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英语动词不定式
动词不定式：
动词不定式由“to+ 动词原形”构成，如：to study, to play，动词不定式虽然不能作谓语动词用，但仍留着动词的特征，它可以带有所需要的宾语或状语而构成动词不定式短语，如：to study hard, to play table tennis。
1. 动词不定式的形式变化：动词不定式有下列时态和语态的形式变化。
语态式 一般式 完成式 进行式 完成进行式
主 动 to build to have built to be building to have been building
被 动 to be build to have been build
2. 动词不定式的基本用法：动词不定式能起名词、形容词和副词的作用，可在句中作主语、表语、宾语补足语、定语和状语用，如：
（1）作主语：To help each other is good.（动词不定式作主语时，一般可用it作形式主语，而将作主语的动词不定式置于句末，如：It is good to help each other.
（2）作表语：My job is to drive them to the power station every day. 动词不定式在系动词be之后作表语，与表示将来时的be + 动词不定式结构有所区别，如：Our plan is to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们的计划是给农民子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的谓语动词为is，动词不定式to set up… 为表语，主语为plan，但plan并不是动词不定式的逻辑主语，即动词不定式 to set up所表示的动作不是主语plan产生的。）We are to set up another middle school for the peasants’ children.我们将为农民的子弟再成立一所中学。（句中的are to set up整个结构为句中谓语，主语为we，同时也是动词不定式to set up所表示的动作的逻辑主语，即动词不定式to set up所表示的动作是由we产生的）。
（3）作宾语：① 作及物动词的宾语，如：She wishes to be a musician.；② 作某些形容词的宾语：可以有动词不定式为宾语的形容词一般有glad, sorry, afraid, pleased, determined, willing, eager, anxious, ready, sure等，如：I am determined to give up smoking.；③ 动词不定式一般不作介词的宾语，但动词不定式之前如有疑问词时，就可作介词的宾语，如：Can you give us some advice on what to do next?
（4）作宾语补足语，如：Tell the children not to play on the street. 如果句中的谓语动词为see, hear, watch, notice, have, make, let等，作宾语补足语的动词不定式须将to省去，如：I saw a little girl run across the street.
（5）动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，须先用it作形式宾语，而将该动词不定式后置，如：I don’t think it right to do it that way.
（6）作定语：动词不定式作定语时，须位于被其修饰的名词或代词之后，如：Is this the best way to help him? 和定语用的动词不定式如果是不及物动词，不定式后面就要用必要的介词，如：He is the man to depend on. 如果被不定式修饰的名词为place, time, way，不定式后面的介词，习惯上可以省去，如：The old man is looking for a quiet place to live.
（7）作状语：动词不定式可以作下列的状语：① 目的状语： Every morning he gets up very early to read English. 为了强调不定式表示目的的作用，可在不定式前加in order to或so as to（以便或为了），但应注意in order to位于句首或句中均可，而so as to不能位于句首，如：She reads China Daily every day in order to （so as to） improve her English. 将表示目的的不定式置于句首，也可强调目的的作用，如：To master a foreign language, one must work hard at it. ② 结果状语：They lived to see the liberation of their home town.他们活到亲眼见到了他们家乡的解放。③ too + 形容词或副词 + 动词不定式，表示“足能…”的结果，如：You are old enough to take care of yourself now.
3. 复合结构不定式：由for + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 动词不定式即构成复合结构的动词不定式。其中for本身无意义。for后面的名词或代词是不定式的逻辑主语，这种不定式在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语或状语，如：It is very important for us to get everything ready for the harvest. 当作表语用的形容词表示不定式的逻辑主语的性质或特征时，就用介词of而不用for引出不定式的逻辑主语，这些形容词一般有good, nice, kind, wise, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, careless, impolite等，如：It is very kind of you to help him every day.
4. 疑问词 + 动词不定式：疑问代词和疑问副词后可加动词不定式构成不定式短语，在句中可作主语、表语或宾语，如：How to prevent them from swimming in this river is a problem.
5. 动词不定式的否定式：动词不定式的否定式是由not + 动词不定式构成，如：It’s wrong of you not to attend the meeting.
6. 动词不定式的时态形式所表示的时间关系：（1）一般式：动词不定式一般式所表示的动作是和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，但在多数情况下，是在谓语动词所表示的动作之后发生，如：We decided to plant more trees this spring.（其后），They often watch us play table tennis.（同时）；（2）完成式：动词不定式完成式所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，如：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.（3）进行式：动词不定式进行式所表示的动作正在进行中，而且与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生，如：She happened to be writing a letter in the room when I came in.
7. 动词不定式的被动语态用法：如果动词不定式的逻辑主语为这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般就用被动语态形式，如：What is to be done next hasn’t been decided yet.
英语动词不定式是什么意思
英语不定式: to do， 作用：
1. 作主语 To see is to believe. 眼见为实。
2. 作表语 My job is to teach you ABC. 我的工作就是教会你们ABC。
3. 作宾语 I'd like to read some magazine. 我想读点杂志。
4. 作定语 I have a lot of homework to do.我有许多作业要做。
5. 作状语 I gave the boy 5 dollars to please him. 我给了这个男孩5美元，为的是让他开心。
动词不定式英语讲解
解读动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语、状语
在中学教科书中，动词不定式是一个非常重要的语法点；在历年高考中，动词不定式是频频考查的要点之一；在学生的学习实践中，动词不定式是琐碎、难学的语法项目之一。为了更熟练、准确、有针对性地掌握此项语法知识，下面把(N)MET对动词不定式作主语、宾语、定语及状语的考查点进行总结、归纳。
I. 不定式作主语
1. 不定式作主语时，常用it作形式主语，而将作主语的不定式放在句子后部。例如：
It is good to help others.帮助他人是件好事。
It is exciting to surf the Internet.上网是件令人兴奋的事。
2. 不定式作主语与V-ing形式作主语的不同：前者作主语时，常表示某一次具体的动作；而后者常表示习惯性的动作。例如：
To teach the three children is my job this afternoon. 教这三个孩子是今天下午我的工作。
Walking is a good form of exercise. 散步是锻炼的一种好方式。
简析: It's ... of sb. to do sth.与It's... for sb. to do sth.
当表语形容词说明不定式的逻辑主语具有某种品质时,常用"It's...of sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's very kind / nice of you to help me。感谢你的帮助。
当表语形容词说明不定式具有某种特征时，应使用 "It's ...for sb. to do sth."。例如：
It's hard for the Chinese students to learn Russian. 中国学生学俄语是很难的。
[高考题例]
1. Is ________ necessary to complete the design before National Day?
A. this B. that C. it D. he
2. It was foolish ________ you to give up what you rightly owned.
A. for B. of C. about D. from
II. 不定式作宾语
1. 学习不定式作宾语时，要注意掌握四种动词：
1) 后接不定式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： offer, decide, hope, promise, agree, plan, manage, refuse, wish, pretend, learn, want等。
2) 后接V-ing形式作宾语的动词。常见动词有： enjoy, mind, suggest, advise, finish, practise, imagine, admit, avoid, delay等。
3)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，且没有大的区别的动词。常见动词有： start, begin, continue等。
4)后接不定式和V-ing形式作宾语均可，但意思不同的动词。常见动词及短语有:try, remember, forget, regret, stop, go on等。例如：
Please remember to lock the door when you go out. 出去时请记住要锁门。
I don't remember lending you any money. 我不记得借过钱给你。
I regret saying what I said. I shouldn't have said it. 我后悔我所说过的话，我本不该说那些话。
I regret to tell you that you failed your driving test. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你没有通过驾驶测试。
The minister went on talking for two hours. 部长的讲话持续了两个小时。
After discussing the economy, the minister then went on to talk about foreign policy. 讨论完经济，部长接着谈论外交政策。
2. 动词不定式在句中作宾语，如带有宾语补足语时，要先用it作形式宾语，而将该不定式后置。例如：
I don't think it right to do it in that way.我觉得以那种方式去做是不恰当的。
I find it hard to get along with him. 我发现与他相处不是件容易的事。
3. "疑问代词、疑问副词 + 不定式"常常用作动词或介词的宾语。例如：
I don't know where to spend my holiday. 我不知该去哪儿度假。
Have you decided when to marry?你决定什么时候结婚了吗？
[高考题例]
3. She pretended ________ me when I passed by.
A. not to see B. not seeing C. to not see D. having not seen
4. Little Jim should love ________ to the theatre this evening.
A. to be taken B. to take C. being taken D. taking
5. -I usually go there by train.
-Why not ________ by boat for a change?
A. to try going B. trying to go C. to try and go D. try going
6. -Was the test difficult?
-Not at all. We found ________ .
A. it very easy for doing
B. very easy to do it
C. it very easy to do
D. it very easy to do it
7. -Do you know Mr. Smith?
-Yes. He's a strange man. We found ________ difficult to work with him.
A. us B. it C. him D. you
8. I don't think ________ possible to master a foreign language without much memory work.
A. this B. that C. its D. it
9. Last summer I took a course on ________ .
A. how to make dresses
B. how dresses be made
C. how to be made dresses
D. how dresses to be made
10. It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows ________ .
A. it what to do with
B. what to do it with
C. what to do with it
D. to do what with it
III. 不定式作定语
不定式作定语时，应注意使用不定式的正确形式。请看下列句子：
I have a lot of work to do today. 我今天有很多工作要(自己)做。
I have a lot of work to be done today. 我今天有很多工作要(别人)做。
Do you have anything to take to your son? 你有什么东西要(自己)带给你儿子吗？
Do you have anything to be taken to your son? 你有什么东西(让别人)带给你儿子吗？
简析：当句子的主语是不定式的逻辑主语时，不定式使用主动式；当句子的主语不是不定式的逻辑主语而不定式与所修饰的名词或代词之间是被动关系时，不定式使用被动式。
IV. 不定式作状语
1. 不定式常常作目的状语、原因状语、结果状语等。不定式作状语时，要注意不定式的逻辑主语应与句子的主语保持一致。
[高考题例]
11. To be a great scientist, ________ .
A. maths is very important
B. maths is more important than other subjects
C. one must understand maths
D. maths is important to be understood
2. "主语+系动词+形容词+ to do sth."句式中，当形容词说明主语具有某种特征时，不定式不使用被动式。例如：
The naughty boy is hard to deal with.那个顽皮的男孩很难对付。
[高考题例]
12. Tom kept quiet about the accident ________ lose his job.
A. so not as to B. so as not to C. so as to not D. not so as to
Key:
1-5 CBAAD 6-10 CBDAC 11-12 CB
动词不定式讲解初中英语语法视频
动词不定式讲解初中英语语法
1．不定式的基本形式与结构
动词不定式指通常由to加上动词原形 (如to write) 所构成的一种非限定性动词形式，但在有些情况下to可以省略。动词不定式有进行体和完成体(如上to be writing，to have written)，也有被动态(如to be written)，所有的主动词，不论是及物动词还是不及物动词，也不论是动作动词还是状态动词，都有不定式形式。助动词除be和have外， 没有不定式形式。动词不定式在语法功能上可作主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语。
2．不定式的用法
1)不定式结构作主语
1.Te get contact with his family in Taiwan made him extremely happy since they separated more than 40 years ago．
2.To finish that task in such a short time is really a challenge．
在上述情况下，如果不定式较长，显得头重脚轻，则可由代词让作形式主语(形式主语it不可由that或this等其他代词代替)，而将不定式放到后面。如：
1.It made him extremely happy to get contact with his family in Taiwan since they separated more than 40 years ago． 2.John admitted that it is always difficult for him to be on time．
不定式结构所表示的动作是谁做的，即不定式的逻辑主语，通常可以通过for sb. to do sth. 结构表达： 1.It is quite important for us to read good books during a general review． 2.It is not difficult fot those talented students to pass the exam. 在某些形容词(如careless，clever，considerate，foolish，good，impolite，kind， naughty，nice，silly，stupid等)作表语时，不定式后可以加of来引导出其逻辑主语： 1.It is very kind of you to tell me the truth． 2.It is stupid of him to do such a silly thing．
3不定式作宾语 不定式作宾语有两种：一种是及物动词后直接跟带to的不定式， 另一种是“及物动词+疑问词+带to的`不定式。
及物动词+带to的不定式结构: 只能跟动词不定式的动词，常见的有: afford， agree， aim， appear， ask， believe， care，claim，decide demand， desire， determine， expect， fail， happen， hesitate， hope， intend， learn， long， manage， offer， pretend， promise， prepare， refuse， seek， swear， undertake，want， wish等。
1.He managed to solve the complicated problem. 2.The stranger offered to show me the way. 3.Mr. Smith undertook to build a new plant in South Africa.
动词+疑问代(副)词+不定式： 这类动词常见的有advise， decide， find out， forget， inquire， know， learn， see， regard， remember， teach， tell， understand， wonder等。常见的疑问代(副)词有: what， when， where， which， how， whether等。
1.He does not know when to start. 2.You can decide whether to continue or to stop. 3.I will show you how to deal with it.
有时，不定式可由it代替，而把不定式放到后面去。这可以用这一结构表达：动词(如find， think，consider，feel等)+it+ 形容词+不定式。 1.She considers it necessary to make friends with him. 2.We find it difficult to finish all the homework before 9 o’clock.
3)不定式做表语 一种情况为主语是不定式(表示条件)；表语也是不定式(表示结果)：
1.To see is to believe.2.To work means to earn a living．
另一种情况为主语是以aim，duty，hope， idea，job， plan，problem， purpose，thing，wish等名词为中心的短语，或以what引导的名词性从句，不定式表语对主语起补充说明作用；例如： 1.His aim is to study abroad in the near future． 2.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the price． 3.What I want to say is to forget all the unhappy experience．
4)不定式作定语 不定式结构作名词词组修饰语主要有三种类型：
第一种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑宾语。例如： 1.There was really nothing to fear． 2.He gave me an interesting book to read． 如果不定式是不及物动词，后面就得加相应的介词。例如： 1.Mary needs a friend to play with． 2.That girl has nothing to worry about． 3.They have a strict teacher to listen to． 4.Although the film had been on for ten minutes， I still was not able to find a chair to sit on．第二种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的逻辑主语；例如： 1.Have you got a key to unlock the door? 2.The action to be taken is correct． 3.There is nothing to be gained by pretending．第三种，被修饰的名词词组是不定式的同位结构。这类名词通常是表示企图、努力、倾向、目的、愿望、is算、能力、意向等意义的名词：ability， attempt， effort， impulse， inclination，wish等。例如： 1.Her daughter will make an even bigger effort to please her． 2.I have no wishto quarrel withyou． 3.Neither of them had any inclination to do business with Mary.
5)不定式作状语 不定式结构在句中作状语通常都能转换为限制性状语从句。例如作原因状语： 1.They are quite surprised to see the great changes taking place in the area． 2.They are quite surprised because they see the great changes taking place in the area． 3.He was lucky to arrive before dark． 4.He was lucky because he arrived before dark．
作目的状语： 1.She raised her voice to be heared better． 2.She raised her voice so that she could heard better． 3.We went via Heidelberg to miss the traffic jam． 4.We went via Heidelberg so that we could miss the traffic jam．
作结果状语： 1.The French football team played so successfully as to defeat the Brazilians． 2.The French football team played so successfully that they even defeated the Brazilians． 3.He got to the station only to be told the train had gone． 4.He got to the station and was told that the train had gone．
不带to的不定式的使用 动词不定式通常带to，但在有些搭配中不带to，在另一些搭配中可带to可不带to。归纳起来，以下情况下使用不带to不定式：
1) 在can／could， /may／might，will／would，shall／should，must， need，dare等情态动词之后，动词不定式不带to。
2)在表示感觉意义的动词，如see初中英语语法总结，feel，watch，notice，smell，hear，observe等后，或是表示“致使”意义的动词，如have，let，make等后，动词不定式不带to。例如： 1.I often heard him say that he would study hard． 2.I must have him see his own mistakes． 但是，当这类结构转换为被动语态时，后面的不带to不定式一般转换为带to不定式。 例如： 1.He was often heard to say that he would study hard． 2.After he had finished speaking，he was made to answer innumerable questions．
3)在动词help之后可用不带to的不定式，也可用带to的不定式。例如： 1.Help the old lady (to) carry the heavy box.
4) 在had better，would rather，may／might as well，rather than，can not but等搭配之后初中英语语法总结，动词不定式也不带to。例如： 1.Unless you feel to ill to go out，I would rather not stay at home tonight． 2.She could not but criticize his foolish behaviour.
5) 在make do，make believe，let drop，1et fall，1et fly，let slip，let drive，let go off，hear say，hear tell，leave go of等固定搭配中，用不带to的动词不定式。例如： 1.They let go of the rope．他们松开了绳子。 2.John let fly a torrent of abuse at me．约翰朝我痛骂了一顿。 3.I've heard tell of him．我听说过他。
6)在介词but初中英语语法总结初中英语语法总结，except之后，如果其前有动词do的某种形式，其后不定式一般不带to，反之则必须带to，表示“不得不初中英语语法总结，只能”。例如：
1.He will do anything except work on the farm．
2.There was nothing left for the enemy to do but surrender．
3.The spy was both hungry and cold；there was nothing left for him but to give in．
4.I had no choice but to wait till it stopped raining．
下面一些短语是固定搭配，不带to： can not help but，can not choose but，can not but，do nothing but，have nothing to do but。例如： I can not but admire his courage. 如果上述句中有do，to省略： I did nothing but watch TV last night． 如果是下面一个固定搭配，就带to： I have no choice but to give up my idea.
7)紧跟在why或why not之后的动词不定式总是不带to。但是，紧跟在who，what，which，whether等连接词后的不定式带to。例如： Why stand up if you can sit down? Why not ask your teacher when you don't understand the meaning? You needn't decide yet whether to study arts or science． 4．不定式的完成式和进行式 1)构成 完成式：to+ have done 进行式：to+ be doing
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