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定语从句语法总结思维导图
定语从句语法总结有：修饰某一句中的名词或代词的从句称为定语从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。被修饰的词称为先行词。关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句；代替先行词；在定语从句中担当一个成分等。
1.that既可以用于指人，也可以用于指物。在从句中作主语或宾语，作主语时不可省略，作宾语可省略。
2.which用于指物，在句中作主语或宾语，作主语不可省略，作宾语可省略。
3.who，whom用于指人，who用作主语，whom用作宾语。在口语中，有时可用who代替whom，也可省略。
从句结构：
定语从句公式：定语从句=先行词+关系词+从句。
先行词：指被定语从句修饰的名词、代词或句子。一般先行词出现在定语从句的前面。
关系词：关系词常有3个作用：
①连接作用，连接主句和定语从句。
②指代先行词。
③在定语从句中担当成分。
as引导的定语从句的用法讲解
定语从句是高中英语的重要语法项目之一，它的结构和用法比较复杂。我们应从哪些方面有效地复习定语从句呢？下面就是我给大家带来的定语从句的用法讲解，希望大家喜欢！
[定语从句的种类]
定语从句分为限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语从句是 句子 不可缺少的部分，如去掉主句意思就不完整或失去意义；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉也不会影响主句的意思。它与主句之间通常用逗号分开，一般不用that引导，关系词不可省略。如：
This is the book that I want to read. （限制性）
Tom’s father， who arrived just now， is a famous scientist. （非限制性）
非限制性定语从句的先行词成分可以是整个主句，非限制性定语从句常用which引导，修饰整个句子。定语从句的谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：
The weather turned out to be very good， which was more than we could expect.
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所指代的先行词是表示人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
在定语从句中，who和that既可作主语又可作宾语，whom只可作宾语（作宾语时可以省略）。如：
Is he the man who/that wants to see you？ （who/that在从句中作主语）
The man （whom/who/that） you spoke to just now is our English teacher. （whom/who/that在从句中作宾语，可省略）
[whose]
在定语从句中作定语，可用来指人或物，表示物时相当于“the+名词+of+which”或“of+which+the+名词”。如：John， whose wife is ill， can’t come to the party.
[which & that]
which和that指代的先行词是表示事物的名词或代词，在定语从句中可作主语、宾语等。如：
Please show me the radio that/which you have just bought. （that/which在从句中作宾语，可省略）
This is the film that/which created a great sensation. （that/which在从句中作主语）
只能用that而不能用which的情况：
1. 先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如：This is the best dictionary that I’ve ever used.
2. 先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰时。如：The first thing that we should do is to get some food.
3. 当先行词是anything， everything， nothing， something， few， all， none， little， some等不定代词时，或是由every， any， all， some， no， little， few， much等词修饰时。如：Tom told his father all that had happened.
There is little that I can do for you.
4. 先行词既有人又有物时。如：They talked about the teachers and the schools that they knew.
5. 先行词被the only，the very，the right等修饰时。如：This is the very book that I want to have.
6. 在which，who，whom引起的问句中，为避免重复。如：Who is the girl that talked to you yesterday？
7. 关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：China is not the country that it was.
只能用which，不能用that的情况：
1. 在非限制性定语从句中。如：Beijing， which is the capital of China， has a very long histroy.
2. 在介词后面，即“介词+which（指物）”。如：This is the house in which we lived three years ago.
[as]
关系代词as代替的先行词是人或物的名词， 在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。
as引导限制性定语从句时，常和such， the same， as（so）连用， 构成such ... as， the same ... as， as/so ... as等结构，在从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。如：
Don’t trust such men as praise you to your face. （在定语从句中作主语）
I have the same trouble as you have. （在定语从句作宾语）
It’s as pleasant a film as I have ever seen. （在定语从句作宾语）
但是当先行词被the same修饰时，that也可以引导定语从句，但意义有所不同。the same ... as（指同样或同类的）， the same ... that（指同一个）。例如：
This is the same watch as I lost.
This is the same watch that I lost.
as也可单独使用，引导非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句或主句中的一部分，放在句首、句中或句末。如：
As is known to us all， smoking is harmful to one’s health. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语）
He is late， as is often the case. （指代整个主句，在从句中做主语）
Light， as everybody knows， travels much faster than sound. （指代整个主句，在从句中做宾语）
as和which作关系代词的用法比较：
which引导的非限定性定语从句只能放在主句之后，which指代前面的一个句子或主句中的某一成分；as引导的非限定性定语从句能放在主句之前、中、后，既可指前面已经提到的情况，也可指后面提到的情况。
as引导从句时，有“为人所熟知”的含义，which则没有这层意思。as引导的从句往往表示的是一种附加说明，which引导的从句一般是较为重要的陈述。如：
His mother is ill， which makes him very sad.
As is expected， the England team won the football match.
[关系副词引导的定语从句]
关系副词when， where， why可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语， 相当于“介词+which”结构。例如：
I’ll never forget the time when/during which we worked in the factory.
This is the village where /in which he was born.
I don’t know the reason why/for which she looks unhappy today.
[判定用关系代词还是用关系副词]
关系代词与关系副词的选用，应看先行词在定语从句中充当什么成分：若作主语、宾语或定语，则用关系代词who，whom，that，which，whose，as等；若作状语， 就用where， when， why等关系副词。如：
The reason why I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Sunday. （状语）
The reason that/which he gave us sounded reasonable. （宾语）
Pisa is a city， which has a leaning tower. （主语）
Pisa is a city， where there is a leaning tower. （状语）
[介词+关系代词]
当关系代词作介词宾语时，就出现了“介词+关系代词”的结构引导定语从句的现象。当先行词指物时用“介词+which”，指人时用“介词+whom”，且关系代词不能省略。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题：
1. 介词的确定可以根据整个句意来确定。
Oxygen is a kind of gas， without which we couldn’t live.
2. 介词可以根据与先行词的搭配来确定。
He gave me the book for which he paid a lot of money. （动词与介词搭配）
1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded. （名词与介词搭配）
The snake， of which she used to be afraid， is her favorite animal now. （形容词与介词搭配）
定语从句的用法讲解相关 文章 ：
1. 英语中as引导的定语从句的相关讲解
2. 定语从句中关系词的用法讲解
3. 英语定语从句的用法
4. 英语数词的分类和用法
5. 高中英语语法知识总结:定语从句
6. 考点初中英语定语从句的用法
7. 非限制性定语从句的用法讲解
8. 英语语法:定语从句
9. 定语从句语法知识点汇总
定语从句语法总结
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句，定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词；定语从句一般由关系代词或关系副词来引导，关系词放在先行词与定语从句之间起到连接作用，同时又作从句中的一个成分。
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
1.who,whom,whose，that
这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中所起作用如下:
（1）Ishe the man who/that wants to see you?
他就是想见你的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语)
（2）Heis the man whom/that I saw yesterday.
他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作宾语)
2.Whose用来指人或物，(只用作定语, 若指物，它还可以同of which互换),例如:
（1）Theyrushed over to help the man whose car had broken down.
那人车坏了，大家都跑过去帮忙。
（2）Pleasepass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3.which,that
它们所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可作主语、宾语等，例如:
（1）Aprosperity which/that had never been seen before appears in thecountryside.
农村出现了前所未 有的繁荣。(which/that在从句中作主语)
（2）Thepackage which/that you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.
你拿的包快散了。(which/that 在从句中作宾语)
关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。
1.when,where,why
关系副词when,where,why的含义相当于"介词+which"结构，因此常常和"介词+which"结构交替使用。
（1）Thereare occasions when (on which) one must yield.
任何人都有不得不屈服的时候。
（2）Beijingis the place where (in which) I was born.
北京是我的出生地。
（3）Isthis the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
这就是他拒绝我们帮助他的理由吗?
2.that代替关系副词
（1）that可以用于表示时间、地点、方式、理由的名词后取代when,where,why和"介词+which"引导的定语从句，在非正式文体中that常被省略(正式文体中不可省略)，例如:
（2）Hisfather died the year (that / when / in which) he was born.
他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。
（3）Heis unlikely to find the place (that / where / in which) he lived forty yearsago.
他不大可能找到他四十年前居住过的地方。
定语从句的用法归纳总结
一. 定义： 定语由一个句子来充当，那么这个句子就叫做定语从句。
eg: 其中划线部分为定语从句。
二. 分类： 分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句，还有间隔性定语从句。 (限制性定语从句)
(非限制性定语从句)
( 间隔性定语从句)
注：定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
限制性定语从句无逗号隔开、不可缺少、起修饰限制作用;而非限制性定语从句有逗号隔开、可有可无、起补充说明作用。
三. 构成： 定语从句有先行词、引导词和从句构成。
先行词是定语从句所修饰限制的名词或代词。
引导词是用来引导定语从句的关系代词或关系副词。
eg: The old town has narrow streets and small houses that are built close to each other. 此句中先行词为：narrow streets and small houses, 引导词为：that， 定语从句为：that are built close to each other
四.基本原则
定语从句中不能出现与先行词在意义上相一致的词 与book指同一物，所以要去掉。)
五.定语从句中常见考点：
考点一.关系代词和关系副词的辨别
1. 关系代词that(人、物)，which(物)、who(m)(人)、whose(某人的，某物的)、as
2. 关系副词when(表时间)、where(表地点)、why(表原因)
注：关系副词可变为“介词+关系代词”结构(即：关系副词=介词+关系代词)。
eg:This is the mountain village where(=in which)I stayed last month.
3. 怎样选择正确的关系代词或关系副词 方法一：找出先行词和定语从句中动词，看定从中动词与先行词能否构成习惯搭配。能，用关系代词;不能，用关系副词.
Eg.I will never forget the day定从中动词spent 与先行词
the day 构成spent the day ,所以用关系代词that或which或省略)
系代词。如不缺少，定语从句所表达意思相对完整，用关系副词。
eg:①.This is the factory ____ made cars . (缺少主语，所以用关系代词that 或which，作主语不能省略)
②.This is the reason _______ he was late for school.(定语从句he was late for school 表
达意思相对完整，所以用关系副词why 或介词+关系代词for which) 注意：当先行词为case、position、point、situation、society、activity等抽象意义的名词时，常用关系副词where引导定语从句.
eg:He got himself into a dangerous situation where he may lose control of the plane .
考点二. 定从中that 与which的区别
1. 关系代词只用that的情况。
(1)当先行词为不定代词(all、much、little、few、some、any、none、one、something、anything、everything等)或先行词被不定形容词(all、many、some、few、little等)修饰时。 that you want to say for yourself?
(2)当先行词既有人又有物时。 that you are talking about.
(3)当先行词含有序数词或最高级时。
eg: ① will go to Beijing.
②(4)当先行词被only、very、next、last等修饰时。
that I’m looking for.
(5)在who或which引导的特殊疑问句中。 that you lost?
(6)当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 that it used to be.
2.关系代词只用which的情况。
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。
eg:He turned to be a very successful man,(2)在“介词+关系代词”结构中，关系代词只用which。
eg:This is the question they have so much discussion in the past few weeks.
(3)当关系代词后有插入成分时。
eg: Mary was much kinder to Jack than she was to the others, which, of course, made all the others upset.
3.指人时，关系代词只用who(m)的情况。
(1)引导非限制性定语从句时。 (2)当“介词+关系代词(宾格形式)”结构引导定语从句时。 (3)当关系代词后有插入成分时。
eg:This is my friend who,I think,is the best in our class. .
(4)在There be句型结构中，先行词指人时。
eg:There is a young lady who asks for you.
考点三：as的用法及as与which的区别
1. as引导的定语从句
(1)as常用于固定搭配中：the same. . . as，such…as，as/so…as
eg:①比较：Zhengzhou is such a wonderful city that everyone likes to visit it.
注意：第一句是定语从句，所以定从中没有出现与先行词city 意义上一致的词，第二句是状语从句，that 后应为完整句子，所以it 不能省略。
②同样的但不是同一辆)
比较：Today he wears the same coat that he did yesterday .(同一件衣服)
(2)as常用于固定句型中：as we all / everyboby know(s), ,as is often the case,as we expect等。
eg:As we all know,Zhengzhou is an attractive city.
2.在非限制性定语从句中，as与which的'区别
⑴指代整句话内容时，as可位于主句前面、中间或后面;而which一般位于主句后。另外，which还可指代一个名词或一个短语。
eg①: As we all know,Tom is a good boy.
②：China,which was founded in 1949,is becoming more and more powerful.
③：She doesn't think she is wrong,which makes her teacher angry.(which指代上文整个句子)
⑵.aswhich没有，
eg: ①He succeeded this time,as had been expected.
②She has made great progress,which makes her parents very happy.
③As we all know,knowledge changes life.
考点四. 定从中所属关系的表达
whose引导定语从句时必须和名词放在一起。whose+n(s)
=the+n(s)+of which/whom
=of +which/whom+the+n(s)
考点五.定从中动词形式与先行词的一致
eg: ① ②
③
考点六. the way作先行词引导定从时，关系词可用in which/that/省略。
eg:I don’t like the way that/in which/省略he spoke to me.
考点七. 介词+关系代词
在这种结构中，关系代词表示人,只能用whom ;关系代词表示物,只能用which 。
*怎样选择正确的介词
1.根据定语从句中谓语动词的习惯搭配来决定。如：
① This is the pen on which I spent 10 yuan. (spend money on sth.为固定搭配)
② This is the pen for which I paid 10 yuan. (pay money for sth.为固定搭配)
2.根据先行词的搭配习惯来决定。如：
① I remember the day on which I graduated from high school.
(强调在具体某一天要用介词on)
② I remember the days during which I lived in Russia.
(强调在某几天时间内要用介词during)
③ I remember the month in which I got along with Tom(在month前介词要用in)
3. 根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系。
Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles?
(write ...for the article)
4. 根据从句中形容词的习惯搭配。
①The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her carelessness .
( be happy with "对表示满意") 老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她粗心而被解雇。
②He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .
( be familiar with 对...熟悉)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。
5. 有些“动词+介词”的固定词组不可拆开用
常见的动词词组有：look for,look after, care for,send for,hear of，hear from, deal with,
get through,pay attention to等。 Eg .This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.这是我正在找的手表。 This is the watch for which I am looking.(错误)
6. “不定代词both,some,any,many,(a)few,none，neither等 +of whom 或of which，表示整体与部分的关系或所属关系
eg: ①(很多苹果中有一些是红色)
比较：I have many apples and some of them are bad .
②比较：He has three children but none of them is kind to him .
7.“介词+which+to do”作定语的情况
介词+which+to do作定语相当于介词+which引导定语从句。其中定语从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句含有情态动词。
eg:①Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which to produce the workings of his own hands.
(=Frank’s dream was to have a shop in which he could produce the workings of his own
hands.)
②He has no house in which to live.(=He has no house in which he can live.)
8.“介词+where”引导的定语从句的情况
有时候，我们可以见到“介词+where”引导定语从句的情况。此时，where代替的是表示地点的介词短语。
eg:You can look out of the window,from where you get a good view.(其中where=out of the
window)
考点八：定从句与短语的转化
1. The girl (who is )dancing now just returned from Beijing.正在跳舞的女孩刚从北京回来
2. I love the stories (which were) written by Mary .我喜欢玛丽写的故事。
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