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大学英语作文书信格式模板
大学英语作文书信格式
英语书信是英语中最常见的应用文体裁,用途极为广泛。下面是我为你整理了大学英语作文书信格式,希望能帮助到您。
1、信头(heading)
信头是指发信人的姓名(单位名称)、地址和日期,一般写在信纸的右上角。一般公函或商业信函的信纸上都印有单位或公司的名称、地址、电话号码等,因此就只需在信头下面的右边写上写信日期就可以了。
英文地址的写法与中文完全不同,地址的名称按从小到大的顺序:第一行写门牌号码和街名;第二行写县、市、省、州、邮编、国名;然后再写日期。标点符号一般在每一行的末尾都不用,但在每一行的之间,该用的还要用,例如在写日期的时候。
其中日期的写法,如1997年7月30日,英文为:july 30,1997(最为普遍);july 30th,1997;30th july,1997等。1997不可写成97。
2、信内地址(inside address)
其中在一般的社交信中,信内收信人的地址通常省略,但是在公务信函中不能。将收信人的.姓名、地址等写在信头日期下方的左角上,要求与对信头的要求一样,不必再写日期。
3、称呼(salutation)
是写信人对收信人的称呼用语。位置在信内地址下方一、二行的地方,从该行的顶格写起,在称呼后面一般用逗号(英国式),也可以用冒号(美国式)。
(1)写给亲人、亲戚和关系密切的朋友时,用dear或my dear再加上表示亲属关系的称呼或直称其名(这里指名字,不是姓氏)。例如:my dear father,dear tom等。
(2)写给公务上的信函用dear madam,dear sir或gentleman(gentlemen)。注意:dear纯属公务上往来的客气形式。gentlemen总是以复数形式出现,前不加dear,是dear sir的复数形式。
(3)写给收信人的信,也可用头衔、职位、职称、学位等再加姓氏或姓氏和名字。例如:dear prof. tim scales, dear dr.john smith。
4、正文(body of the letter)
位置在下面称呼语隔一行,是信的核心部分。因此要求正文层次分明、简单易懂。和中文信不同的是,正文中一般不用hello!(你好!)
正文有缩进式和齐头式两种。每段书信第一行的第一个字母稍微向右缩进些,通常以五个字母为宜,每段第二行从左面顶格写起,这就是缩进式。
但美国人写信各段落往往不用缩进式,用齐头式,即每一行都从左面顶格写起。商务信件大都采用齐头式的写法。
5、结束语(complimentary close)
在正文下面的一、二行处,从信纸的中间偏右处开始,第一个词开头要大写,句末用逗号。不同的对象,结束语的写法也不同。
(1)写给家人、亲戚,用your loving grandfather,lovingly yours,lovingly等;
(2)写给熟人、朋友,用yours cordially,yours affectionately等;
(3)写业务信函用truely yours(yours truely),faithfully yours(yours faithfully)等;
(4)对上级、长辈用yours obediently(obediently yours),yours respectfully(respectfully yours)等。
6、签名(signature)
低于结束语一至二行,从信纸中间偏右的地方开始,在结束语的正下方,在签完名字的下面还要有用打字机打出的名字,以便识别。职务、职称可打在名字的下面。当然,写给亲朋好友的信,就不必再打了。
7、附言(postscript)
如果一封信写完了,突然又想起遗漏的事情,这时用p.s.表示,再写上遗漏的话即可,要长话短说。通常在信末签名下面几行的左方,应于正文齐头。
注意:在正式的信函中,应避免使用附言。
8、附件(enclosure)
如果信件里面有附件,可在信纸的左下角,注上encl:或enc:,例如:encl:2 photos(内附两张照片)。如果福建附件不止一项,应写成encl:或encs。
我们有时可看到在称呼与正文之间有re:或subject:(事由)字样。一般在信纸的中间,也可与“称呼”对齐。还应在底下加横线,以引起读信人的注意,使收信人便于在读信之前就可了解信中的主要内容。事由一般在公务信函中使用,也可以省略。
英语写信格式范文
21 June 20___
Dear Mary,
Thanks for your last letter. I'm so glad that you have been able (at last! ) to arrange a holiday in Australia. As I fear I won't be able to meet you at the airport when you arrive, nor will I be able to be home until later in the afternoon, so here are some instructions and suggestions.
There is a bus from the airport to the city. It is much cheaper than a cab. Take the bus to the city and ask to get off at Town Hall railway station.
To get to my place in the eastern suburbs you have three options. You can either take a cab, a bus or the train. I suggest you take the train, since the airport bus will leave you right at the station. Get off at Cliff Station. From there you can either walk to my place (about ten minutes) or take a taxi. Probably you should take a taxi as you will have luggage.
When you arrive at my flat, ring the intercom for Flat 2. My friend Lillian will be at home and she will open the front door for you and let you into my flat.
Presumably you will be tired and want to sleep. But if you feel like some exercise after that long flight, you could stroll down to Cooper Park, which is only ten minutes away ? you can see it from the window.
Cheers and looking forward to seeing you.
Yours sincerely,
Annie
P.S. I will leave something
;大学生英语作文常出现的十大语法错误现象
大学生英语作文常出现的十大语法错误
导语:大学生在英语学习中或多或少都会存在错误,尤其是在英语作文写作中,语法错误不可避免,为此,本文对大学生英语写作中语法错误进行了分析研究。
语法错误具体分类如下:
1. 主谓关系中人称和数量不一致性(person/number agreement)错误
由于汉语的动词不受主语的人称和数的影响,英语的谓语动词要和主语保持一致,谓语动词要随着主语而变化。而学生主要用汉语思维,因此他们往往没有习惯去考虑主语是第几人称,是单数还是复数。例如:
a. A number of students is going to learn a foreign language.
b. He go to school by bike every day.
分析:
a句中a number of +复数名词做主语时,其谓语动词用复数形式。b中 He是第三人称单数,在一般现在时态中谓语动词go应该加es。
2.时态(Tense)
高中生在写作中经常在时态方面犯错误。英语时态种类繁多,动词的构成形式随着时态的变化而变化。中文里没有时态区分。动作或动词的时间由跟在动词后的诸如 “着”、“了”、“过”等副词小词来表示,对高中生来说,掌握英语的时态不是很容易。实际上,学习者在头脑里很清楚语法规则,但经常混淆或忘记改变动词的词形。例如:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it was born.
b. I spend 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it will rain tomorrow.
正确的句子:
a. A baby can cry as soon as it is born.
b. I spent 50 yuan buying the clothes.
c. I will not come here if it rains tomorrow.
分析:第一句是一个常识问题,应该用一般现在时态。第二句“我买这件衣服花了50元”应该是过去时态。第三句主句是一般将来时,从句是一般现在时态。
3.语态错误
动词的被动式在英语中比比皆是,学生由于汉语思维的影响,很少考虑到用被动语态(Passive Voice)。虽然中文里也有被动式的含义,但与英语里被动式表达方式完全不同。英语里的被动式要求有助动词be和一个变异的过去分词形式,其中这个助动词带有时态和人称数量信息,中文里需要使用诸如“被”、“使”、“让”等词语,不需要有不规则的动词形式。这对中国的学习者来说就有潜在的困难。例如:
a. New bicycles must keep inside.
b. The book has to return at the end of the week.
c. The food has cooked.
d. Knife should take away from babies.
正确的句子:
a. New bicycles must be kept inside.
b. The book has to be returned at the end of the week.
c. The food has been cooked.
d. Knives should be taken away from babies.
很明显,这些句法结构己经被确认为未能正确使用英语中的被动式。学生还会犯一些其它方面的错误,其中之一是,常常把英语里没有被动语态的词(组),如 take place, occur, happen, belong to,appear, break out, rise, die等用作被动语态。
4.固定搭配错误
有介词短语的搭配,固定词组的搭配,更多的是特殊动词的搭配和用法出现错误最多。很多学习者在记单词的时候,不记搭配和真正用法,错误如下:
a. He suggested to go there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me to choose the one I liked best.
正确的句子:
a. He suggested going there on his bike.
b. My teacher explained to me the text very carefully.
c. My mother made me choose the one I liked best.
据以上的分析,中国学习者的`英语应用很大程度上受到其母语的影响,直接翻译,没有记住这些动词的特殊用法。
5.非谓语动词错误
由于学生对非谓语动词的概念不清楚,对不定式、分词、动名词的用法不明白,对句子结构分析不正确,常把非谓语动词误用作谓语动词。学生不知道在英语句子中谓语动词只能有一个,如果有另外一个动词出现,这个动词有三种情况:一是并列谓语,但是这时候必须有连词,如and, but等;二是出现在从句里面;三就是以分词形式出现,现在分词和过去分词,还有不定式。现在分词有主动语态和进行时的含义,而过去区分词有被动语态和完成时的含义,不定式有将来时态的意义。例如:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things look at.
b. I am looking forward to see you.
正确的句子:
a. In the museum there are a lot of interesting things to look at.
b. I am looking forward to seeing you.
分析:a句中己有谓语动词there are,用来修饰things,此句缺的是后置定语。b句look forward to是一个固定短语,后面要接动名词。c句要用现在分词作定语,跟所修饰的名词之间是主谓关系,表示动作正在进行,因此用“sleeping”,相当于 “the child who is sleeping"。
6.冠词错误
学生在翻译时常会忘了考虑冠词,或者说不重视冠词这个问题,常有多用或少用或错用的弊病。冠词考查分两个方面,一是冠词的残缺或多余,考生要注意关于含有冠词(不含冠词)的用法以及加冠词与不加冠词的区别,如:in charge of与in the charge of, out of question与out of the question的区别。二是冠词the, a, an(不定冠词和定冠词)之间的相互误用。
英汉名词确有许多共同点,但是也有不少不同点。英语名词有可数与不可数之分,汉语里没有,且一般情况下,名词都可受到数量词的限制。因此,英语写作中,一旦涉及到advice, news, progress, weather, information等少数常用不可数名词时,学生往往会犯错误。不过,在使用英语不可数名词时,又会出现两种情况,一种是绝不可以用a/an或数词来直接修饰,如上述提及的几个名词:另一种情况是,少数不可数名词在被形容词等修饰后,可用a/an等来修饰。如time(时间),rain(雨)。所以我们可以说:We had a wonderful time yesterday. 例如:
a. The air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
正确的句子:
a. Air is the most important thing for our existence.
b. The driver brought the car to a stop. In this way, he avoided an accident.
c. When the sun was setting, he still did not catch any fish.
7.代词的错误
代词主要有人称代词、物主代词、关系代词、反身代词、疑问代词、复合疑问代词、指示代词,要注意代词的各人称之间和单复数之间的误用,关系代词 which, that, as之间的误用,关系代词that与疑问代词what之间的误用,关系代词which与关系副词when, where,以及what与how的误用等。例如:
a. We do not like he.
b. If you like this books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from me.
d. The population of China is larger than those of Japan.
正确的句子:
a. We do not like him.
b. If you like these books, you can take them away.
c. His book is different from mine.
d. The population of China is larger than that of Japan.
汉语里,人称代词没有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而英语中的人称代词有主格、宾格和所有格之变,而且每格都具有其自身的用途,分别充当主语、宾语和定语等。尤其要注意的是,人称代词充当介词宾语时,也要采用其宾格形式。
8.连词的错误
连词主要有两类,即并列连词和从属连词,考查点主要是并列连词(分递进式、转折式、选择式和因果式四种)之间的误用(主要是but与so/and之间的误用),从属连词之间的误用以及并列连词与从属连词之间的误用等。例如:
a. He had little to eat and a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived when he fell ill.
c. If you go this way, and you will soon see the hospital.
正确的句子:
a. He had little to eat but a large house to live in.
b. He had no sooner arrived than he fell ill.
c.1f you go this way,you will soon see the hospital.
9.名词的错误
名词主要考查单数名词变复数名词,这主要是受东西方文化差异的影响,英语中除了不可数名词和单数名词用单数外,可数名词要用复数形式。另外还有一些特殊形式。例如:
a. What a beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regard to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subject.
正确的句子:
a. What beautiful weather we are having today!
b. Please give my best regards to your parents.
c. I have got good marks in all my subjects.
10. 在使用情态动词和助动词时产生的错误类型
这类错误有以下几种情况:① 情态动词后的动词使用过去时态;② 情态动词后的动词加“s”③ 情态动词后的动词加“ing”④”will”后面的“be”动词用“am、“is”或“are ”;⑤助动词“do”后面的动词用动词过去时态;⑥.助动词“do”后面的动词第三人称单数加“s";⑦ 助动词“do”后面的动词加“ing”等。例如:
a. I could did my homework.
b. He may goes to school by bike every day.
正确的句子:
a. I could do my homework.
b. He may go to school by bike every day.
;怎样写好英语作文的四大技巧
作就是通过语言表达你自己的思想。这里面有两个要素:语言和思想。对于一个成功的写作行为来说,这两点缺一不可。在运用母语写作时,我们基本上不用花很多时间和精力去考虑语言,因而我们的重点是放在内容上。但是在学习用外语写作时,语言和内容就都需要注意。如果处理不好这两者之间的关系,我们可能就永远也学不好外语写作。
一般说来,学习外语写作有三个步骤,虽然这三个步骤是不能截然分开的。
第一, 学习这门语言的基本的词汇和语法。此时的学习者对这门外语的基本用法还未掌握,因此尚处于学习语言的基础阶段。这时写作训练一般没有,即使有也只是为练习词汇和语法服务。这种练习一般说来内容都非常简单,强调的是学习者所使用的词汇和语法必须正确。
第二, 语言和内容并举。此时的学习者已经掌握了该语言的一些基本的词汇和语法,可以用该语言表达自己的简单的思想。这时的写作练习可以达到两个目的:(1)继续增强对语言的掌握;(2)用外语表达一定的思想。在具体的学习实践中,这两者实际上是不可分的。有许多初三的学生开始用英语记日记,其实他们就正处于这一阶段。
第三, 主要强调内容。当学习者对一门外语的词汇和语法有了一定的掌握,可以用它来表达相对复杂的思想时,就基本进入了第三阶段。此时的语言已经不是最大的障碍,如何写出好的内容成了头等大事。这一阶段的学习者所注重的是如何选材、如何组织文章之类的问题。有人说只有这第三阶段的写作才是真正的写作。这一说法可能失之偏颇,但成功的写作是必须达到这第三阶段的。
如果你发觉写出完整的句子尚有困难,这说明你还处于第一阶段。此时你不要急于写出长篇大论,即使你有些想法可能非常深刻。这时你应该做的是注意语言的积累,留意常用词和句型的用法。另外,适当做一些翻译练习也可以帮助你提高运用语言的能力,从而为提高写作能力做好准备。我们的翻译板块中有许多练习实际上对你们的写作能力的提高也是大有裨益的。除此之外,多做一些阅读,培养对语言的感觉也能为提高写作能力做一些准备。
因此,你在现阶段可以从以下三个方面着手:积累语言素材、多做翻译练习、多做阅读练习。随着你的语言能力的提高,你会逐步进入第二阶段,到那时你就不愁写不出句子了。
大学英语作文怎样保护京剧
只要有耐心,铁杵磨成针。只要持之以恒,不断练习写作,一定会有进步。下面是我给大家整理的一些英语范文,供大家参阅!
写作技巧
一、寻觅小作文需要表达的重点
见到图形表达题,你心中就需要思考这个图形题需要表述的重点在哪里。作答时先说明再梳理数据。切不可将文章写成账本式的文字,否则,你就会得到很低的分数。
二、了解图形的分类规律
图形描述题,按照标准图形来分,可以分为line graph (curve), bar chart, pie chart以及table,按照表达重点来分,分为趋势类和大小类,分类依据于题中的时间列表。一般来说,出现时间段的图形题都是以描述数据变化趋势为主。
三、准备必要的表达方式
1. 与趋势有关的词语:
上升(动词):increase, rise, climb, ascend, surge, shoot up
下降(动词):decrease, decline, drop, fall, descend, plunge
持平(动词):remain stable, keep constant, level off, flatten out
波动(动词):fluctuate, wave, go up and down
快速(形容词/副词):considerable/considerably, significant/significantly,substantial/substantially,remarkable/remarkably, dramatic/dramatically
2. 与大小相关的词语:
Outnumber (动词):在数量上超过The demonstrators were outnumbered by the police Exceed (动词):在数量上超过
Triple (动词):变成三倍The figure has tripled.
Double (动词):变成两倍The price of houses has virtually doubled over the past few years. Mount to (动词):达到
Counterpart (名词):对应的另一方,比较的另一方 this product is better than its counterparts 此外,建议考生还应考虑一下题中数据和百分比有没有联系,如果有的话还应添加一些数据所占百分比的语句。
On Open Policy
The open policy means that our country is open to investment, trade and technical and economic cooperation with other countries on the basis of equality and mutual benefit. The purpose of open policy is to acquire advanced technology, management skills to serve our socialist construction so as to promote the realization of the four modernizations.
We must adhere to the open policy. Because economic relations between states today have become increasingly close, and no country can possibly advance behind close doors. Only in this way, can we gradually close the gap between our country and the developed countries.
Through the implementation of policy, we can learn advanced technology and managerial expertise from abroad; make full use of the foreign capitals to set up great enterprises; absorb useful and healthy ideas and new knowledge of the modern civilization; and broaden our views and raise our level of competence.
A campus activity that has benefited you most.
Currently, students in mounting numbers pay attention to academic achievement, neglecting
campus activities, like speaking contest , song contest and its like. However, from my perspective, we youngsters should take participate in more campus activities.
I hold the notion that campus activities has lots of benefits on various fronts. At the top of the list, social activities, such as song contest could help us make more friends, expanding our
acquaintances. In addition, students would widen horizon, increase knowledge during the period taking part in campus activities. Last but not list, just as a saying goes, “ all work and no play makes Jack a dull boy”; therefore, students’ choice to join in some school activities would ease our mind and relief our burden, which will be beneficial to the study.
In conclusion, youngsters should take part in colorful and meaningful activities at campus. Hence, I suggest schools can hold some activities to cultivate students ability, physically and
psychologically.
I have met so many friends in my college life. They have exerted enormous influence on my life. However, one of my most impressive friends is my roommate, Li Ming.
In the class meeting on the first day of school, Li Ming did not impress us at all. We started to notice him because he was always late for classes. We were thus impressed by his laziness. I came to know him and his situation because we were roommates and spent much time together: his
mother was seriously ill and sick abed in long-term, his father left him and his mother mercilessly. Hence, it was him that shouldered the heavy burden of taking care of his sick mother supporting the whole family. Finally, under great pressures, he balanced his life and study perfectly: he was no longer always late, took good care of his mother and even won the scholarship many years in a row.
The experience of Li Ming can be one of the most convincing cases of the power of persistence and will. He left a deep impression and imposed a durable influence on me. Indeed, friend such as him can be regarded as asset and property in our life. We have rights to choose our own friends,but we should also be prudent and sensible enough to choose friends who can bring us “positive energy”. (228 words)
【参考译文】
在我的大学生活中,遇到了很多朋友。他们对我的人生产生了重大的影响。然而,我印象最深的朋友是我的室友李明。
在开学第一天的入学班会上,他没有给全班同学留下任何印象。李明让我们开始认识他,是因为他总是上课迟到,同学们都以为是个懒惰的人。因为我们是室友,平时的交往比较多,
后来我才慢慢了解到他的情况:原来他的母亲罹患重病,长期卧床,父亲残忍地离开他们而去,照顾生病的母亲和养家重任只能由他来承担了。令人惊讶的是,在重压之下,他将自己的生活和学业平衡地很好:他不再总是迟到,将妈妈照顾的很好并且连续几年获得奖学金。 李明的经历是坚持和意志的作用的最有说服力的例子之一。他给我留下的印象无法磨灭,他对我造成的影响持续深远。的确,这样的朋友被视为我们生活中的财富和资产。我们有权利选择自己的朋友,然而交友的过程中,我都应该足够理智和谨慎,选择那些能够给我们带来正能量的真正的朋友。
写作题目:你生病住院时,同班同学曾探望过你,假设现在你在给他们写信,以表达感激之情,并告知现状。
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