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英语语法什么叫定语
语法部分
分词作定语
不及物动词的现在分词作定语表达强调动作正在进行,过去分词强调完成;及物动词的现在分词作定语强调主动,过去分词强调被动。分词的完成式一般不作定语。分词作其他成分时,也是如此。分词作定语,单个的分词作定语一般前置;分词词组,个别分词如given,
left等,修饰不定代词等的分词,作定语需后置。
例如:
We
can
see
the
rising
sun.
我们可以看到东升的旭日
He
is
a
retired
worker.
他是位退休的工人
There
was
a
girl
sitting
there. 有个女孩坐在那里
This
is
the
question
given.
这是所给的问题
There
is
nothing
interesting.
没有有趣的东西
分词作定语相当于定语从句,如Most
of
the
people
invited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists.
=
Most
of
the
people
who
wereinvited
to
the
party
were
famous
scientists.
典型例题
1)
The
first
textbook
___
for
teaching
English
as
a
foreign
language
came
out
in
the
16th
century.
A.
have
written
B.
to
be
written
C.
being
written
D.
written
答案D.
书与写作是被动关系,应用过去分词做定语表被动,相当于定语从句
which
was
written
2)What's
the
language
____
in
Germany?
A.
speaking B.
spoken
C.
be
spoken D.
to
speak
答案B.
主语language与谓语动词之间有被动的含义。spoken,在句中作定语,修饰主语language,
spoken
与
language有被动关系。该句可以理解为:What's
the
language
(which
is)
spoken
in
German?
过去分词作后置定语的用法和例句
定语有前置复定语和后置定语,前置定语多是制单词,后置定语多是短语或从句。一般由代词、形容词、副百词、介词定语、分词或分度词短语等来充当。
例如:The girl playing the piano is his sister。
弹钢琴的那个女孩是知他的姐姐。(分语短语道作定语)
过去分词(past participle)是分词的一种。规则动词的过去分词一般是由动词加-ed构成(规则见后),不规则动词的过去分词见不规则动词表。
过去分词属于类动词:及物动词的过去分词作表语,与句子的主语是被动关系,表示主语的状态,不但表示被动,还强调已完成了。
过去分词变化规则:
(1)一般动词,在词尾直接加“-ed ”。(然而要注意的是,过去分词并不是过去式)
work---worked---worked,visit---visited---visited
(2)以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,只在词尾加“d ”。
live---lived---lived
(3)以“辅音字母 + y ”结尾的动词,将 "y" 变为 "i" ,再加“-ed”。
study—studied—studied,cry—cried—cried,try—tried—tried,fry—fried—fried.
以上内容参考:百度百科-过去分词
怎样写分词段语作定语,状语的句子大全
定语从句:Can you see the man (who is sitting under the tree)?
Do you know the man (who has been fired by the employer)?
判断主语是否相同(the man)
判断主被动(is sitting 主动 was fired被动)
主动doing, 被动done:Can you see the man sitting under the tree?
Do you know the man fired by the employer?
状语从句:When she heard the news, she cried
When she was informed of the news, she cried.
判断主语是否相同 (she)
判断主被动 (heard 主动 was informed被动)
主动doing/having done, 被动done:Hacing heard the news/Hearing the news, she cried.
Informed of the news, she cried.
注:having done 强调动作的先后关系
现在分词短语作状语英语造句
The boy running along the road is Tom. 表示进行时,动词和主语是主谓关系
The boy who is running along the road is Tom.
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