are no words,the stories are fully expressed through the drawings. No one knows the reason why(=for which) he was so angry that day. 6.状语从句 *时间状语从句 引导时间状语从句的从属连词和词组有: 1)when,whenever,while,as,after,before,since,till,until,once等。 We have learnt quite a lot about it since we came here. 2)as soon as,hardly(scarcely)...when,no sooner...than,each(every) time,the moment,immediately(that)等。 As soon as I sent an e-mail message,I received positive responses. The moment he heard the good news,he jumped with joy. *地点状语从句 引导地点状语从句的连词是where,wherever. Wherever she went,she took her little daughter with her. *原因、结果和目的状语从句 1)引导原因状语从句的从属连词有:because,as,since,now(that),seeing that,considering that,in that等。 Considering that he is a freshman,we must say he is doing well. 2)引导结果状语从句的连词有:so...that,such...that,so that,that,so等。 Mickey Mouse is so attractive that the children are reluctant to leave. 3)引导目的状语从句的连词有:so that,in order that,for fear that,lest等,从句常使用may,might,can,could,would等情态动词。 We got up early this morning so that we could catch the first bus to the railway station. *条件和让步状语从句 1)引导条件状语从句的连词和词组有if,unless,as(so) long as,on condition that,in case,provided(providing) that,supposing等。 As long as you have the right equipment,you can use a telephone line to transmit computer data. 2)引导让步状语从句的连词和词组有though,although,whether,even though,even if,no matter what(when,how...),whatever(whenever,wherever,however....)等。though,even if等引导状语从句可转换成含有as的部分倒装结构,具有强调意义。其结构为“形容词(副词、动词、名词)+as+主语+谓语”。 No matter what you may say,I would not change my mind. Young as he is,he is quite experienced in this work.(=though he is young) Child as he is,he can speak English fluently.(=though he is a child) *方式状语从句 引导方式状语从句的连词有as,just as,as if,as though等。as if,as though引导的状语从句中,谓语动词常用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反。 The young man made the experiment just as the teacher had taught him. Everything went on as usual as if nothing had happened.
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