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初中英语动词不定式用法梳理
动词不定式是初中英语的语法重点之一,也是每年中考英语试题的考点之一。下面是我整理的初中英语动词不定式用法全面解析,希望大家喜欢。
初中英语动词不定式用法全面解析
它是动词的一种非谓语形式,没有人称和数的变化,不能单独作 句子 的谓语。其构成形式为“to+动词原形”,to为动词不定式的符号,本身无意义。动词不定式具有两大特点:
1.具有动词的特点,因此,后面可以跟表语、宾语或状语,构成动词不定式 短语 。
2.具有名词、形容词或副词的特点,可以在句子中用作主语、宾语、宾语补足语、状语、定语、表语及同位语等。下面以近几年全国部分省市的中考英语试题为例,对不定式的难点以及它在中考英语中的考查点,作以简要的 总结 和分析,供同学们学习时参考。
1
动词不定式作主语
1. It's our duty _________ the room every day.
A. to clean B. cleaned C. clean D. cleans(甘肃省)
2. It's hard for us _________ English well.
A. learn B. learns C. to learn D. learning(江西省)
3.建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。
It will _________ the workers over a year _________ _________ the flyover.(北京市海淀区)
4. It's very nice _________ you to get me two tickets _________ the World Cup.
A. for,of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to(安徽省)
Keys:1. A 2. C 3. take, to,build 4. B
[简析]动词不定式作主语时,可以直接放在谓语动词前面的主语位置,也可以用先行词it作形式主语,而将真正的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有:(1)It is +形容词(of sb)to do sth.(2)It is +名词 (for sb)to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4)It is +形容词 (for sb)to do sth.句式 (1)中常用nice,kind, clever,good, right,wrong, foolish, careless等形容词,与介词of搭配,这些形容词常表述不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质;句式(4)中常用hard,difficult, easy, important等形容词,与介词for搭配,表述不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。
2
动词不定式作宾语
1. He wants ______ some vegetables.
A. buy B. buying C. to buy D. buys (山西省)
2. Don't forget ______ your homework with you when you come to school.
A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking (福建省)
3. He found it very difficult ______.
A. sleeping B. sleepsC. slept D. to fall asleep (湖南省)
Keys:1. C 2. A 3. D
[简析]在want, like, agree,hope,wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面,可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补足语时,则可以用it作形式宾语,而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后面。
3
动词不定式作宾语补足语
1. Robert often asks us ______ his Chinese, so his Chinese is much better than before.
A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with (江苏省)
2. Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends ______ Chinese food.
A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked (甘肃省)Key:1. B 2. C
[简析]不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有 :ask, teach, expect,tell, allow等。
4
动词不定式作状语
1. She went ______ her teacher.
A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing (江西省)
2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best ______ English well.A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns (四川省)Key:1. A 2. C
[简析]go, come, try,do / try one's best等动词或短语动词作谓语时,其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。
3. I'm sorry ______ that. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D. to hear (河北省)
4. I'm sorry ______ you.A. trouble B. to trouble C. troubling D. troubled (吉林省)
Keys:3. D 4. B
[简析]“be +形容词+ to do sth”结构中的不定式作状语,常表示原因或方式。
5. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.(改为意思相同的句子)The hole ______ ______ ______ ______ such a fat panda to go through. (广东省)
6. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn't skate on it. (改为意思相同的句子)The ice on the lake wasn't ______ enough ______ people ______ ______ ______. (广东省)
Keys: 5. is, too,small, for 6. thick, for,to, skate,on
[简析]在上述“too +形容词/副词 (for sb)to do…”(太……而不能……)和“enough (for sb) to do…”(足以、足够……做……)结构中,不定式作结果状语。B13a.
初中英语动词不定式用法全面解析相关 文章 :
1. 初中英语语法不定式解析
2. 动词不定式的用法总结
3. 初中英语语法动词不定式的讲解
4. 初中英语动词知识点:关于连系动词后接不定式
5. 英语语法知识讲解:不定式结构的用法
6. 英语中不定式的时态、语态和用法讲解
7. 英语中动词的用法知识详细讲解
8. 非谓语动词用法总结大全
9. 初中英语语法基本句型秘诀
10. 初中英语被动语态特点和用法
初中英语动词不定式归纳
一、动词不定式的复合结构
动词不定式的复合结构是“for / of sb. to do sth.”,for / of引出不定式动作的逻辑主语。这种结构在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语等。不定式复合结构的介词用for还是of,主要决定于前面形容词的性质。一般说来,of前面的形容词是careful, clever, foolish, good, kind, nice, wise等,既说明人的特性,又说明不定式动作的特性。for前面的形容词是dangerous, difficult, easy, hard, heavy, important, interesting, necessary等,一般说明不定式动作的特性,不说明人的特性。前面如果是名词用for。如:
1.Its also probably a good idea for parents to allow teenagers to study in groups during the evening. (p.22)
2.Zoos are terrible places for animals to live.(p.120)
二、带疑问词的不定式短语
动词不定式前面可以带疑问代词what, which, who或疑问副词how, when, where, why等。这种结构起名词的作用,在句子里用作宾语、主语、表语等,或者单独使用。要注意的是,why后面的不定式不带to。如:
1.用作句子的成分。
1)I don’t know what to try next. (p.49)(作宾语)
2)Where to go is not decided yet.(作主语)
2.单独使用时相当于一个特殊疑问句。
1)What to do next?(=What will we / you do next?)
2)Why go there?(=Why do we / you go there?)
三、动词不定式的否定式
不定式的否定式是not / never to do...,不带to的不定式的否定式是not / never do...如:
1.Sometimes they have disagreements, and decide not to talk to each other.(p.8)
2.His parents tell him never to drive after drinking.
初中英语动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式是由“不定式符号to+动词原形”构成的一种非谓语动词结构。有些动词不定式不带to,动词不定式可以作句子的主语、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语或单独使用。不定式保留动词的某些特性,可以有自己的宾语、状语等。动词不定式和它后面的宾语、状语等一起构成短语,叫作不定式短语。
一、用作主语
直接把动词不定式置于句首的情况不多,多数情况用it作形式主语,把真正的主语——动词不定式置于句末,特别是不定式短语较长时。动词不定式作主语,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。带疑问词的不定式短语作主语常置于句首,复合不定式结构作主语常置于句末。如:
无论是形式主语,还是形式宾语,都要用it,不能用其他词。切记!
1.As young adults, it is our duty to try our best to deal with each
challenge... (p.8)
it是形式主语,真正的主语是文中的划线部分。
2.The head teacher said it was necessary to talk with his mother.
(p.16)
3.How to make requests politely is important.(p.93)
划线部分看成三单形式。
二、用作表语
动词不定式作表语,常说明主语的内容、性质、特征。如:
为什么大家写不出长句子?没有大量的积累。多背诵,多思考。
1.The best way to improve your English is to join an English club.
(p.7)
2.The first thing is to greet the teacher. (p.96)
三、用作宾语
1.可以接带to的动词不定式作宾语的动词主要有:
要求选择同意(ask, choose, agree),
期望决定学习(expect, hope, decide, learn),
宁可假装知道(prefer, pretend, know),
希望想要愿意(wish, want, would like / love)。
如:
1)We decided to talk to some students about why they go there. (p.88)
2)He prefers to eat white bread and rice.(p.50)
3)Id love to visit Mexico.(p.53)
2.动词decide, know, learn, show, teach,
tell...,介词结构on...可用疑问词带to的不定式短语作宾语,但why后面的不定式不带to。如:
1)Could you please tell me where to park my car?(p.92)
2)It gives advice on what to do in lots of different situations. (p.32)
3.动词feel, find, make, think等后面,可以用it作形式宾语代替真正的宾语——动词不定式,句子结构是...feel / find
/ make / ... it+adj. / n.+to do...。如:
这个知识点是重点,大家要记住。这样的句子在作文中是提分点。写出复杂的语法,让阅卷人眼前一亮。加分!!!
I find it difficult to remember everything. (p.98)
4.既可接动词不定式又可接v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别不太大的动词有begin, start, like,
love等。一般说来,动词不定式表一次、数次的具体动作、将来动作或动作的全过程,v-ing形式表习惯性的连续动作。如:
1)Then I started to watch English-language TV.(p.6)
2)I’m beginning to understand my Chinese roots, and who I am. (p.116)
begin用了进行时态,后面只接不定式作宾语,表示事情刚开始,还要继续下去。
3)I like to eat vegetables. (p.118)
感知动词like, love, know等一般不用进行时态。
5.后接动词不定式或v-ing形式作宾语,意思差别较大的动词有forget,
remember等。后接不定式作宾语,表动作尚未发生;后接v-ing形式作宾语,表动作已经发生。stop to do停下来做另外一件事,to
do是目的状语;stop doing停止做、不做当前这件事,doing是宾语。try to do尽力做,try doing试试看;go on to
do接着做另外的事,go on doing继续做原来的事。如:
1)When I left home, I had forgotten to bring it with me.(p.107)
2)I stopped using them last year. (p.121)
四、用作定语
1.句子的主语或宾语是动词不定式的逻辑主语,不定式与其所修饰的名词、代词等存在逻辑的动宾关系时,用动词不定式的主动式。如:
1)I have so many chores to do today.(p.112)
2)I cant think of any good advice to give her. (p.31)
3)Basketball has also become a more popular sport for people to
watch.(p.75)
也就是说,动词不定式可以做定语。
2.动词不定式所修饰的名词是place, time, way等时,
如:1)He needs time to do homework.(p.19)
2)Is that a good place to hang out?(p.88)
3)You want to know the best way to get around the city.(p.127)
3.在“there be...”句型里,句子的主语是动词不定式动作的对象,常用主动式。如:
1)There’s just so much to see and do here.(p.49)
2)... but there are still many things to do there.(p.54)
五、用作补语
动词不定式作补语时,在主动语态句里补宾语,在被动语态句里补主语,句子的宾语或主语是不定式动作的逻辑执行者。
初中动词不定式的用法总结
动词不定式(todo)是初中英语课的一个重点,也是中考要考查的一个项目。动词不定式属于非谓语动词的一种形式,很多同学经常把它和谓语动词混在一起,掌握起来有困难。下面我们对动词不定式的用法做简单归纳,帮助同学们记忆:
一、动词不定式在句子中不能充当谓语,没有人称和数的变化。
二、动词不定式是由“to+动词原形”构成(有时可以不带to)。动词不定式的否定形式是“not+动词不定式”(not不与助动词连用)。
三、动词不定式短语具有名词、形容词和副词等的功能,可在句中用做多种句子成分。
1、主语:常置于句末,而用it代替其做形式主语。
例:To go in for sports helps you stay fit.(book4,L28)It helps you stay fit to go in for sports.It is dangerous to swim in the deep sea on your own.
注:此句式中不定式逻辑上的主语可由for或of引出,逻辑主语由of引出时,表语的形容词为kind,nice,good,polite,clever,foolish,right,wrong等表示
评价的形容词。例:It’s right of him to refuse the
invitation.(him为逻辑主语)
2、表语:Our duty is to protect the enviroment.
3、动词宾语:此种情况可按固定搭配或句式去记。
例:would you like to see my photos? Kevin planned to visit his uncle.(book4,L11)
和plan用法一样的词还有:start,want,agree,hope,begin,decide等。
I found it very difficult to get a
job.(it为形式宾语)4、宾语补足语:(1)在多数复合宾语及物动词后要带to:例:I asked a friend to read it to me.(book4,L2)(2)在表示感觉、致使等意义的动词
(see,watch,hear,feel,notice,observe,
make,let,have,help等)后不带to。例:They heard him sing a pop song in the meeting room.
5、定语:动词不定式做定语放在所修饰的名词的后面。
L1)6、形容词补足语:在表示心理、感情、评价等的形容词后,对其进行补充说明。
例:We are very glad to meet you again.
7、状语:表示目的、原因、程度等。
例:They brought in photos of their
families for me to look at.(book4,L2)
8、“疑问词+不定式”用法:不定式前可带what,who,which,where,when,how等疑问词,这种不定式短语在句中多用做宾语。
例:He didn’t tell me where to go .
9、在初中阶段还涉及到“不定式被动语态一般式(tobe+过去分词)”
例:There are twenty more trees to be planted
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